1. It is the earliest collection of poems in China. In the pre-Qin period, it was commonly called "poetry" or "poetry 3", and in the Han dynasty it was regarded as a classic, called the Book of Songs. According to the different music, The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode.
2. The Book of Songs is a shining example of Chinese poetry. The three artistic expression methods of "Fu, Bi and Xing" have a great influence on future generations and are one of the elements that form the characteristics of China's poems.
Meng
1. Meng is selected from The Book of Songs? Wei Feng belongs to the poem of abandoning a wife, that is, the poem of complaining about abandoning a wife. It can also be regarded as a narrative poem.
2. Mongols: people. The poem refers to the husband who abandoned his wife in the past: "Sending a child involves Qi, but as for Dunqiu", the "Qi" refers to Qi water, which is in present-day Henan Province.
3. Understand and memorize the following verses: (1) Reflect the marriage custom at that time: "Erbule, the body is blameless". (According to divination, there are no unlucky words.) (2) The poem with sincere taste is "You can't eat mulberries when you are sitting on a dove." (3) The poem that shows the heroine's hard work after marriage is "Sleeping all night long, and there will be a dynasty". Get up early and go to bed late, not a day goes by without it. The poem that shows the heroine's determination after being abandoned is "To grow old together with her husband, always makes me complain". (Husband and wife * * * live together until they are old, which always makes me complain) (5) "The banquet of the general angle" contains the joy of underage women.
4. The idea of "Meng" reflects the oppression and damage of the unequal marriage system between men and women in society at that time.
5. Analyze the figurative techniques in Mang: use "the mulberry leaves flourish before it falls" and "the mulberry leaves fade after it falls" as a metaphor for the changes of their feelings; It is a metaphor that a woman can't indulge in love. Using "Qi has a shore, Ji has a pan" to counter that one's pain is boundless. These metaphors are not only vivid. And it is in line with the environment of the characters and full of life. (Jane or Selected)
Gentleman in Service is selected from The Book of Songs. Feng Wang is a poem about missing women, which describes a peasant woman's deep nostalgia for her husband who has been away from home for a long time and doesn't know when he will return. Love stories are true and simple. Gentleman: This refers to the husband.
General Zhong Zi
1. Selected from The Book of Songs. Zheng Feng is a love poem, in which a young girl advises her lover not to go over the wall to meet her, because she is afraid of being scolded by her parents and brothers, and also afraid of gossip from others.
2. This poem is written in a woman's first-person tone, which vividly shows her intense inner conflicts.
Shuo Shu
1. Selected from The Book of Songs. Wei Feng exposes the cruel exploitation of the people by the rulers, and at the same time expresses the people's warm yearning for a better life and ideal realm.
2. The poem uses metonymy as a whole. The rhetorical device used in the word "Shuoshu" is metaphor. Poetry expresses people's yearning for a better life and tends to pursue social ideals. "Paradise", "country" and "suburb" in the poem are the ideal places.
Jia Jian
1. Selected from The Book of Songs. Qin Feng is a love song for lovers. The structure of the whole poem, which emphasizes chapters and sentences, sings and sighs, deepens the expression of feelings.
2. The emotional content of the poem is that the obsession and persistence in the pursuit of "Iraqi people" are intertwined with the sadness and melancholy of the pursuit. (1) The author's yearning object is beyond his reach, and he can't restrain his infinite melancholy. (2) The words "white dew is frost", "white dew is not sunrise" and "white dew is not already" indicate the passage of time. The protagonist has been searching hard for a long time, wandering and looking forward, and he is deeply affectionate. (3) The words "Wan is in the middle of the water", "Wan is in the water" and "Wan is in the water" indicate that the right person is within reach. (Jane or Xuan)
3. "The so-called Iraqis are on the water side" is a famous sentence. Iraqi, refers to the right person.
4. "Road resistance is long, road resistance is sharp, road resistance is right" means missing the object, and it is difficult to find it.
