Du Fu had a rough life. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and a world cultural celebrity. He and Li Bai are also called "Du Li". Du Fu was the foreign minister of Zuo Shiyi and the proofreading department, so he was later called Du Gongbu. Good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with diverse styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu's distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous soldier in Jin Dynasty. The position that great-grandfather Du once held. Grandfather is Du, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He is a member of the board of directors and has his own autobiography. In his youth, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, met Li Bai twice and forged a profound friendship. Father Du Xian holds the position of Fengtianling.
Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson).
[Edit this paragraph] Du Fu's life
Du Fu, the grandson of the famous poet Du Fu, was born in a family with literary tradition. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. He was frustrated all his life and only worked as a small official such as Zuo Shiyi. Although later generations called it a "poet" and poetry a "history of poetry", it didn't get people's attention at that time in the Tang Dynasty. There is a poem "The Play is Six quatrains (Part II)" which is written about "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty": "Wang Yang and Luo Lu are contemporary, but they are frivolous; Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " Among them, there are many poets' self-comparisons. Du Fu's experience and poetry creation can be mainly divided into four periods:
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
The so-called "dissolute Zhao Qi, Qiu Ma is quite sober and crazy".
In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (at the age of 20), he began to roam in wuyue, returned to Luoyang five years later, and then Du Fu roamed Qi and Zhao. Later, I met Li Bai in Luoyang, and the two met and hated each other late, forming a profound friendship. Then I met Gao Shi, and the three of them traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to qi zhou. After breaking up, they met on East Road respectively. This is the last time that "Shi Xian" and "Shi Sheng" met.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Li, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, even told Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty that no one in the ruling and opposition parties was successful. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, dressing up the horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup of cold roast and hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, he got the position of right-back leading Cao Cao to join the army (mainly a small official guarding war weapons and treasury keys). During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
Third, the period of being trapped as a thief (45 to 48 years old)
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope and Love for the Head of the River. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of his advice, Shangshu was demoted to prime minister of joining the army. (Fang Shu is a typical intellectual, but unrealistic. He fought against the rebels and adopted the Spring and Autumn Array, which resulted in a crushing defeat. Du Fu began to tidy up Zuo's remains. He said Fang was innocent. He was angry and wanted to find fault. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
"Three officials": Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official; "Three Farewells": Wedding Farewells, Homelessness, Farewell to the Old and Welcome to the New.
Four, the southwest wandering period (48 to 58 years old)
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. After Yanwu filmed "Our Times" as a blog in Chengdu, Du Fu went to Yan and died. He drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to Hubei and Hunan, and died on the Xiangjiang River. During this period, his works include Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Broke the Straw Shed, Shuxiang, Yellow River Banks Recovered by the Imperial Army, Gordon, Moon Landing Building and many other famous works. One of the most famous poems is: "An De Wan Lou, all the poor people in the world are happy." And the "leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward" in "To the Top" is a swan song.
[Edit this paragraph] Personal influence
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of Han Yuefu's poetic style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, claimed to be young and old at night in his poems. He was born in Xiangyang (Gongxian County, Henan Province) to a landlord family and was a "non-commissioned officer". His grandfather Du was a famous poet in the era of Wu Zetian, and his father was Sima of Yanzhou and magistrate of Fengtian, so he also enjoyed the privilege of not paying taxes and refusing military service. But his life is very difficult.
He began to recite poems at the age of seven, and "reading thousands of books" and "secretly reading thousands of books" prepared sufficient conditions for his creation.
At the age of twenty, he started to travel south to wuyue and then to Zhao Qi. After ten years' intensive tour, he enjoyed the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, which not only enriched his life, but also broadened his vision and mind, which made his early poems have a strong romantic color.
In the fifth year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (746), 35-year-old Du Fu came to Chang 'an. The next year, he took the exam written by Tang Xuanzong. Because of the treacherous court official Li, none of the candidates were admitted. Since then, there is no way to make progress and live a humiliating life of "rich in the morning and fat at night". This also enabled him to see the sufferings of the lower class and the evils of the ruling class, and thus wrote realistic masterpieces such as Garage Shop, Two Roads, and Going to Fengxian to pay homage.
