Poetry appreciation begins with the perception of literary images, and then aesthetic judgment can be made. Appreciating poetic images means grasping the connotation of artistic images portrayed in poetry. The artistic image here refers to the life picture with certain ideological content and artistic appeal created by the poet from the perspective of aesthetic ideal and artistic generalization according to various phenomena in real life. Specifically, poems that emphasize scenery refer to objects or images, poems that emphasize narration mainly refer to characters, and poems that emphasize lyricism mostly refer to the images of lyric heroes.
First of all, appreciate the images in poetry.
In poetry, poets often express their inner feelings or feelings with things with certain connotations. This thing is an image. The most typical lyric poem is the object-chanting poem. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should not only pay attention to the characteristics of objects, but also pay attention to the feelings entrusted by the author in the things described, and grasp the "meeting point" between objects and aspirations.
For example, Komatsu, written by Du Xunhe in the Tang Dynasty, was deeply rooted in the grass since childhood, and now it is gradually discovered that it is Artemisia capillaris.
Those trees that don't recognize that they can soar into the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is tall.
Note: thorn head refers to pine seedlings covered with pine needles, which are straight and hard.
Analysis: This poem is a typical poem that uses Komatsu as a metaphor for people and asks Komatsu to satirize the times and customs. When appreciating, first of all, we should appreciate the author's description of the characteristics of what he is singing, find the point of convergence with "ambition", and thus master the theme. A word "thorn" not only accurately outlines its appearance characteristics, but also outlines its indomitable character and brave fighting spirit. Du Xunhe was brilliant when he was young, but because of his humble background and no one to help him, he failed again and again. Later, because he managed to gain the appreciation of Zhu Wen, he occupied an important position. Komatsu was not noticed at first, but eventually grew into a tree of Lingyun, which was related to the author's life experience. On the one hand, it embodies the author's view that "humble birth can achieve great things", on the other hand, it allegorizes the essence of secular villains who take others for themselves, are short-sighted and go with the flow. In poetry, poets often use some specific images to express their thoughts and feelings, and these specific images are often endowed with specific connotations. Understanding these connotations is very helpful for us to appreciate poetry. For example, pine, bamboo, plum and chrysanthemum symbolize noble quality, cuckoo and phoenix tree symbolize desolation and sadness, folding willows to say goodbye, and Hongyan entrusts wanderers with homesickness and travel worries.
Second, appreciate the images in poetry.
Once the poet's emotion is activated, the scenery he sees will be strongly subjective. This kind of objective scenery (scenery, mountains and rivers, vegetation, etc.). ) Combining the poet's subjective feelings is the image. It can be said that image is the carrier of the poet's emotional expression. "All landscape words are sentimental words". To appreciate this kind of lyric poetry, we should be good at understanding the artistic realm presented by the life picture created by images, that is, the artistic conception. Generally speaking, the artistic conception of poetry is magnificent, quiet and clear, gloomy and lonely, harmonious and quiet, open and desolate, or lofty and vast.
For example, in 2005 college entrance examination, appreciation of Hubei volume poems: 30% off in the autumn of Han Palace [Mei Huajiu]! I feel sad about this desolate place. The grass is yellow, and the rabbit welcomes the frost early. The dog faded, the man raised his tassel gun, the horse was loaded with ammunition, and the car was carrying food, hunting in the paddock. He, he, he, sadly resigned from the Han dynasty; Me, me, me, hand in hand on the river beam. His department went from poverty to famine; I went back to Xianyang. Go back to Xianyang and cross the palace wall; Cross the palace wall and bypass the cloister; Around the cloister, near the pepper room; Near the pepper room, the moon is hazy; The moon is bright and the night is cool; It's cool at night, and it hurts to cry; Crying stings, green screen window; Green screen window, forget it!
Note: ① Cold sting: chilling cicada. Some people appreciate the lyrics and songs of Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty, which are "writing scenery and feelings, well done". What are the two scenarios described in this lyric by Emperor Han Yuan? What kind of feelings did Emperor Han and Yuan show?
