Autumn, no matter where, is always good; However, the autumn in the north is particularly clear, quiet and sad. The reason why I rushed from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and even from Qingdao to Peiping, is to taste this "autumn", the autumn taste of this old capital.
Jiangnan, of course, there is autumn; But the grass is carved slowly, the air is moist, the sky is pale, and it often rains and windy; A person sandwiched between Suzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, or Xiamen, Hong Kong and Guangzhou can only feel a little cool in the past. The taste, color, artistic conception and posture of autumn are always insufficient, lacking in taste and enjoyment.
Autumn is not a famous flower, nor is it wine. Half-drunk is not suitable for enjoying autumn.
It has been nearly ten years since autumn in the north. Every autumn in the south, I always think of the reed flowers in Taoranting, the willow shadows in Diaoyutai, the insects in Xishan, the jathyapple in Yuquan and the bells in Tanzhe Temple.
Even if you don't go out in Beiping, you can rent a shabby house and live in the sea of people in the imperial city. Get up in the morning, make a bowl of strong tea and sit in the yard, you can see the high blue sky and hear the pigeons flying in the blue sky.
From the bottom of Sophora japonica leaves, counting a ray of sunshine leaking to the east, or quietly facing the blue morning glory like morning glory at the broken waist, you can naturally feel the breath of autumn. Speaking of morning glory.
I think blue or white is the best, followed by purple and black, and pink is the lowest. It is best to have a few sparse and slender autumn grasses as a foil at the bottom of the morning glory.
The locust tree in the northland is also an ornament that can remind people of Qiu Lai. Like flowers, but not flowers, they will spread all over the floor in the morning. When you step on it, there is no sound, no smell, only a little tiny and soft touch.
After sweeping the street in the shade, the silk pattern of the broom that fell on the dust looks exquisite and leisurely, and subconsciously feels a little lonely. The ancient dream that the world knows autumn is in these depths.
Qiu Chan's faint lingering sound is a specialty of the north; Because there are trees everywhere in Beiping and the houses are low, you can hear them singing everywhere. In the south, you have to go to the suburbs or the mountains to hear Qiu Chan's cry, which is like a cricket and a mouse in Beiping and a housefly that every household keeps at home.
And autumn rain. It seems that the autumn rain in the north is stranger, more delicious and more decent than that in the south.
Under the gloomy sky, a cool breeze suddenly came and it began to rain. Under a layer of rain, the clouds gradually rolled to the west, the sky turned blue again, and the sun appeared again; The author is an idle person in the city, wearing a thick green cloth, a jacket and a pipe. Standing under a bridge after the rain, when he meets an acquaintance, he will use a slow and leisurely tone and say with a sigh:
"Oh, it's so cold-""This word is pronounced very high and dragged on for a long time. )
"Isn't it? A layer of autumn rain is cold! "
When northerners read Chinese characters, they always look like layered characters, flat and even. This mispronounced ambiguity is just right.
When northerners come to Qiu Lai, fruit trees are also a wonder. The first is jujube; It will grow up in the corner, on the wall, beside the toilet and at the door of the kitchen. This is the heyday of autumn. Like olives and pigeon eggs, jujube trees show light green and yellow in thin oval leaves.
Jujube leaves fall, jujube is red, and northwest wind comes. Convenient North is a dusty world. Only dates, persimmons and grapes mature until the turn of July and August, which is a good day for clear autumn in the north and the best golden day of the year.
Some critics say that China's bachelor of arts, especially poets, are full of decadent colors, so there are many words praising autumn in China's poems.
But what about foreign poets? Although I don't read many foreign poems and essays, and I don't want to write bills for autumn poems and essays, if you look through the collections of poets in Britain, Germany, France and Italy, or the collections of poems and essays from various countries, you can always see a lot of praises and lamentations about autumn.
In the long pastoral poems or poems of the four seasons by famous great poets, the part about autumn is always the most exciting and interesting. It serves to show that sentient animals and interesting human beings always have the same deep, distant, severe and bleak feelings for autumn.
Not only a poet, but also a prisoner in prison. In autumn, I think I will definitely feel a kind of affection that I can't have. Autumn varies from person to person, let alone placement.
In China, there is an idiom of "autumn scholar" in the text, and there are very common autumn sounds of Ouyang Zi and red wall poems of Su Dongpo in the reader. I feel that the relationship between China literati and autumn is particularly deep, but the taste of autumn is particularly deep, especially the taste of autumn in China, which must be felt in the north.
Autumn in the south, of course, also has its unique places, such as the bright moon on the Twenty-four Bridges, the autumn tide in Qiantang River, the cool fog in Putuo Mountain, the residual lotus in Lizhi Bay and so on. , but the color is not strong and the aftertaste is not lasting. Compared with Qiu Lai in the north, it is like yellow rice wine and dry rice, porridge and steamed bread, bass and crabs, yellow dogs and camels.