It was not until the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755) that he got the position of "a soldier Cao led by Wei" and was in charge of the armory warehouse. In the same year, "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, and Du Fu was visiting relatives in Fengxian (Pucheng, Shaanxi). In the second year, he settled down in Qiang Village, Fuxian County (Shaanxi Province) and went to Su Zong, who acceded to the throne in Lingwu (Gansu Province). On the way, he was captured by the rebels and taken to occupied Chang 'an, during which he witnessed the killing and looting atrocities of the rebels and the suffering of the people. It was not until April of the second year of Zhide (757) that he ventured to Fengxiang (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), the temporary residence of Su Zong, and was awarded the post of left editor. Soon after, because he saved Yu Fang Palace, he was demoted to join the army and served as the secretariat of Huazhou. Since then, he has been repeatedly denounced and has a deeper understanding of the sufferings of the people. The social reality he heard and witnessed provided materials for his creation of "Spring Watch", "Ai Jiang Tou", "Northern Expedition" and "Three Officials and Three Farewells", which made his poems reach the peak of realism.
"I am full of sadness and trouble because people travel far." In 759, he abandoned his official position, moved his family to the west and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of Yanwu and others, a thatched cottage was built on the banks of Huanhua River in the west of the city, which was called "Du Fu Caotang" or "Huanhuacao Hall" in history. Later, it was recommended by Yanwu as the festival capital, and the whole family lived in fengjie county, Sichuan. Two years later, I left fengjie county and moved around Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Tang Daizong Dali (770), the poet died on a boat in Xiangjiang River. In his last eleven years in southwest China, although he lived a different life, he wrote more than 1000 poems, such as Autumn Wind Broken Cottage, Yellow River Banks Recovered by Imperial Army, Autumn Prosperity, Sui Yanxing and so on.
[Edit this paragraph] Du Fu's thoughts
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, exposed and criticized the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and was even willing to make sacrifices to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Wang Yucheng, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190.
Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
[Edit this paragraph] Three officials and three points
"Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" are respectively Xin 'an officials, Shi Haoguan officials, Tongguan officials, seeing off relatives, resigning from the old days and being homeless, which are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of life sufferings, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.
Du Fu's Caotang, near Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu, is the residence of Du Fu after he arrived in Chengdu.
In the fourth year of Tang Dynasty (769), Du Fu entered Hunan from Hubei, climbed Yueyang Tower, swam Dongting Lake, went up Xiangjiang River and reached Leiyang, and died in April of the following year. According to the Biography of Old Tang Fu, Du Fu visited Yue Temple in Leiyang and was buried in Du Fu's tomb. "When the flood reached its peak, he was not allowed to eat for ten days. The county magistrate gave him beef and white wine, so he drank too much and died overnight."
On Historical Biography "The Biography of Du Fu in the New Tang Dynasty" Author: Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi are excerpted from "Yi Wen Zhi".
[Edit this paragraph] Du Fu Chronicle
7 12 Zong Rui taiji I (Xuanzong congenital I), Du Fu was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province.
7 17 Ding Si Xuanzong opened the first five years, and Du Fu was six years old. Taste Yancheng and watch Gong Sundaniang dance "Sword" and "Soul Tuo".
7 18 Wu Xuanzong Kaiyuan Six, Du Fu was seven years old. Initiate poetry.
In 720, Emperor Xuanzong of Geng Shen was eight years old, and Du Fu was nine years old. Start learning Chinese characters.
725 B ugly Xuanzong kaiyuan Yi San, Du Fu was fourteen years old. Zhuang You's poem says: "I studied for fourteen or fifteen years and traveled in the calligraphy world. I am gentle, Cui Wei is obedient, and I am like a monitor. Original note: Cui Zhengzhou Shang, Qi Xin, Wei Yuzhou.
726 Bing Yin Xuanzong Kaiyuan 14, Du Fu 15 years old. Prozac got together and said, "I remember when I was fifteen years old, I was as healthy as a yellow calf." Pear and jujube are ripe in August before the court, and the tree day can return to a thousand times. 」
In 730, Gengwu Xuanzong was in the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan, and Du Fu was nineteen years old. Swim to Jin, to yi county (now Yishan County, Shanxi Province), and from Wei Zhijin and Kouxi.
73 1 Wei Xin Xuanzong Kaiyuan Yijiu, Du Fu was twenty years old. Tour the five mountains.
In 732, Shen Xuanzong opened the century for twenty years, and Du Fu was twenty-one years old. Tour the five mountains.