Analysis: The whole song shows us a sad mood. This lyric poem first describes the desolate scene of autumn field when Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty bid farewell to Zhaojun at Baqiao through concrete images such as wild, yellow grass, frost-free, pale dog, horse and car, and then through palace wall, cloister and yellow moon. At the same time, it also uses the rendering of the sad artistic conception when Emperor Han and Wang Zhaojun left each other, which permeates the author's feeling that many people were destroyed in the national contradictions after Yuan and Song Dynasties.
Third, appreciate the characters.
In narrative poems, poets often create individuals or groups of characters and use them to express their feelings about life, their views on society and their understanding of life. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should start with the image itself and know people from the facts.
The following questions: Jiao Ran, not looking for Lu Hongxian at home.
He moved his home to the city wall and the country road to Sang Ma's residence. The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn.
There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west. His neighbor reported that he went to the mountains and always wanted to reflect the sunset on the western hills when he came back.
What kind of character is Lu Hung-chien in the poem? From which two aspects does the work depict this image?
Analysis: Lu Hung-chien, Ming Yu, lived in Tiaoxi (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang) in seclusion. He is famous for his tea tasting, and he wrote The Book of Tea, which was honored as "Cha Sheng" and "Tea God" by later generations. He and Jiao Ran are good friends. This poem was written by Jiao Ran after Lu Yu was moved. The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery of Lu Yu's life. Remote wild paths, unopened chrysanthemums beside hedges, and homes among mulberry trees all show the secluded charm of Tao Yuanming's "building a house in a human environment, but no chariots and horses", which indirectly shows Lu Yu's noble and good manners. The last four sentences were unexpected. The narration of "No Dog Barks" and "Lu Yu's Journey to the West" seems not to be written on Lu Yu, but in the final analysis, it is to chant people, which sets off from the side the noble Lu Yu's mind and demeanor of caring for mountains and rivers, being natural and unrestrained, and not caring about dust. The whole poem is forty words. If it is empty, it will have a special taste.
Fourth, appreciate the lyric hero image.
In lyric poetry, in order to express some strong feelings, poets often set up a "spokesperson" to express their love and hate, value orientation and pursuit of life. This "spokesperson" is the lyric hero image. From this point of view, the lyric hero image is actually the poet himself, and he is a "poetic author". To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should grasp the characteristics of the lyric hero's language expression and action psychology, and know others and explore the world from the background angle, so as to better grasp the theme of the poem.
The following topic: Young Wang Wei.
A suit can break two carved arcs, and riding a thousand pounds seems nothing. Leaning against the golden saddle, the arrow, with the arrow, kept shooting at the fleeing enemy chief.
Juvenile Li Bai
Wuling teenager, Jinshi Dong, silver saddle and white horse with spring breeze. Where the fallen flowers swim, laughing into the Huji wine shop.
(1) The images of teenagers portrayed in the two poems are both very successful, but each has its own characteristics. Please analyze it briefly. (2) Please understand what feelings Wang Wei and Li Bai expressed in their poems.
