Propagation methods and cultivation techniques of Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Propagation method of Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Select seeds
Select the mother tree with strong growth, no pests and diseases and good quality of pepper as the planting tree. Seeds of edible Zanthoxylum bungeanum were harvested about 7 days after harvesting, and dried immediately after harvesting. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed coat is hard and rich in oil. If not treated in time, it will seriously affect the germination rate and germination potential of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds. There are two common seed treatment methods: cow dung mixing method and soaking method. Cow dung mixing method is to mix cow dung and pepper seeds evenly according to the ratio of 4: 1, and then spread them on the ground to dry. The spreading thickness should be controlled below 8 cm to ensure the seeds to receive light evenly. The soaking method is to pour the seeds into a container filled with hot boiling water, stir the seeds in the water continuously with a stirring rod, when the water temperature drops to about 50℃, add washing powder according to the ratio of 1 kg water to 5 ml washing powder, soak for 12 hours, then repeat the above operations, and finally wash the seeds repeatedly with clear water.
grow seedlings
Choose sandy land with fertile soil, good drainage, abundant water, a certain slope and sunny and leeward as nursery land. After selecting the seedling plot, it is necessary to turn over the soil once, and combine with turning over the soil, apply 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer every 667 square meters to improve the survival rate of pepper seedlings. Sowing can be carried out in spring or autumn, and drilling is usually used. The depth of the sowing ditch is usually 5 cm, the sowing amount is 8 to 10 kg per 667 square meters, and the seed spacing is about 25 cm. After sowing, cover with a layer of fine soil of 2 cm, and then water it effectively, with the soil surface wet as the degree. After sowing 15 days, the seeds can emerge one after another, and it is advisable to fix the seedlings at one time after all the seedlings emerge, so as to keep the seedling spacing at about 10 cm.
cultivation techniques
operate
Reasonable thinning: the thinning of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly in winter, supplemented by summer. In summer, the angle of branches is adjusted by pulling, pressing and falling, so as to improve the light transmittance inside the crown. At the same time, the side branches over 50 cm in length should be cored to promote flowering and fruiting. In winter, pests and diseases, twigs, over-dense branches, cross branches and long branches are mainly removed to improve the internal environment of the crown and prevent the fruiting parts from moving out.
Fertilization management: Zanthoxylum bungeanum fertilization is mainly divided into base fertilizer and topdressing. The role of base fertilizer is to promote flower bud differentiation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, improve leaf photosynthesis, restore tree vigor, and lay the foundation for high yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the next year. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Generally, after clearing the garden in autumn, a ditch with a depth of 40 cm is opened at the drip line of the tree crown. Young trees are applied with 5 ~ 10 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.3 kg of calcium superphosphate, 20 ~ 30 kg of organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate 1 kg of adult trees, and then the ditch is covered with soil. Topdressing is usually carried out during the fruit expansion period. Topdressing with urea and calcium superphosphate at the dosage of 0.3g and 1kg/ plant can not only effectively promote the growth of new shoots, but also improve the fruit setting rate and increase the ear size.
Water management: The water management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be divided into four main periods: frozen water, budding water, water after flowering and water before autumn. Pouring frozen water once in winter during dormancy of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can meet the water demand of plants during dormancy and reduce the occurrence of freezing injury. Germination water is generally watered in March, and it is advisable to irrigate with small water to avoid lowering the ground temperature. Irrigation at fruit-setting stage after flowering can effectively promote the yield and income of pepper. Irrigation before autumn after fruit picking can promote the storage of energy in trees.