733 Gui You Xuanzong Kaiyuan leap in March, Du Fu was twenty-two years old. Tour the five mountains.
734 jiaxu Xuanzong kaiyuan in 222, Du Fu was twenty-three years old. Tour the five mountains.
735 Yi Hai Xuanzong Kaiyuan leap in November, Du Fu was twenty-four years old. This is the first time to recruit scholars since wuyue returned to Dongdu.
736 Bingzi Xuanzong Kaiyuan 24, Du Fu 25 years old. Swim beside Zhao. Pay Su Yuanming.
737 Ding Chou Xuanzong Kaiyuan 25, Du Fu 26 years old. Swim beside Zhao.
738 Wu Yin Xuanzong Kaiyuan 26, Du Fu 27 years old. Swim beside Zhao.
In 739, Emperor Xuanzong of Ji Dynasty opened the new century in 27, and Du Fu was twenty-eight years old. Swim beside Zhao.
740 Chen Geng Xuanzong Kaiyuan Barr, Du Fu was twenty-nine years old. Swim beside Zhao.
74 1 Xinsi Xuanzong Kaiyuan 29, Du Fu 30 years old. Back to Du Dong. Build the Soul Village of Lu, and offer sacrifices to the distant ancestor Dangyang Jun at the Cold Food Festival.
742 Renwu Xuanzong Tianbao was a year old, and Du Fu was thirty-one years old. In Du Dong. Guwannian Jun died in Renfeng, Tokyo. In June, he was buried in Henan County as a public epitaph.
743 Guiwei Xuanzong Tianbao II, Du Fu is thirty-two years old. In Du Dong.
744 Shen Jia Xuanzong Tianbao was three years old, and Du Fu was thirty-three years old. In Du Dong. On the 5th, Grandmother Fanyang Taijun died in Chen Liuzhi's private residence. In August, Yan was buried as an epitaph. That summer, I met Li Bai for the first time in Dudong. In autumn, You Liang, Song, Li Bai and He Gao went to the podium to play the piano. I crossed the river and visited the King of Wu. I visited the Taoist Hua Gaijun, but he was already dead.
745 Yi You Xuanzong Tianbao IV, Du Fu was thirty-four years old. Swim together and land again. At that time, Li Zhifang was the Sima of qi zhou. In summer, Li Yong came to qi zhou from Beihai County, which was full of public interest and tourism, accompanied by Li Xiating and Heshan Lake Pavilion. It was like Linyi (qi zhou) for a while. After arriving in Yanzhou in autumn, Li Bai fled to Donglu. Travel with the public, love kindness and kiss. Gong presented Baishi, saying, "I'm also a guest from the East, and I feel sorry for you like a brother." The same is true of people who are drunk in autumn and walk hand in hand with the sun. Russia and workers went to the west, and there was a trip to Jiangdong in vain, but there was no day to meet each other at Shimen in the east of the city.
746 Xu Bingxuan lived in Tianbao leap in October, and Du Fu was thirty-five years old. Since Qi, Lu returned to Chang 'an. From Ruyang Wangfu and Hezheng.
747 Dinghai Xuanzong Tianbao Six, Du Fu was thirty-six years old. In Chang 'an.
748 five sons Xuanzong Tianbao seven, Du Fu thirty-seven. In Chang 'an. Repeatedly to Wei Ji's poems, asking for quotations. It's probably time to get engaged to calligrapher Gu Jiegang.
749 ugly Xuanzong Tianbao eight, Du Fu is thirty-eight years old. In Chang 'an. Go back to Dongdu in winter to visit Emperor Xuanyuan Temple and see the wall painted by Wu Daozi.
750 Geng Yin Xuanzong Tianbao nine years, Du Fu thirty-nine years old. Come to Chang' an I met Zheng Qian for the first time.
75 1 Xin Mao Xuanzong Tianbao 10, Du Fu is forty years old. In Chang 'an. Into three gifts. Xuanzong was strange and ordered him to be a sage collection. Autumn, malaria. My friend Wei Jun's visit in the rain was delayed by his autumn talk. After his illness, Wang Yizhi and Wang enjoyed the wine and thanked him for giving it as a song. That year, I lived in Dewey Building.
752 Ren Chen Xuanzong Tianbao XI, Du Fu was forty-one years old. In Chang 'an. Call a test article and send it to a company to participate in the selection sequence. In late spring, I temporarily returned to Du Dong. In winter, Gao Shi entered the DPRK with the Song Dynasty, and temporarily got together with others. If I don't go back, I'll give it to the public.