Analysis: "Youth Travel" is an old topic in Yuefu, and ancient poets generally used it to express their passion. First of all, judging from the characteristics of the lyric hero described, Wang Shi praised the young hero and made a fuss about "hero". With the help of four pictures with internal relations, he wrote about the juvenile's skills, courage, posture and success, and successfully created a juvenile image with superior martial arts, courage and courage, and galloped on the battlefield to kill the enemy, which was ingenious and amazing. Different from Wang's poems, he did not put the teenager in a typical battlefield environment, but put him in another special environment-a beautiful spring background, painting his appearance, imitating his voice and vividly portraying a bold, outstanding and charming young image. Judging from the background of knowing people and discussing the world, in the ancient poetry circle of China, Wang Wei is famous for his landscape poems, and he is also called "Wang Meng" with Meng Haoran. Poets have always regarded Wang Wei as a recluse poet. In fact, in his early years, Wang Wei had the ambition to make contributions and retire after success: "Help others and then brush clothes, and be willing to be a man" ("Those who don't meet the brave win"). In this poem, the young hero clearly embodies the poet's early ideals and lofty sentiments, and embodies the author's ambition to make contributions to the country when he was young. Li Bai is a great romantic poet. When I was a teenager, I was addicted to fencing and fought for it. I claimed to be "a good swordsman and a vassal" (Jingzhou with Han Shu). So Li Bai's poems often like to portray the image of a young hero. From the image of the teenager depicted in this poem, we can easily see the shadow of Li Bai, a proud and generous teenager. It embodies the author's free and easy, open-minded and uninhibited romantic feelings. Note: The new course published on July 4th, 2006? The second issue of the third edition of Chinese Guide, published as CN61-0023, was abridged.
enclose herewith
First, the classification and analysis of poetic images
(1) The characters in classical poetry are often represented by fragments, which can be a look, a smile, an action, a subtle psychological change, the language and voice of a group of characters, or a typical detail. Therefore, the appreciation of characters should be based on characters (portraits, actions, language, demeanor, psychology), environment (natural environment, social environment), and plot, from the perspectives of the identity, personality, thoughts and feelings of the characters written and the author's attitude towards the characters written.
I couldn't find Lu Hongxian at home, so I ran to find you and moved outside the city. A wide path led me through Sang Ma. The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn. There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west. Report to Dashan and don't return before sunset. Note: Same as Guo, which means close to the outer city. Q: What kind of character is Lu Hung-chien in the poem? Please analyze it briefly. Analysis: According to the description of the environment, although Lu Hung-chien's new house is not far from the urban area, it is already very quiet. He needs to follow the wild path until he reaches Sang Ma. With the ornament of "Hedgehog Chrysanthemum", it can be seen that it is a quiet and elegant secluded place. The author's action (locking the door), psychology (I'm waiting to ask your neighbor in the west) and neighbor's narrative (returning at sunset) set off Lu Hung-chien's natural and unrestrained release, and also showed the author's yearning for seclusion. Reference answer: Lu Hung-chien in the poem is a scholar who cares about mountains and rivers and doesn't care about dust. The first four sentences show Lu Hung-chien's noble manners by describing the scenery of a quiet and elegant secluded place. The last two sentences describe Hung-chien's whereabouts in the West and set off his natural and unrestrained manner. Through the image of Lu Hung-chien, the author expresses his yearning and pursuit for secluded life.
(2) The basic idea of appreciating this kind of image is to excavate its social attributes (feelings expressed by the author, meanings expressed, etc.) based on the natural attributes of the written image. ).
1. Scenery: The scenery in the poem has been carefully cut and designed to express the poet's thoughts and feelings. Generally, there are: scenery description (season, season, region, etc. ), scene description (farming, war, hunting, parting, etc. ) and color description. "All scenery words are sentimental words", and scenery is the external expression of the feelings of the characters (often the poets themselves). Therefore, we can analyze and appreciate it according to the idea of "summarizing the characteristics of the scene (artistic conception), describing the poetic scene and analyzing the author's thoughts". The waves in Ceng Gong, West Building, have gone like clouds and come again. The north wind blows a few thunder. Zhu Lou is surrounded by hooks and thin foil, lying and watching the shower in Qian Shan. Note: Hook foil: horse curtain hanging. Q: What scenery does this poem describe? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Reference answer: This poem describes the magnificent scene before the storm on the seaside. The waves in the sky came with thunder, and in the roar of the north wind, the waves kept beating against the bank and roared away. The description of this magnificent scene has rendered the majestic momentum of "coming events cast their shadows before them". This shows the poet's broad mind and inner pride.