5. The function of scenery description poems such as "Jian Jian Cang Cang" in displaying characters' feelings: (1) Rendering the sad atmosphere in clear autumn. (2) It provides a specific background for the characters' emotions and activities, and is regarded as a good poem with deep feelings and swaying spirits in past dynasties. (Jane)
6. The method and function of poetry: "Jian Cang Cang, Bai Lou is frost" rises with the scenery reed, and writes the process that Bai Lou gradually dries up from condensation to frost to melting into water, showing the passage of time. (Jane or Selected)
7. What are the characteristics and artistic effects of poetry in structure? (1) Using repeated chapters and sentences. (2) Its artistic effect of singing and sighing. (1)-sing three sighs to show the rich feelings of the lyric hero. ② indicates the passage of time. ⑧ Express the bitter quest of the lyric hero. (Jane)
Qu Yuan
1. Ming Ping was born in Chu in the late Warring States period.
2. The symbolic work of Chinese poetry from folk collective singing to the poet's independent creation: Chu Ci. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiangzeng compiled the works of Qu Yuan and other Chu Ci writers as Chu Ci. The earliest extant annotation of Chu Ci is Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Mrs. Xiang
1. Choose a group of poems "Nine Songs" adapted by Qu Yuan according to folk music songs for offering sacrifices to the gods, and write about Xiang Jun (lyrical hero, expectation and yearning for Mrs. Xiang). It's a welcome song sung by Xiang Jun, played by a wizard.
2. "It's autumn wind, waves in the cave and under the leaves of trees" is a famous sentence describing the autumn scenery.
National Mourning
1. It is one of the Nine Songs. "National mourning" means offering sacrifices to the soldiers who died for the country, so as to inspire the people of Chu to share the same enemy and wash away the national humiliation.
2. the theme and intention of this article: offering sacrifices to soldiers who died for their country. The poem not only praises their heroism and heroic spirit, but also expresses the author's noble feelings of loving the motherland. (Jane)
3. Why did "National Mourning" defeat me from the enemy? (1) This is a reflection of the reality. During the Warring States Period, when Qin Chu was at war, Chu was often defeated, which reflected the political and military situation of Chu at that time. (2) Qu Yuan wrote "National Mourning" in order to inspire Chu people to wave upon wave, fight against the enemy and carry forward the spirit of patriotism and heroism. (Jane)
Mourning
1. One of the Nine Chapters. Ying is the capital of Chu State, in Jiangling, Hubei Province. There are two most popular views on the writing background: (1) Wang Yi's "Songs of the South" is believed to have been written when Qu Yuan was exiled. (2) Wang Fuzhi's Interpretation of Songs of the South holds that Qu Yuan was mourning for the fall of the Qin generals.
2. "Why forget it day and night" is a sentence that expresses feelings directly in Mourning.
3. The poem containing the destination of Qu Yuan's exile is "When Lingyang is in full swing, Sennan is in full swing". "Lingyang" is in Anhui Province today.
4. The poems that are in line with the sequence of exile written by Qu Yuan include "Going abroad and feeling anxious", "Looking at Longmen but not seeing it", "Going up to Dongting and going down to the river" and "How can I feel anxious when I am in Lingyang".
5 The word "Zhi" in "Believe in my sin and abandon it, why forget it day and night" refers to the capital city; the word "Yue" in "Looking at it for a long time, but feeling too anxious, and weeping over it" refers to the snow bead.
6. The poet's thoughts and feelings expressed in "Mourning" are straightforward, with both grief and indignation about the country and the people, and sadness of being wronged and sinking, and his words are straightforward and incisive. (Jane or Selected)
7. The lines of contrast in the poem are: "The external commitment is embarrassing, the weakness is difficult to hold", "I hate the beauty of my husband's cultivation, and the generosity of a good lady." Many people are advancing day by day, and the beauty is far away and beyond. " What methods are used to reflect the reality of Chu: (1) Kings hate the good qualities of loyal and virtuous ministers, and like those seemingly passionate and generous villains. The wise are increasingly alienated when small groups of people rush to get a job. (2) Loyalty, treachery, good and evil are in sharp contrast, revealing the reality that the villain in Chu was in power and the gentleman was faithless at that time. (Jane)
8 What techniques are used in the sentence "Birds fly back to their hometown, and foxes will die first" to reflect the author's thoughts and feelings: (1) Metaphorical techniques are used. (2) Show deep yearning for the homeland of the old capital till death do us part. (Jane or Selected)
Li Sao
1. It is the representative work of Qu Yuan and the longest lyric poem in ancient Chinese literature. The title of the article is Li Sao, and Ban Gu interprets it as suffering; Wang Yi thinks it refers to the sorrow of parting.
