From the perspective of literary history and literary criticism, belinsky pays attention to exploring and summarizing the development of Russian literature, systematically discusses the formation process of realism in Russian literature, and organically combines aesthetic theory with literary criticism. In the article Fantasy of Literature, he systematically investigated the course of Russian literature from classicism and sentimentality in18th century to romanticism and realism in the early19th century, and thought that this was the gradual departure of Russian literature from the imitation and formation of Western European literature. It is emphasized that the true nationality lies not in the imitation of national customs and local colors, but in "the unique way of thinking and feelings of a certain nation" and in "the faithful description of Russian life scenes", thus establishing the internal relationship between the nationality of literature and realism. The Russian novella and Nikolai Nikolai Gogol's novella (1835) initially put forward the theory of realism. He believes that literature has been divided into two categories since ancient times: "ideal poetry" and "realistic poetry", which is more in line with the needs of our times spirit because it "reproduces life in all naked truths". He affirmed Nicholas Nikolai Gogol's creative tendency of "drawing poetry from ordinary life and shocking the soul with his faithful description of life", which means that it represents the direction of Russian realistic literature. During this period, Russian literature experienced a transition from romanticism to realism, and belinsky was the first to demonstrate the inevitability of this process in theory.
In the 1940s, his literary criticism activities entered a mature stage, closely combined with the needs of realistic struggle, and summarized and analyzed literary phenomena more extensively, showing profound insight. Alexander Pushkin's works (1843 ~ 1846) are divided into 1 1 chapters. Focusing on the incisive analysis of Pushkin's creation, this paper systematically discusses the development process of Russian literature from lomonosov to Pushkin, affirms Pushkin's historical position as a link between the past and the future in Russian literature, and holds that the poet's creation combines two aspects of Russian literature. This paper reveals the profound social and historical reasons for the formation of realistic literature represented by Pushkin, and holds that Pushkin is "not only a poet, but also a representative of awakened social consciousness". His works reflect the awakening of national and social consciousness aroused by 18 12 Great Patriotic War and The Decemberists Uprising. Affirming that yevgeny onegin is "an encyclopedia of Russian life and a very popular work"; At the same time, it also points out the limitations of the poet's thought of "the strange combination of commoners and aristocrats". Since 1840, he has published comprehensive comments on the present situation of Russian literature every year, comprehensively summarizing and commenting on the achievements and existing problems of literary creation in that year, which has played a guiding role in the development of Russian realistic literature. 1846 (1847) a glimpse of Russian literature, 1847 (1848) a glimpse of Russian literature, etc. This paper discusses the formation process and characteristics of "naturalism" represented by Nikolai Nikolai Gogol, and demonstrates and defends the direction of Russian realistic literary criticism in theory; It is affirmed that "naturalism stands at the forefront of Russian literature today", and its origin can be traced back to the satirical literature of18th century, which directly inherits and develops the tradition of "realistic poetry" laid by Pushkin. It is asserted that Nikolai Nikolai Gogol's achievement lies in "completely making art face reality" and paying attention to "describing ordinary people", which has promoted the democratization of Russian literature and the deepening of realism; He further distinguished the concepts of nationality and popularity in literature, and thought that popularity not only required faithfully reappearing life, but also required criticizing the reality of serfdom and expressing people's awakening. He also strongly refuted the attacks and slanders of Slavs and liberals on Nikolai Nikolai Gogol and "Naturalists" in articles such as "The Experience of Kukov or the Necromancer" (1842) and "Answering the Muscovites", pointing out that works such as "The Necromancer" have "mercilessly uncovered the coat of reality". It is emphasized that farmers are also human beings and should occupy a place in literature. He fully affirmed and accurately evaluated the works of herzen, Turgenev, Goncharov, Necrasov and Dostoevsky, and pointed out that their ruthless exposure of the dark reality of Russia and their sympathetic description of ordinary people promoted the awakening of the Russian people and developed and deepened the tendency of critical realism. A Letter to Nikolai Nikolai Gogol puts forward the battle program of Russian revolutionary democrats, which is a summary of his revolutionary literary activities in his life. The letter refutes the wrong view of Selected Letters from Nikolai Nikolai Gogol and Friends, and points out that the most urgent problem in Russia at present is to abolish serfdom, advocate civilized enlightenment and awaken the "sense of human dignity" among the people; It is emphasized that in Russia ruled by the czar at that time, "only literature can express the movement of life and progress", and the writer's sacred duty is to become the mouthpiece of people's self-study and social progress. This letter was widely circulated among the secrets of progressive intellectuals in Russia at that time, with far-reaching influence. Lenin called it "an excellent work in the democratic publishing industry without censorship." Belinsky's literary criticism is famous for its high degree of principle, keen insight and meticulous and accurate artistic analysis. It combines political passion, philosophical thinking, scientific analysis and poetic imagination, and occupies an important position in the history of Russian and even world literary criticism.
Belinsky's literary heritage is very rich. Before and after the October Revolution, he edited and published belinsky's complete works and collections for many times to study his literary theoretical heritage. Plekhanov made an outstanding contribution first. Soviet scholars Nelly brodsky, A Lavlesky and Pai Lebedev-Polanski, namely Niechayeva, Ge You oxman and Bao Bursov. Did their own special research. Belinsky's works were introduced to China as early as 1930s, and two volumes of Selected Works of belinsky were published in the early 1950s. In recent years, six volumes of Selected Works of belinsky are being published one after another.