This question has two parts. As for the first part, "who is greater", it depends on how you define greatness. From the perspective of achievements, the Romans established a vast empire. Although it was later split into two halves, East and West, it lasted for thousands of years and was naturally greater than Greece. But from a cultural and ideological perspective, we must first make it clear A historical fact is that Roman culture, especially after its expansion, was based on Hellenistic culture, especially elite culture, not to mention the influence of Greek philosophy and political thought on modern society. In this respect, Greece is naturally greater than Rome. The back-lobe question "who contributed more to European civilization" is not, strictly speaking, a question that can be answered clearly. Because it is not as simple as simply listing the achievements of the two civilizations and distributing them like potatoes. History is inherited successively. Take, for example, the question of Christianity. Christianity was founded in Rome, but without the injection and reinterpretation of Greek philosophy, Christianity could not have become the state religion accepted by the Roman rulers. For a period of time, there was an argument that emphasized the contribution of Greek philosophy and political thought to modern times. However, this connection actually proved to be relatively indirect and distant. It is difficult to use this as an argument to prove that Greece had more influence on modern civilization than later Rome. An incredible contribution.