2. The symbolism of Li Sao is particularly noteworthy. Symbol developed from Bi Xing in The Book of Songs, which pushed the creative art further.
3. Poems expressing superb talents with fragrant grass are as follows: "Hu Jiang is separated from Bi Zhi Xi, and Qiu Lan thinks he is admirable"; The poem that expresses noble character is: "Through the falling core of Ficus pumila, the fungus is cultivated and the flowers are cultivated." "Making lotus flowers means clothes, and gathering hibiscus means clothes".
4. The poems expressing talents with fragrant grass are as follows: "I am not only the nine flowers of the orchid, but also the hundred acres of trees. To stay abroad and expose the car, Du Heng and Fang Zhi are mixed. "
5. The poems that express the cultivation of perseverance are: "The Mulan in the morning is like the magnolia in the evening, and the land in the evening is like a wild one".
6. Road is not an ordinary road in poetry, but a way to govern the country. Therefore, Yao and Shun "follow the road and get the road" and "take a shortcut with embarrassment". The road of the party is "secluded to narrow the gap", and the poet's effectiveness for the country is "running to the front, and the former king's heel."
7. The poem that expresses Qu Yuan's firm ambition is: "I am still good at my heart, and I have no regrets even though I died nine times." "I would rather die in exile, but I can't bear to be like this." "Although I have not changed my mind, I can be punished.".
8. "It's a long way to go, but it's Xiu Yuan, so I'll go up and down for it" from Qu Yuan's Li Sao.
Zuo Zhuan: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Guliang Zhuan are collectively called "Three Biographies in the Spring and Autumn Period".
The Battle of Chengpu in Jin Chu
1. The former address of Chengpu is in present-day Shandong Province. The "Battle of Chengpu" was a battle between Jin Chu and China for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was a famous war example in the ancient military history of China. Monarchs of both sides: the monarch of Jin State is Jin Wengong (Jin Hou); The King of Chu State was the King of Chu. Commander-in-Chief of both sides: the commander-in-chief of Jin State is Yuan Yi (Xian Zhen), and the commander-in-chief of Chu Army is Zi Yu. The allies of both sides, the allies of Jin State are Song State, Qi State and Qin State; The allies of Chu are Chen, Cai, Cao and Wei.
2. In the Battle of Chengpu, Jin Chu, it is the son of Jin who puts forward "staying away from three houses", and the "Chu Zi" in "Dream of the Hou of Jin and Chu Zibo" refers to Chu Chengwang.
3. The criminal's "winning by fighting, winning the vassal" reveals the essence that the strong is king in the hegemony war.
4. Analyze the reasons for the victory and defeat of Jin Chu Chengpu Battle: (1) The monarch and the minister work together, with one heart from top to bottom. (2) Being good at using diplomatic means to disintegrate the enemy's alliance and isolate Chu; At the same time, take a restrained attitude, "stay out of the house" and make a preemptive strike. (3) Pay attention to tactics, command well, and adopt clever tactics of avoiding the strong and attacking the weak, pretending to defeat and luring the enemy. (4) The personal qualities of the monarch and ministers of the State of Jin also played a role. (Jane)
5. The Battle of Chengpu, Jin Chu describes the characteristics of the war: (1) This article describes the war not in isolation, but by combining the war with the political and diplomatic activities of both sides, thus showing the causal relationship between the development of the war and the reasons for the victory and defeat of the war. (2) The author also expressed some thought-provoking military thoughts through the characters' main mouths, such as "Virtue is invincible" and "Less courtesy can be used". (3) When describing the war process in detail, we can convey the atmosphere on the battlefield realistically with concise pen and ink, and clearly explain the process of fighting. (Jane)
6. Try to compare the images of Jin Wengong, Xian Zhen and Ziyu: Jin Wengong is cautious and steady, well-thought-out, good at listening to the opinions of his subordinates, knowing people and being good at their duties; Xian Zhen is very knowledgeable, understands diplomacy and strategy, and can correctly use strategy and tactics; Zi Yu is impulsive, headstrong, arrogant and arrogant. His wild words and arrogant manner are in sharp contrast with the caution, deliberation and thoughtfulness of Jin Wengong and Xian Zhen. (Jane)
1 from Zuo Zhuan; The art of candle is the doctor of Zheng: "How to use the death of Zheng to accompany neighbors", and "neighbors" refers to the state of Jin.