2. Physical image: Physical image, that is, the author takes anthropomorphic things as the specific description object, and through this symbolic image description, he twists and turns to express the poet's character, thoughts and feelings. The author creates objects to express his will, feelings and feelings. Therefore, by refining the words describing the characteristics of the writing object and highlighting its natural attributes, we can understand the author's intentions and feelings. The early plum tree is called white jade belt cold plum tree, which is adjacent to village road and stream bridge. I don't know if I started spraying water recently, but I suspect it didn't sell after the winter snow. Q: How do poets show their self-image through plum blossoms? Analysis and answer: This poem shows the image of Chu Mei standing in the cold wind and rising. The word "cold" points to the harsh living conditions of Mei tomorrow morning; The word "Jiong" shows the loneliness of Zaomei; The metaphor of "white jade stripes" and the illusion that plums are snow clearly show the quality of early plums. Taking Mei as a metaphor, the author shows a lonely, arrogant, tenacious and otherworldly self-image.
Second, skill counseling.
There are three steps to analyze the image of poetry: 1. Analyze the image description and identify the properties. 2. Summarize the image characteristics. 3. Show the meaning of the image. So the answer to the short answer question should also consist of the following three parts: 1. What image (artistic conception) does poetry shape (describe)? 2. Basic characteristics of image (artistic conception) (how to express it). 3. The meaning of the image (the author's emotion, ideal, pursuit, personality, etc. ). The typical example reference answer provided in this paper consists of three parts. Another example: a brief analysis of the characters in the following Song Ci. Lu You resented Wanli for sealing Hou, while Ma guarded Liangzhou. Where is the dream of closing the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur. The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry. This life is impermanent, my heart is in Tianshan, and I am always in Cangzhou. Analysis and answer: the whole word has created an image of a hero who is in the Jianghu and does not forget to care about the country and the people. The characters in the words used to gallop on the battlefield, but now they are idle, but they still have the ambition to serve the country and their hearts are tied to the golden front. Through the shaping of this image, poetry expresses the author's concern for the country, his patriotic spirit of lofty aspirations and his feelings of being unable to serve the country in his later years.
Third, follow-up exercise design.
1. Watch Hunting Wang Wei
In the wind, the horn sounded and the general was hunting outside the borehole. The grass is yellow in autumn, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk.
It has passed Xinfeng City in a blink of an eye and soon returned to sunny Liu Ying. Looking back at the eagle wilderness, thousands of twilight clouds spread to the horizon.
What kind of general image has the whole poem created?
2. Title Li Ning lives in Jia Dao.
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
Please comment on the image of Li Ning in the poem from the perspective of environmental and psychological description.
Reference answer: 1. The whole poem creates an image of a general who is bold and heroic and has extraordinary martial arts. In the poem, "disease" is used to express the agility of falcon in finding prey, and "lightness" is used to express the majestic posture of general galloping. The sky and the ground echo each other, vividly describing the whole process of the general from finding prey to chasing prey, and then expressing the speed of action by "passing by" and "returning", thus showing the image of the general and the heroic spirit of the general when hunting.
Li Ning is a hermit who lives a leisurely and quiet life. The environmental description of "few neighbors", "grass path" and "barren garden" in the first couplet shows Li Ning's seclusion and implies his hermit status. The movement of couplets sets off the quietness, and the necklaces show the quietness of Li Ning's residence, which sets off the leisure and tranquility of Li Ning's life. The author's psychological activities in Tail Couplet highlight the theme, which shows the author's pursuit and yearning for this secluded life.
3 swordsman Jia Dao
After ten years' hard work, I have grinded out a sword. The edge of the sword flashes in cold light, but I haven't tried its sharpness. Now take it out and show it to you. Whoever is wronged may as well tell me the truth.
Note: Frost blade: Bai Rushuang, blade of sword, flashing cold light.
This poem focuses on the image of a "swordsman". What kind of image is this? Try to analyze it.
Reference answer: This poem depicts the image of a swordsman who is eager to display his talents and achieve a career with an extremely sharp sword that has not yet been sharpened.
