Recently, while cleaning the room, I found an old book. Dust it off and identify it carefully. It turned out to be the historical records of Sima Qian, the Tai Shi Gong. It's not that rare ancient book, but the one I bought at the stall. Although it was a vertical script, I loved literature at that time and pretended to be a literary lover, so I bought it back. In fact, I didn't look at it carefully for a few times, so I was crushed at the bottom of the box.
His book is mottled and broken, and he can't remember when it was pressed at the bottom of the box. I watch it when I have nothing to do in my spare time. However, I read a different feeling. In Taibai's words, people live all their lives. Some people are as humble as dust, while others are as lofty as mountains. What can they say?
The humiliation of living is the greatness of death.
Sima Qian, Tai Shigong, was born in Longmen, a historian and essayist in the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years, roaming around, understanding customs and collecting rumors. As a first-time doctor, he served in the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108), he was appointed as the Taishiling, inherited his father's business and wrote history. He was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat.
Sima Qian-when studying the relationship between heaven and man, we can learn from the changes of ancient and modern times and become a family statement.
As can be seen from his resume in the first half of his life, this is a favored son with unlimited future. Learning from his contemporaries and traveling widely, he became a doctor in his twenties, that is, the emperor's retinue officer, which was basically a leap. Perhaps the first half of his life was so smooth that the second half of his life was so difficult.
Speaking of Sima Qian, I have to talk about Li Ling, the grandson of General Li Guang. This name is the person who influenced Sima Qian's life. Without him, Sima Qian might be as high-ranking as his father, but the biggest cruelty in history is that there is no if in history.
In the second year of Tianhan, the second division rode out of Jiuquan with 30,000 troops and attacked the right king of Tianshan Mountain. Taking 5,000 infantry as a partial teacher, Li Ling entered the imperial court and went up to find Chicken Mountain, keeping pace with the pace. He rode around the mausoleum with 30,000 troops, fought for a few days, and was exhausted.
The defeat of Li Ling was a great shame in the Han Dynasty. At the imperial court, everyone said that Li Ling was unfaithful and unfilial. Only Sima Qian braved public anger and bravely stood up and said:
Mausoleum filial piety to scholars, often died for the country, regardless of everything. Its stock is also accumulated, with the wind of a national scholar. The minister who protects his wife with his whole body is short-lived, which is really unfortunate and really hurtful! Moreover, there are less than 5,000 soldiers in the mausoleum, and the land of the military is deep, and tens of thousands of troops have been suppressed. Lu couldn't heal the wounded and rescue the dying, and the archer was attacked. Fighting thousands of miles, the arrows are exhausted, people are empty-handed, taking the white blade, and fighting the enemy in the first battle in the north is the mortal strength of people. Although the ancient generals were so much. Although the body is defeated, what it destroys is enough to be violent to the world. If he doesn't die, he should want to repay Han well.
As a result, he was accused of "wanting to be a teacher and lobbying for Ling". The crime of false negligence is a crime of disrespect and should be beheaded according to law.
It's even harder to live when you're dead
Sima Qian had a hard time on death row. No one knows what kind of ideological struggle he experienced from the favored son of heaven to the death row in prison. Perhaps it is the filial piety entrusted by my father when he died, or perhaps it is the regret of the failure of Historical Records to "study heaven and man and know the changes of ancient and modern times". More than three thousand years have passed, and it is still the state of mind at that time. Gu Yue once took photos of modern people, but now he laments at that time. Perhaps our generation can only get a glimpse from his letter to his friends, Bao Ren An:
Up to Xuanyuan, down to here, there are ten tables, twelve biographies, eight chapters, thirty aristocratic families and seventy biographies, with 130 articles. I also want to know about the changes of ancient and modern times and become a scholar who studies heaven and man. If grass is not planted, it will suffer. If it fails, it will be executed without shame.
"On the occasion of the study of heaven and man, we can learn from the changes of ancient and modern times and become a family statement." What can a heroic person say? It's easier to die than to live. On death row, Tai Shigong chose the most husbands and the hardest road for her husband and was redeemed by corruption. Corruption is the punishment of removing humanity. This punishment, this choice, for Sima Qian, is tantamount to physical death. Since then, the arrogant Sima Qian has died. At that time, there was only one Taishi Gong who wanted to write "The swan song of a historian, leaving Sao without rhyme".