2. "Wang didn't listen, so Chinese people dared not speak. In three years, it was Liu Wang Yu Kui (now Shanxi Province), and "Wang" refers to Zhou Liwang.
Mandarin: "Shao Gong admonishes Li Wang to slander" 1. Selected from "Mandarin". Shao Gong is Shao Mugong, a distinguished scholar in Zhou Liwang.
2. Shao Gong's admonition words used metaphor. For example, the metaphor of "defending people's mouth is better than defending Sichuan" generally reveals two different attitudes of rulers towards people's speech.
The Warring States Policy: The Warring States Policy reached its peak in the development of historical prose in the pre-Qin period. The most skillful use of fables is the Warring States Policy.
1. Selected from The Warring States Policy, it is a compilation of historical materials during the Warring States Period, mainly recording the activities and words of strategists during the Warring States Period, and compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.
2. Su Qin was a famous strategist in the Warring States period. He lobbied King Hui of Qin to advocate Lian Heng, but was rejected by King Hui of Qin. Later, he lobbied Zhao Suhou to advocate union and finally succeeded.
3. The idiom "Change from arrogance to respect" comes from "Su Qin begins to tell Lian Heng about Qin".
Feng Xuan Guest Meng Changjun
1. Feng Xuan: a guest of Meng Changjun. Meng Changjun was an aristocrat of Qi.
2. The specific content of "Three Caves of Cunning Rabbit": The idiom "Three Caves of Cunning Rabbit" comes from Feng Xuan's mouth. The Three Caves refer to: (1) Meng Changjun's Yi Yu Xue won the support of the people of Xuecheng, a fief. (2) Return to Qi and gain a reputation as a talented person. (3) The establishment of the ancestral temple in Xue made the King of Qi unable to take it lightly.
3. Why did Feng Xuan "play his sword" three times? To test whether Meng Changjun could really be polite to Corporal Xian and whether he could find a confidant.
4. Analysis of Feng Xuan's personality: Feng Xuan was a typical strategist in the Warring States period. He is willing to work for his bosom friends, with his insight, foresight, sizing up the situation, and taking advantage of the intricate relationship between governors to consolidate Meng Changjun's position in Qi. (Jane)
5. Analyze the role of Meng Changjun and his words and deeds in setting off the image of Feng Xuan, that is, the portrayal of Feng Xuan: The article contrasts Feng Xuan's strange character and extraordinary knowledge through the descriptions of Feng Xuan's "laughter" and "evil" by people around Meng Changjun and Feng Xuan's "displeasure" by Meng Changjun. Adopt the method of wanting to promote and restraining first, and promote it layer by layer, constantly changing. (Jane)
The Analects of Confucius:
1. It is the longest chapter in the Analects of Confucius, full of literary color, and completely records a discussion between Confucius and students about ambition.
2. Zi Lu is frank and confident, brave and wise.
3. In Shi Zuo, "I and Dian Ye" and "Dian" refers to Ceng Zhe; Zeng Xi was willing to be indifferent and yearned for a leisurely life.
4. the connotation of Confucius' saying "I am with the point" shows Confucius' yearning and indifferent feelings for the peaceful and prosperous times when rites and music are practiced, as well as the sadness that his ideal cannot be realized and the decline of his political attitude.
5. Confucius also affirmed Zilu, Ran You and Gong Xihua's way of governing the country with the world. Zilu: "A country of thousands of times ... is also for it. Compared with three years, it can make you brave and know the side." Ran You said, "Compared with three years, we can satisfy the people. Such as its rites and music, in order to be a gentleman. " Gong Xihua: "If you can't do it, you are willing to learn. If the matter of the ancestral temple is agreed, it will be a small matter. "
6. Analyze the personality of Confucius and his four disciples: Confucius is amiable, persuasive and tireless in teaching others; Reckless in the road, not modest enough; Ran You and Gong Xihua are resourceful, modest and prudent; Zeng Xi was respectful and indifferent. (Jane)
7. The article is good at expressing the characteristics of characters through language, manner, action and narration: recording the characters' language can vividly express the identity and personality of things in and out. The narrative is not much, but the words are accurate and concise. For example, Zi Lu's frank and generous personality is expressed by "being frank and right", and Confucius' listening is expressed by "Confucius' whispering"