Autumn, autumn in the north, if I can stay, I would like to exchange two-thirds of my life for one-third of my fraction.
Theme:
Patriotism is the main theme of autumn in the old capital. Autumn in the old capital contains deep affection for the old capital and country, arousing people's pursuit of beauty and love for the motherland.
Autumn in the Old Capital, written by Yu Dafu, a famous modern novelist, essayist, poet and revolutionary martyr in China, combines sadness and praise for autumn, with nostalgia and loneliness in autumn-this feeling is homesickness and love for national conditions; This lonely autumn is a portrayal of the author's mood at that time and a lament for the decline of the national fortune.
Extended data:
First, the creative background
1June, 926, Yu Dafu's son Long Er died of illness in Beijing. In addition, in the historical situation rolled up at the end of 19, the old capital of Beiping became more and more decadent. The tide of affection between a small family and a big country has soaked the bank of the soul, leaving a sad mark.
Yu Dafu moved from Shanghai to Hangzhou in April 1933 because of the white terrorist threat of the Kuomintang.
1July, 934, Yu Dafu went from Hangzhou to Beiping (now Beijing) via Qingdao. Autumn in the old capital was written in August 1934. Yu Dafu had only been in Beijing for four days.
Yu Dafu, a native of Zhejiang, has a deep attachment to his hometown after arriving in Beiping. In the author's mind, the sadness in autumn is essentially a feeling of life.
193 1 year, the "September 18th Incident" occurred and Japan occupied the whole northeast. 193265438+10, the Japanese army attacked Harbin special zone and captured Harbin on February 5.
1933 65438+ 10, the Japanese army deliberately made a Grenade explosion and took the opportunity to capture Shanhaiguan, the throat artery leading to Shanhaiguan in the northeast. On February 23rd, the Japanese army mobilized the 6th and 8th divisions of the Kwantung Army and some puppet troops * * * 65438+100000 to attack Jehol in three ways, and captured Chengde, the capital of Jehol, in less than10 day.
1935 65438+ 10 18 falsely claimed that the 29th Army of the Song Dynasty stationed in the Reza Border Region obstructed administration and demanded that the area east of Guyuan and north of the Great Wall in Chahar Province be designated as Jehol Province. Subsequently, they launched a series of attacks on 29 army, creating two "Chadong events" successively.
Beijing (now Beijing), the ancient capital of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, is in jeopardy. Although Yu Dafu lives in Hangzhou, which is far from Beiping, he will feel the crisis of state affairs.
So when he arrived in Beiping, he was hurt by the scenery and wrote Autumn in the Old Capital, which described the "sad" scene, revealed the "sad" feelings and expressed his attachment to the old capital. These are the shadows cast by the social situation in a specific era on the author's mind and the hidden pains left in his heart.
Second, the character information:
1, author profile
Yu Dafu (1896— 1945), formerly known as Yu Wen, was formerly known as Zhao Lian, a native of Fuyang, Zhejiang.
1965438+studied in Japan in September 2003, and was admitted to the Faculty of Medicine of Tokyo No.1 University in July the following year. Yu Dafu later abandoned medicine and joined literature. 192 1 June, he became one of the founders of Creative Society, and Yu Dafu was the editor-in-chief of the first issue of Creative Quarterly.
Yu Dafu is a famous novelist, essayist, poet and revolutionary martyr in modern China-the leader of the literary and art circles in the anti-aggression struggle against the enemy in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. 1952, the central people's government recognized Yu Dafu as a martyr of national liberation.
Yu Dafu's name was included in the first list of heroes of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression announced by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China. Yu Dafu is the author of The Complete Works of Duff, with seven volumes and nine diaries. Masterpieces: Sinking, Autumn in the Old Capital, etc.
2. Characteristics of literary creation stage
(1) Morning:
1920- 1933. In recent ten years, Yu Dafu has written twenty-six lyric essays and sixty or seventy essays, such as "Sinking" and "Dying in Silver Grey", which show his hopeful mood when he returned from Japan and his infinite disappointment after seeing the sad motherland, both his sentimental and pessimistic thinking about the future of the revolution and his impassioned cry for the revolution.
(2) In the medium term:
1933- 1938. This period is the low tide of Yu Dafu's thought. Because of the white terror of the Kuomintang, he embarked on the road of passive seclusion, pursuing a backward "celebrity" style and going in and out of mountains and rivers.
This fully exposed his weakness as a petty-bourgeois intellectual who came out of the old feudal camp-weakness and compromise. However, we should also see that he hated reality and didn't want to go with the flow before he fled.
(3) Later stage:
1938-1945.1938 In the spring, Yu Dafu participated in the anti-Japanese propaganda work in the Third Hall of the Political Department. He fought with a pen, wrote many political articles, and inspired people to fight with his enthusiastic voice.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Autumn in the Old Capital
Baidu encyclopedia-Yu Dafu