In another place, we might have made such a decision under Tai Shigong's circumstances at that time. To be fair, it is impossible for many people to seek Tao and die at dusk.
Tai Shigong-Undemocratic Death Penalty
But I think Tai Shigong, who suffered from corruption, is not so easy, because since he chose to suffer from corruption, he has never visited his parents' graves.
Historians sing a swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme
Historical Records is the first biographical general history in the history of China. It is a historical book written by Sima Qian after he was released from prison for corruption. It took decades to write. Historical records 12, tables 10, 8 books, 30 aristocratic families, 70 biographies and * * * books 130. The book has a history of more than 3,000 years, from the ancient Xuanyuan family to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
The biographical general history adopted in Historical Records has become a special record of the official history of later generations, among which
Chapter 12: Record the achievements of emperors in past dynasties.
Thirty Families: Remember the rise and fall of princes and nobles in the vassal states and the Han Dynasty.
Seventy biographies: remember the words and deeds of important people, mainly about people and ministers, and the last one is a preface.
Ten tables: chronology of major events.
Eight Books: Record various laws and regulations, such as ceremony, music, rhythm, calendar, astronomy, meditation, water conservancy and financial use.
In ancient China, history books did not actually have their own independent status. Before Historical Records, they all belonged to the category of Confucian classics. Since the publication of Historical Records, more and more specialized historical works have been produced by later generations, until Xun Xu in the Western Jin Dynasty divided the ancient books into four parts: Part A, Six Arts Primary School, Part B, The Art of War, Part C, Historical Records, and Part D, Poetry. As a result, historiography has achieved an independent position in the academic field of China, and this achievement should be attributed to Sima Qian, the Taishi Duke, and his Historical Records.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu called Sima Qian's Historical Records literal, and its core was not empty beauty, so it was called a record. This should be the most appropriate and pertinent evaluation of Historical Records.
Historical Records had a wide and far-reaching influence on China's ancient novels, dramas, biographies and essays. In narrative techniques, character types and description.
In the narrative technique, it is developed in the form of biography, with the beginning and end of biographies, always taking the life of the characters as the context, and the plot is developed in strict chronological order, and there are often direct comments from the author. All these important features mainly come from historical records.
In the aspect of character types and descriptions, the characters are classified by the method of "meeting", that is, highlighting some main characteristics of characters, and comparing different characters and making up details. This technique was used in official history writing, anecdotes, novels, plays and other types of writing in the following thousands of years, which also confirmed the value of this book for thousands of years.
The reason why Historical Records is called "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme" is not only because of its narrative technique, but also because it records thousands of years and has buried amazing talents in the ups and downs of history. Through the pen of Taishigong's history and the amazing talents in that history, it has come to everyone who reads Historical Records from history one by one.
In the history of China, there was a battlefield with swords and shadows, unrestrained heroism, whispering swan songs and strategizing all over the world, which still had a profound and far-reaching impact on our generation for thousands of years. These cultural heritages were passed down through historical books.
From this point of view, A Record of Taishigong is just the words of the sages, thinking that later historians are the first works. After such humiliation, Sima Qian can still write such an eternal history. I have to say that both Sima Qian's Historical Records and Historical Records have made Tai Shigong a success.
Years and centuries in historical records
A husband can't eat five ding, but he will cook five ding even if he dies! I was dying, so I did it violently.
It means: it doesn't matter if a gentleman wants to pursue wealth in this world, as long as he can live a life of eating and drinking (the life of the royal family) and endure the punishment of cooking and dying. Finally, I have today's status, and I would rather do the opposite.
According to historical records, Yan's father is also Qi Linzi. Learning vertical and horizontal skills, the later stage is to learn easy, spring and autumn hundred words to learn.
