Liu Yong's experience

Liu Yong (about 987- about 1053) was born in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan, Fujian), Han nationality. Poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the most representative figures of graceful and restrained school, his masterpiece Yulinling. Formerly known as trilateral, the word Jingzhuang. Later renamed Yong, the word Qing. Ranked seventh, also known as Liu Qi. He is a scholar in the imperial court, and the official is Yuan Wailang, so he is known as Liu Tuntian in the world. He called himself "Liu Sanbian, who wrote lyrics in sequence", devoted himself to lyrics all his life and called himself "the beauty in white". Because of his bumpy career and poor life, Liu Yong turned from pursuing fame to being tired of officialdom, indulging in the charming and prosperous urban life, and looking for sustenance in "leaning on the red and leaning on the green" and "singing lightly". As the first poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Yong is a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and occupies an important position in the history of ci. He opened up the field of ci and created many excellent works. He not only developed the theme of ci, but also wrote a lot of slow words, developed narrative skills and promoted the popularization and colloquialism of ci, which had a great influence in the history of ci. He is a scholar, official and foreign minister in Jing You. As a bohemian, he was down and out all his life. His ci mostly describes the city scenery and the life of geisha, and he is especially good at expressing the feelings of traveling and service. Liu Yong's lyrics are very popular, and there is a saying that "there is a well to drink and a willow lyric to sing". Many chapters sang the pain of some down-and-out literati in the prosperous times with sad tunes, which was really touching. He was the most accomplished poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and he wrote the Collection of Movements. Liu Yong's father, uncle and brother are all Jinshi, even his son and nephew. Liu Yong himself is also a lyricist in his official career. Liu Yongke, played in Liu Sanbian, was awarded the background of Jinshi in the first year (1034), nearly half a year old. The lyrics are excellent and widely circulated. Only one volume of his works, The Collection of Movements, has survived to this day. Describe the hardships of travel, such as Ling and Klang Ganzhou. They sang unbearable parting and unforgettable memories with a serious attitude, which is very infectious. Young Liu Yong wandered in Yanhua Lane. At the age of 5 1, Liu Yong finally went to Fujian, leaving behind "Boiling the Sea Song", giving deep sympathy to the people who cooked salt for a living at that time. In just two years' official career, his name was recorded in "Official Records of Country Names", which shows his talent in economic affairs. Unfortunately, due to his personality, he was exiled repeatedly, so he entered a wandering "floating life" and developed a preference for bleak autumn scenery. Liu Yong often compares himself with Song Yu and refuses to comment. Liu Yong was poor in his later years and died penniless. It was his geisha sisters who raised money for the funeral in the camp. After death, there were no relatives to pay homage. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, geisha meet to pay homage to their tombs, and they are used to each other, which is called "Hanging Willow Seven" or "Hanging Willow Meeting". The Liu family has been an official for generations. Liu Yong studied hard in his hometown when he was a teenager, hoping to inherit his family business and go from official to official. After finishing his studies, he went to Bianjing to take the exam, ready to make great achievements and try his hand in politics. Unexpectedly, Liu Yong, a romantic talent in his bones, was attracted by the geisha in the brothel when he first arrived in the bizarre capital, leaving his political ideal completely behind him. He spent all day in the romantic field, playing with geisha in the brothel, and even wrote down his romantic life in his words: "In recent days, I have been going crazy." In Luo Qi, there is a person who can care about it. ""Know how many conspiracies, Qin Lou is drunk. Hand in hand, fell in love with embroidered quilts. "(Changshoule) certainly didn't forget the goal of the Jinshi in this trip, but he was" conceited and romantic ",confident and" proficient in art "and" versatile