To Liu Jingwen, a seven-character quatrain written by Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
original text
The lotus flower withered, so did the lotus leaf holding the rain, and only the branches of chrysanthemum stood proudly against the frost.
Good years must be remembered, it is orange.
translate
The lotus flower withered, even the lotus leaf holding the rain withered, and only the flower branch that defeated the chrysanthemum stood proudly in the frost.
You must remember that the best time of the year is the late autumn and early winter when oranges are golden and green.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem was given by the poet as a gift to his good friend Liu Jingwen. The first two sentences of the poem describe the scenery, and grasp the "lotus flower exhausted" and "chrysanthemum remnant" to describe the bleak scene in late autumn and early winter. There is a sharp contrast between "nothing" and "still there", which highlights the image of Chrysanthemum Ao Shuang fighting the cold. The last two sentences discuss the scenery and reveal the purpose of giving poems. It shows that although the winter scenery is bleak and cold, it also has fruitful and mature harvest, but it is incomparable in other seasons. The poet wrote this to describe a person's prime of life. Although youth has passed, it is also the golden stage of maturity and great achievements in life. Encourage friends to cherish this wonderful time, be optimistic and make unremitting efforts, and never be depressed and laugh at yourself.
Su Shi's To Liu Jingwen was written in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), and Su Shi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua" says that this poem sings about the scenery in early winter, "The song is wonderful." Although this poem is written for, it is about the scenery in late autumn, and there is no mention of Liu's moral articles. This does not seem to be the proper meaning in the title, but in fact, the author's genius lies in praising Liu's character and moral integrity. Into the description of the early winter scenery without trace. Because in the author's opinion, the most beautiful scenery in a year is the orange-green early winter scenery. Citrus, like pine and cypress, can best represent people's noble character and loyal moral integrity.
When the ancients wrote about autumn scenery, the weather was mostly gloomy and permeated with the feeling of sad autumn. But there is an abnormal situation here, which writes a rich scene of late autumn, reveals vitality and gives people a feeling of high spirits. Therefore, Hu Zai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, compared Han Yu's poem "It is the benefit of early spring and a spring, which is absolutely better than the misty willow in the imperial capital", saying that "the two poems are quite similar but different, and the songs are wonderful" ("Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua").
Lotus and chrysanthemum are the objects of chanting by poets of past dynasties, which often leave a good impression on people, but why does this poem describe the images of lotus and chrysanthemum in a highly general way from the beginning, showing a picture of late autumn? This is entirely to emphasize and highlight the best scenes of the year: orange and green. Although orange and orange are neck and neck, in fact, the whole world is paying attention to orange, because orange symbolizes many virtues, so Qu Yuan wrote Ode to Orange and praised it, mainly praising it for its independence, fine color and selflessness, which is superior to Boyi. The conclusion of this poem has this intention. It combines scenery, things and people in one furnace, implicitly praising Liu Jingwen's character and disposition.
To annotate ...
(1): Liu, a poet, was then the commander-in-chief of Zhejiang and Zhejiang armies and was stationed in Hangzhou. Su Shi regarded him as a national scholar, recommended him on the above table, and paid for his poems.
⑵ Lotus dried up: Lotus withered and withered. Qing: Lift it up, lift it up. Rain cover: formerly known as umbrella, the poem refers to the way the lotus leaf stretches.
(3) Chrysanthemum residue: Chrysanthemum withered. Y: still. Ao Shuang: Not afraid of the cold, strong and unyielding.
⑷ Jun: Originally refers to the ancient king, and later refers to the title of respect for men, especially. Remember: you must remember.
(5) Exactly: one is "the most". Orange-orange-green time: refers to the time when oranges turn yellow and remain green, and refers to the late autumn and early winter of the lunar calendar.
Creation background
This poem was written by Su Shi when he was the magistrate of Hangzhou in the fifth year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1090). When Su Shi met Liu in Hangzhou, Liu was 58 years old. After Su Shi tried his best to protect the imperial court, Liu Cai got a little promotion. I don't want Wen Jing to die in just two years. Su Shi felt that Liu Yisheng was bumpy, so he wrote this poem according to the scenery.
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037—11year), with the word Zizhan and Hezhong, was an important litterateur in the Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative figure with the highest literary achievements in the Song Dynasty. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jia You (Song Renzong year, 1056 ~ 1063) is a scholar. Wang Yang's prose is bold and unconstrained, and he is also called "Han Dynasty and Su Hai" with Han Yu. His poems have a wide range of themes, fresh and vigorous, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique style. He and Huang Tingjian are also called "Su Huang". Xin Qiji is the representative of the unconstrained style, also known as "Su Xin". He is also engaged in painting and calligraphy. There are Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu and so on.