Zhufuyan is a native of Linzi, Qi. He studied vertical and horizontal techniques in his early years, and later he studied Confucian classics and easy to learn, forming his own 100 words. He wanted to develop in Qi, but the land of Qilu has always been the way of Confucius and Mencius. Zhu Fuyan, who studied vertical and horizontal skills, was naturally excluded by Confucian scholars in Qi State, so he traveled to the northern vassal States such as Yan, Zhao and Zhongshan, but he was not treated with courtesy. In the first year of Yuanguang (before 134), Zhufuyan arrived in Chang 'an. After writing directly to Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, he was summoned on the same day and became a doctor with Xu Le and Yan 'an. Soon after, he turned to be a teacher, a Chinese doctor and a Chinese medicine practitioner. Promoted four times a year, appointed by Emperor Wu. And put forward the political proposition of "great unification" to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
At this time, his father Yan and the DPRK ministers paid bribes to him in succession. Someone advised him to say, "You have gone too far! It is easy to be countered. "
Strict father said: I have been studying abroad for more than 40 years since I was a child, so my parents don't regard me as a son, my brothers and friends refuse to take me in, and other guests leave me under the general's door. I've been in trouble for too long. Now that I have the power, I am willing to take a knife in the court for the sake of prosperity!
That is, a husband can't eat five pots, and death is five pots to cook his ears! I was dying, so I did it violently.
Because of this, in the second year of Yuan Shuo (BC 127), Zhu was worshipped as Qi Xianggong, exposed the rape case, and then deliberately leaked it to the latter, who was afraid and committed suicide. After the death of the King of Qi, the King of Zhao was very nervous. At that time, Zhufuyan was looking forward to knowing something outside the law of Zhao Wang. The prince of Zhao decided to strike first and let people report that he had accepted bribes from princes. Emperor Wu was furious and ordered the arrest of Zhufuyan. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't want to kill Zhu, but Gong, the ancient imperial doctor at that time, persuaded Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to kill him and was finally killed by the imperial clan. The ministers in the DPRK are very scared, because Zhu likes to expose other people's privacy, and they are all hitting people when they are down. Zhu had thousands of guests before his death, but no one came to collect the body after his death, only Yan was buried empty.
Tai Shigong wrote in Historical Records: Father is in the Tao, everyone praises him, his name is ruined, and scholars argue for his evil. Sad husband!
When Zhufuyan was a pet, he was praised everywhere. After his reputation declined, everyone scrambled to increase his notoriety. This world!
The world has not changed for a thousand years.
A scholar dies as a bosom friend, but a woman enjoys herself.
It is a well-known saying that "a scholar dies for a bosom friend, and a woman is a bosom friend." The general meaning of this sentence is:
Men will sacrifice for those who know and appreciate themselves;
A woman will dress up for someone who likes herself or someone she likes.
However, most people may not think that this eternal swan song actually came from the mouth of an assassin more than 2,000 years ago. His name is Yu Jean, and his experience is very rare compared with that of Jing Ke.
About 2500 years ago, Yu Rang lived in the State of Jin. At that time, the state of Jin was controlled by six families, namely Fan, BOC, Zhi, Han, Zhao and Wei, which were collectively called "Jin Liuqing".
Yu rang was originally fann's retainer. Yu Rang is ambitious, ambitious and bent on serving his master with what he has learned all his life, but Fan doesn't value Yu Rang's ability. Although Yu Rang has worked under Fan for many years, he has never entered the core team of Fan.
Jade let feel there is no point in staying in Fan's house, so she transferred to Bank of China, which is related to Fan by marriage. However, in the camp of Bank of China, he felt more difficult. In addition to not being reused by master Yin Zhongyin, other ministers of the Bank of China family were jealous of Jean's talent and pushed him out of the circle. In desperation, Jade Rang had to find a new owner and moved to Zhishi's house.
In the initial period of the Zhi family, Yurang was as unknown as in the past. He thought it would be like this all his life until he died. However, just when Jade Jean was almost desperate, fate reached out to him. After the third generation of Zhengqing Zhibo of Shi Zhi family came to power, they attached great importance to Yu Rang's talent. He made Yu his confidant, retainer and important staff. Whenever he encounters an indecisive problem, he will consult with Yu Rang first.
Jade let finally feel that his hero has a place to use.
At that time, the Zhi family monopolized power, and several other Qingdafu families were afraid to confront Zhi. Zhi Bo is ambitious, contemplating how to swallow the power of several other big families every day. It stands to reason that Yurang should have a bright future in the camp with a strong side. However, something unexpected happened. Zhi Bo was suddenly attacked by Korea, Zhao and Wei in the war with the Zhao family. As a result, Zhizhi's army turned from victory to defeat and was wiped out overnight. Zhi Bo himself was beheaded in the disorderly army, and the Zhi family perished.