and good at diction "("Hitting the Indus "), and he didn't take the exam seriously, so that he could get the Jinshi and the top scholar easily. He once boasted to his potential sweetheart that even if the emperor came to the porch to try it himself, he would "be the best in the world" ("Long Life"). Unexpectedly, when it was released, it fell out of Sun Shan. Frustrated and resentful, he wrote the famous work "He Tianchong" (Golden List), claiming to "tolerate superficial fame and change to shallow singing". Your prince won't let me be a scholar and an official. If I am not an official, what can I do? Isn't it the same honor to be all-powerful in the ci world? It is "a talented scholar and poet, naturally dressed in white." "On the surface, Liu Yong has contempt for fame and fortune and is a little rebellious. In fact, this is just a complaint after disappointment. I still can't forget fame and fortune in my bones. On the one hand, he said in "Like Fish and Water" that "fame and fortune, I intend to fight for it. "Never mind right or wrong." On the other hand, he comforted himself by saying that "wealth can't be helped by people, and luck will be rewarded." Therefore, shortly after the first defeat, he rallied and fought again. In the early years of Renzong, the exam results have passed, but because the word "He Tianchong" spread to the Forbidden City, it was heard by Shang Minister. When Lin Xuan released the list, Renzong used the word "He Tianchong" as an excuse, saying that Liu Yong was politically unqualified and dismissed him, and instructed: "Why bother to be superficial?" (Wu Zenggai Zhai Zhuan, Volume 16) Liu Yong is really angry about his failure again. He simply called himself "Liu Sanbian, who was ordered to write lyrics", and since then he has wandered freely between prostitutes' houses and devoted himself to the artistic creation of folk new sounds and new words. Unfortunately, in officialdom, on the contrary, Liu Yong, a talented poet, gave full play to his artistic talent in the field of ci creation. At that time, the musicians and singers in the workshop asked Liu Yong to write lyrics for them every time they got a new song, and then they could be handed down and recognized by the audience. Many of Liu Yong's new songs and words are the result of cooperation with teachers, musicians and prostitutes. Liu Yong wrote lyrics for musicians and geisha in the workshop, let them sing in the karaoke bars of restaurants, and often got their financial support. Therefore, Liu Yong can survive in a workshop without much food and clothing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Ye Luo's "Drunken Weng Tan Lu" Volume II said that "Qi Qing lived in Beijing and visited prostitutes in his spare time. Everywhere they go, prostitutes often give them gold materials. "Liu Yong earned a certain economic income by virtue of his popular literature and art creation, which marked the beginning of commercialization of literature in the Song Dynasty and set a precedent for the professionalization of talents engaged in popular literature and art creation later. Editor's anecdote of White Skirt: Liu Sanbian: There is a saying in He by Liu Yong that "keep a shallow name and sing it instead". Xiao Feng's "The Remnant Moon in the Rain Bell" once criticized him: "This person is good at singing shallow, so why should he sing shallow?" And fill in the words. ",erase the name. Liu Yong claimed: "Write words in sequence. Sanqiu Guizi and Shili Lotus: It is said that Yan Yan Liang praised the beauty of Hangzhou after reading Liu Yong's "Looking at the Tide of the Sea": "The southeast is hard to harvest, Wusan City, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times ... There is" Sanqiu Devil, Shili Lotus ","I set out, crossed the river with my whip, and immediately attacked the Song Dynasty with 600,000 troops ". (Luo Dajing's "He Lu" Volume 1) Third, anyone who has a well can sing Liu Ci: Ye Songmeng's "Xia Wuyu" records: "Liu Yong is narrow-minded and good at singing when raising children. Every time the musicians in the teaching workshop get a new tune, they always try to resign themselves to fate and start wandering around the world, so the sound will spread for a while. Dantu, seeing a Western Xia returning to the official cloud, said,' Where there is a well, you can recite willow words. Liu Ci can be divided into two schools: vulgar Ci and elegant Ci. Liu Yong, the editor of this paragraph, was ordered to write lyrics. His style of writing is one of the four flags