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Living in the stream is Cui Daorong.
Whoever doesn't tie the boat outside the fence, the spring breeze blows into the fish bay. The child suspected villagers, but was anxious to go to Chai Men.
This poem is purely a sketch, unpretentious, unpretentious, unpretentious and natural. The poet successfully captured the image of a rural child and showed us a simple landscape of a water town. Try to analyze this image in detail.
Reference answer: The author uses the words "doubt" and "urgency" to vividly describe children's psychological state of curiosity, excitement, carelessness and anxiety. The poet captured this interesting little shot and successfully outlined the image of a warm, simple, innocent and lovely rural child.
5. Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Fengle Pavilion Youchun (3) Ouyang Xiu
Mangroves and green hills are dying, and grass in the long suburbs is endless. Visitors, no matter how old they are, will walk to the front of the exhibition hall in spring.
(1) What are the characteristics of late spring in this poem? (2) How do tourists feel about this?
Reference answer: (1) This poem describes the endless and lush beauty in late spring (or: this poem describes the characteristics of lush vegetation and red everywhere in late spring). (2) Tourists love it but are reluctant to part with it.
6. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
In spring, the grass is green and yellow, the peach blossoms are chaotic and the plum blossoms are fragrant. Don't worry about the east wind, but spring can make you hate for a long time. (1) What are the characteristics of the spring scenery in the first and second sentences of the poem? (2) Some people think that the whole poem embodies the poet's love for spring. Do you think so? What role does the description of scenery in poetry play in lyricism? Try to analyze the whole poem briefly.
Reference answer: (1) bright and moving, full of vitality. No, the whole poem focuses on expressing the poet's inner worries. ① Description of scenery is the basis and basis of lyricism. In the first two sentences of the poem, the poet chooses spring scenery to describe and deliberately renders the gorgeous scenery of spring; Three or four lyrical sentences translate into melancholy, and the east wind blows endlessly, but it can cheer and hate in spring, and the beautiful scenery in front of it has become the foreshadowing of spring hate. (2) Use beautiful scenery to contrast the inner sadness (happy scenery to write sorrow), and the emotional expression is graceful and profound.
7. Read the following Tang poems and complete the question 1-2 (6 points).
Han Yu in late spring
Flowers and trees know that spring is about to pass, and they want to keep the pace of spring and pay more attention. Even the fickle elm tree without beautiful colors is unwilling to be lonely, dancing with the wind and turning into snowflakes flying all over the sky.
This poem uses personification rhetoric. Please find some personification keywords to appreciate. (3 points)
(2) Late Spring is an interesting sketch in Han Yu's poetry, and people have different opinions on its interpretation. Please analyze the image of "Huayang Yugui" in the third and fourth sentences and talk about your views. (3 points)
Reference answer: ① Knowing Spring: It is necessary to highlight its well-informed characteristics in appreciation. Dou: Appreciation should highlight their competitive characteristics. The only solution: only know. Appreciation should highlight its honest and lovely characteristics. (that makes sense. Every word. )2a。 Persuasion: Advise people to cherish time, take time to read more books, and don't be as vain as "Huayang fishing pods". B, ridicule: deliberately ridicule "Huayang Jade Pod" without beautiful red and purple flowers, just like a person without talent, can't write a literary chapter. C, pity said: "Huayang Yu pod" is also a kind of flower. Although it is not too hot, it still has some merits. D. Philosophically speaking, poetry is meaningful. Han Yu is a master of "the decline of eight generations of literature". He appreciates the courage of "Huayang Yuyue" and intends to depict an image of "Huayang Yuyue" in his poems, so as to encourage those who have no talent to be unwilling to lag behind and dare to create. Isn't the poet encouraging "Huayang Yuyue" not to be ignorant because of "lack of talent and thinking", and not to be afraid of being ridiculed by others to teach others how to use skills, and to compete for the glory of "late spring"? (The above is enough. )