Later, the leader of Zhao hated Zhi Bo so much that he made Zhi Bo's head into a wine vessel.
After the demise of the Zhi family, all the ministers and guests were scattered. However, after Yu rang fled into the mountains, he did not intend to live in seclusion. He has always been grateful for Zhi Bo's kindness in receiving him, but he also regrets that he failed to put forward effective suggestions in time to prevent the disaster.
He decided to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi, who made Zhi Bo's head into wine, to repay his master's kindness.
Yu Rang changed his name and surname, disguised as a tortured slave, and sneaked into Zhao Xiangzi Palace to repair the toilet. After several days of waiting, Jade Jean finally seized the opportunity for Zhao Xiangzi to enter the toilet alone.
However, Zhao Xiangzi is also a seasoned veteran. He saw that the dresser was handsome and didn't look like a slave who had been severely punished, so he asked the guards to surround Yurang and ordered a search. As a result, the guards found a sharp dagger on Yu. Zhao Xiangzi you see only to find that this man is Yu rang. Zhao Xiangzi asked Yurang what he wanted, and Yurang replied without fear: "I want to avenge Zhi Bo!" Guards have drawn their swords, intending to give jade to the spot. Unexpectedly, Zhao Xiangzi said, "This man is an upright man. It's a pity to kill him. I'd better be careful myself. " So he let Yurang go.
It can be said that the assassination failed and almost lost his life. Yu Rang deserves Zhi Bo's kindness to meet him, but he thinks it is not enough.
He repeatedly summed up the experience of the last failure, and finally concluded that Zhao Xiangzi could see through it at a glance, mainly because he didn't pretend to be like this. Zhao Xiangzi is a child prodigy, and it's hard to escape under his nose. Therefore, Yurang decided that the only way to avoid being caught was to pretend to do it.
Jade smeared herself with fat and powder, making her skin fester and sore, and swallowing charcoal made her voice hoarse. After some self-abandonment, even his wife didn't recognize him, and Yu felt quite safe. So he became a beggar and spent a long time on a bridge outside Zhao Xiangzi Palace.
One day, Zhao Xiangzi went out. When crossing the bridge deck, Zhao Xiangzi's horse suddenly screamed in horror. Zhao Xiangzi felt that something was wrong, so he asked his men to search nearby. As a result, he caught Jade Jean who was ready to assassinate him under the bridge. I haven't seen Yurang in just a few months, but Zhao Xiangzi was surprised by his appearance change. He asked in a reproachful tone, "You worked for Fan and BOC, and later you were ruined by Zhi Bo. Don't avenge Fan and BOC. I destroyed Zhi Bo, why are you so persistent in seeking revenge? " Yu Rang said, "Fan and Bank of China treat me like all the ministers, and I will repay them in the same way as all the ministers. Zhi Bo has treated me like a national, and I will repay you with a national. You treat me like a national, and I'll pay you back like a national. ) "Zhao Xiangzi was very moved by Yu Rang's words, but he was worried that Yu Rang would continue to assassinate him.
Just as he was hesitating, Yurang added, "A wise monarch does not hide the beauty of others, but a loyal minister means death. Today's assassination failed, and I am willing to punish. But before I die, I have a request. I hope you can give me your clothes. When I stabbed my clothes with my sword, I thought I had stabbed them, although I didn't regret it. " Zhao Xiangzi agreed to Yu Rang's request. Jade asked the sword to draw three strokes on Zhao Xiangzi's clothes, and then said, "A scholar dies for a bosom friend, and a woman looks after herself. Now I can repay Zhi Bo for meeting him! "
As soon as his voice fell, he drew his sword and committed suicide.
A scholar dies as a bosom friend, and a woman is her lover.
Reading this sentence again will make me feel different.
Historical Records vividly depicts all kinds of life described by Tai Shigong, whether loyal or treacherous, virtuous or tyrannical, king or pitiful, chic or humble. Even today, more than two thousand years later, we can still read about the world at that time and the reincarnation of all kinds of beings.
Historical records-historians' poetry and fu, without rhyme, Li Sao.
Writing here, just at midnight, I wrote it down in a hurry. I don't know what I dreamed tonight, but I may have seen what Sima Qian described, and the years have passed.