of the graceful school. In Four Banners, he is moderately sentimental and is known as "Su Hao hates willows". Liu Ci's masterpiece Yulinling is like a girl in the south of the Yangtze River, fresh and graceful, delicate and unique. Liu Yong's poems are sad and touching, but affectionate but not decadent. The artistic conception of word formation is refined and unconstrained. As a result, "a teacher who teaches a workshop, every time he gets a new song, he must seek eternal words and begin to live in the world." "Although there is a legacy of Huajian Ci School, it is unconventional and unique. Liu Yong was a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and occupied an important position in the history of Ci. He expanded the scope of words and created many excellent works. Many chapters sang the pain of some down-and-out literati in the prosperous times with sad tunes, which was really touching. He also described the bustling scene of the city and the scenery of the four seasons, as well as other themes such as wandering immortals, chanting history and chanting things. Liu Yong developed the style of ci and kept more than 200 words. There are as many as 150 tones used, most of which are new tones that have never been seen before, and 78 of them are long tones and slow tones, which have made great contributions to the liberation and progress of Ci. Liu Yong also enriched the expression of ci. His ci pays attention to the structure of rules, the style of ci is clear, the language is natural and fluent, and it has distinct personality characteristics. He inherited Dunhuang music, wrote a large number of "slang words" in folk spoken language, and created Jin and Yuan music. Liu Ci also uses novel and beautiful tunes, which are full of charm, close to feelings and full of musical beauty. His ci not only spread widely at that time, but also had great influence on later generations. When compiling this story about Liu Yong in Yanhua Lane, there was a famous prostitute, Xie, who was beautiful and loved to sing Liu Yong's words. Ren's love story with a famous prostitute in a brothel made him very angry, so he was not reused. He won the imperial examination and was killed in Yuhang County. Passing Jiangzhou, I wandered around the prostitute's house as usual and met Xie. I found a book "Liu Qixin Ci" in her study, and she copied it in block letters. So, when she saw it and knew it, she was compatible with it. When leaving, Liu Yong wrote down new words, saying that he would never change his mind, while Xie vowed to close the door and wait for Liu Lang. Liu Yong worked in Yuhang for three years and made many famous prostitutes in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but he never forgot to thank him. Ren Man returned to Beijing and met her in Jiangzhou. I don't want Yu Ying to meet new guests and go drinking with others. Liu Yong was very disappointed. He wrote a poem on the flower wall, describing the love scene three years ago and expressing his unhappiness in standing up today. Finally, he said, "I heard that Song Yu of Lantai is versatile and gifted. How can I go all day? Xie came back to see Liu Yongci, sighing that he is really an affectionate wit. "。 Ashamed of not keeping his former alliance, he sold his furniture and rushed to Tokyo to find Liu Yong. After many twists and turns, Xie found Liu Yong in the home of Master Chen, a famous prostitute in Tokyo. Reunion after a long separation, all kinds of feelings are hard to tell, and the two will get back together. Xie stayed at Teacher Chen's East Campus and lived with Liu Yongru. Later, Liu Yong made rude remarks and offended court officials. Injong has just dismissed his post as foreign minister. The Oracle said, "Be a minister in white, and write lyrics before the wind and under the moon. "From then on, I went to the famous prostitute's greenhouse, and all food and clothing were supplied by the famous prostitute, asking him to give me a word and raise my social status. He is also happy to wander around the famous prostitutes' homes and write lyrics, calling himself "Liu Sanbian who was ordered to write lyrics". Chu Chu, played by Jimmy Lin, and Liu Yong, played by Hook, were debauched for many years and suffered physical and mental injuries. They died in the home of Zhao Xiangxiang, a famous prostitute. He had neither family nor property, and no one asked him after his death. A group of famous prostitutes, such as Xie and Chen Shishi, saw his talent and infatuation and collected some money for his burial. Xie had planned to marry him and put on heavy mourning clothes for him, and all the existing prostitutes mourned for him. At the funeral, all the prostitutes in Tokyo came and half the city mourned. This is the story of "alloy burial of Liu Qi and prostitutes". Xie was sad for Liu Lang and died two months later. Miss Chen and others miss her and bury her next to Liu Yong's tomb. Liu Yong, the editor's hometown of this paragraph, was born in Rencheng County, Jeju, Jingdong West Road (987). From the first year of Chunhua (990) to the third year of Chunhua (992), Liu Yong's father Liu Yitong sentenced Quanzhou. According to the official system of the Song Dynasty, he was not allowed to bring his family. In desperation, he had to take his wife and son Liu Yong back to their hometown in Chong 'an, Fujian, and asked his stepmother Liu Yong's stepgrandmother to adopt them. It was not until the first year of Daoguang (995) that he returned to Bianjing. Therefore, from the age of four to nine, Liu Yong spent his childhood in his hometown of Chong 'an. After that, Liu Yong never had a chance to return to Chong 'an. The poem Zhongfeng Temple recorded in the Annals of Jianning written by Zhongfeng Temple in Chong 'an was written by Liu Yong as a child, and can also be called a child prodigy. Liu Yong is a native of Chongan Wu Fuli (now Chajing Village, Shangmei Township, Wuyishan City, Nanping City, Fujian Province), where lotus flowers are planted. In front of his house, there is a huge white elephant and the beautiful scenery of Zhong Ling. The cultivation of Ji shaped Liu Yong's free and easy life feelings and short life experience, so that he never came back after leaving home. That beautiful hometown, that beautiful place. In Wuyishan, a world natural and cultural heritage site, there is a Liu Yong Memorial Hall and a 2-meter-high bronze statue of Liu Yong in the middle section of Wuyi Palace Ancient Street in the scenic spot. Editor's Note of Funeral before and after Liu Yong's death According to Volume 36 of Ming Wanli Zhenjiang Annals, Liu Yong was buried at the foot of Gu Beishan until Wang Anli knew Runzhou. However, literary historians have been vague after checking the information. After the Song Dynasty, there were also different opinions. To sum up, there are four theories: one is the theory of burial in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Song holds this view, and hopes that Yu Fang Sheng Lan records that Liu Yong died in Xiangyang. On the day of his death, there was no money at home, and a group of prostitutes were buried outside the south gate. Going to the grave every spring is called "hanging Liu Qi", also called "going to the romantic tomb". It has gradually formed a custom that people who have not joined the "Liudiaohui" and "Romantic Tomb" are afraid to go for an outing in Lian Le Garden Scenic Area. This custom continued until the Song Dynasty moved south. Later generations have a poem "Cloud of Liu Yong's Tomb": Go to the scenic spot of Leyuan Garden to be a prostitute like a cloud, and go to the seven graves of Romantic Willow. It is ridiculous that the gentry are chased one after another, and the pity is not as good as the red dress. Second, Huashan burial in Zaoyang, Hubei. Song Zeng Chen Da (Minhang) and Chen Yuan lyna hold this view. There is a record in Du Xing magazine: "Qi Qing's tomb is in Huashan, Zaoyang County. Every year, Qingming poets gather under the tree to weeping willows." Chen also wrote in "Guang Ji at the Age of Years": "Tibetan monks leave their remains, and prostitutes in western Beijing are buried in Huashan County. Later, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, tourists often drank from graves, which was called "Hanging Willow Seven". "Zaoyang County Records" records: "The tomb of Liu Yiqing (that is, Liu Yong), a poet of the Song Dynasty, is in Huashan, Xinglong Town". It is said that Liu Yong traveled to Zaoyang in his later years, accompanied by musicians and geisha, and made a living by composing music and lyrics. Later, he died in Xinglong area of Zaoyang, and geisha pooled their money to bury him on Huashan Mountain, 3 kilometers northwest of Xinglong Town. Third, the death of Jingkou, the burial of Beigushan or Yinshan. Ye Song Meng De (Shao Yun) holds this view. Ye recorded in "Summer Record": Liu Yong "finally settled in a foreign country and became a foreign minister. He died and went to a temple in Runzhou. Wang was punctual and asked for the next time in order to pay for the burial. "Where exactly did Wang Ho-fu bury Liu Yong? Ye Mengde, you're welcome. It is said that there is an extinct tomb of Liu Yong at the foot of Gubei Mountain. However, the Records of Dantu County written by Zheng De in Ming Dynasty recorded that Liu Yong's tomb in Tuntianlang was under the Tushan (Dantu), and the Records of Zhenjiang in Wanli not only recorded the same record, but also recorded some contents of Liu Yong's epitaph [1] found under the Tushan. Jiang Zhi, Shunzhi Town, written by Yu Xilu, a Zhenjiang scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, says in seven volumes: "Tushan is at the mouth of Xijiang River in the county, and the custom is to establish Tushan (Yu Xishi:' Tushan Jingkou Jun'). It used to belong to Garlic Mountain, but now it is renamed Yinshan. "However, Beigushan has been very famous since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and people don't call it' Tushan'. It can be seen that the "Earth Mountain" where Liu Yong's tomb is located is the "Yinshan Mountain" (there is still a place called Yinshanmen under the fifty-third slope of Zhenjiang today), which is the part north of Yuntai Mountain, not Beigushan Mountain. Zhao Yanyu, a poet in Zhenjiang in Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "Pipa Yin" and hung it in front of Liu Yong's tomb. At the beginning of the last paragraph, he said, "The west smells like grass, so it is difficult to ask. My hometown is Qingming. "There are words like' Spring goes to spring, and the grave is destroyed'; In the next paragraph, there is "only in the depths of the earth mountain can the monument of Wang Lang be recorded" (referring to the remains of Liu Yong's tomb). It can be seen that the "Tushan" where Liu Yong's tomb is located is close to the "Western Jin Dynasty" (that is, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty). This word is not only circumstantial evidence that Liu Yong's tomb is under the "earth mountain", but also proof that "earth mountain" is "yin mountain". Ye Mingfeng, a textual research scholar in Qing Dynasty, also supported the theory of burying Zhenjiang in Qiaoxi Magazine. Liu Yong's hometown is Chong 'an, Fujian, and he also supports the theory of burying Zhenjiang. On a rectangular stone next to the bronze statue of Liu Yong in Liu Yong Memorial Hall, the words "Liu Yong's tomb returns to his hometown" are engraved, and there are several lines of inscriptions below: "In September 2004, when the new Liu Yong Memorial Hall in Wuyishan was completed, Liu Yong's tomb was moved here from Beigushan in Zhenjiang. A thousand-year-old wanderer returns to his hometown today, and a pronoun returns to his hometown. "Fourth, burial just said. Wang Qing Shi Zhecun (Yu Yang) holds this view. However, Wang Shizhen mentioned in "Parting Gan Yu Hua": "According to legend, he died in Jingkou and was buried by the king. Today, there is a tomb of Liu in Yizheng cactus, but it is buried in Runzhou. "Yizheng was called Zhou Zhen in ancient times, and the willow tomb is in Yizheng cactus. Wang Shizhen once again mentioned in "Zhou Zhen quatrains": "The spring scenery in Jiangxiang is the most pitiful, and cold food is pure and wants to ban smoking. The waning moon Xiaofeng Zhang Xianlu, who is the weeping willow wasteland? "Poetry and prose confirm each other, so you can't go wrong. However, some people suspect that there is no cactus in Yizheng suburb. I wonder what is the basis of Wang Shizhen's Tomb of the Willow in the Cactus? In the Ming Dynasty, "No Talk on the Records of Yizhen County, Qin Long" contained: "Liu Yiqing's Tomb is near Xupu County". In the Qing Dynasty, it was also recorded in the Tomb of Yangzhou Prefecture Records in Jiaqing: "The tomb of Liu Yiqing, the foreign minister of wasteland, is near Xupu, Xiqili, Yizheng County". Accordingly, Liu Yong's tomb is more credible in Yizheng Xupu. Because there was no biography of Liu Yong in the official history of the Song Dynasty, there was no record of Liu Yong in the collection of literati poems at that time, and even the date of birth and death of Liu Yong was inconclusive. Now the stories about his burial place are all from the notes of Song people and Qing people, which are recorded sporadically, and the rumors are different, which is even more difficult to draw a conclusion. This is also the poet's sorrow! But change the way of thinking: this is also the honor of the poet, so that people in more places can remember him and care about him! Luck and misfortune are all in one thought!