753 Guisi Xuanzong Tianbao Yier, Du Fu is 42 years old. In Chang 'an. The first summer, I went to General He's mountain with him. The second son, Zong Wuyue, was born this autumn.
Wu Jia Xuanzong Tianbao leap in November, Du Fu was 43 years old. In Chang 'an. Seal Xiyue House. Moved from Du Dong to Chang 'an and lived in the capital under Cheng Nan. Because there are autumn poems and Song poems, our special envoy is in Hexi. In the middle of the year, Zhang? After calling him back, he moved to Taiqing Palace and wrote a poem for help. Also into the carving fu, expressing benefits and sadness. After autumn, the rain was harmful to crops, the price was expensive, and the livelihood of the public was difficult, so I took my family to Fengxian and stayed at school.
755 b is not Xuanzong Tianbao 14 and An Lushan. Du Fu is forty-four years old. In Chang 'an. In the middle of the year, I went to Baishui County, where my uncle Cui stayed for nineteen years. In September, Cui was the first to serve. In October, he returned to Chang 'an, awarded Hexi Wei (the old city of Hexi County is in Hexi County, Yunnan Province), and instead of worshipping, he changed to Youwei to lead Cao to join the army. 1 1 month to visit his wife in Fengxian, and recite 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian. At the end of the year, I lost my young son.
In 756, the soldiers lived in Deyi (the fifteenth year of Tianbao in Xuanzong) and changed their name to Yuan in July. An Lushan is known as the Great Emperor Yan. Xuanzong went to Shu. Kill Yang and Yang Guifei. Du Fu is forty-five years old. At the beginning of the year, in Chang 'an. I arrived in Fengxian in May, went to Baishui with my family and lived in Gao Zhai of my uncle Cui Shaofu. In June, I took the road from Baishui to Huayuan and arrived in Yanzhou (now Jixian County, Shaanxi Province). In Tongjiawa, Sanchuan County, I lived with my old friend Sun Zaijia. When he heard about Su Zong and A Lingwu, he left his wife in Sanchuan, died there and ran away from Luziguan. On the way, I got it from a thief and went to Chang 'an. In September, Yu Chang 'an met the children of the imperial clan at the corner of the road, begging for his life as a slave, and mourning for the grandson of Wang.
In July 757, Ding Yousu went to Germany on August 2nd, and An Qingxu killed Lushan Mountain. Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan died in battle. Guo Ziyi to Tokyo. Shi Siming, etc. Du Fu is forty-six. In spring, I caught a thief. When I was in Chang 'an, I came from Zangong Hotel. In April, I fled from Jinguangmen and underpants to Fengxiang. On may 16, I left to pick up the plane. It is the month when the housing management offended and the public resisted the rescue. Su Zong was furious and ordered the third division to ask, but Zhang Gao, Wei Yan and others saved him and let him go. In June, Pei Jian and other four people recommended Cen Can. In August, the ink system was released to the country and province. So he went out of Fengxiang to Taizhou and only borrowed a horse from Li. Please go home sick for a few days. Carry out the northern expedition. In November, from Zhangzhou to the capital.
In 758, Emperor Yuan Yi (Zhi De San) changed to Yuan Yuan in February for one year. Shi Siming objected. Du Fu is 47 years old this year. Ren Zuo gleaned. In spring, Jia Zhi, Wang Wei and Cen Can are all remonstrating with the province. They sing * * *. At that time, Bi Yao was also in Beijing, living in Gong's neighbor's house. In April, Xuanzong enjoyed the Ninth Hall, and the public had to accompany him. In June, because Helan entered the Ming Dynasty, the general manager of the government was demoted to Yizhou secretariat. Take charge of the political party and join the army in Iowa. It was autumn, and I visited Cui Xingzong and Wang Wei in Lantian County. At the end of winter, I went back to the Shandong-Shandong mixed village and met Meng Yunqing in the east of the lake.
759 Ji Hai Su Zong Gan Yuaner, Shi Siming called the Prince. Du Fu is forty-eight years old. In spring, I returned to Huazhou (Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province) from the East, and made three farewell songs on the way. It was a famine in Guanfu. So he gave up his official position and went to the west in July. Dulong, go to Qin Zhou (Tianshui, Gansu). At that time, I dreamed of two poems by Li Bai, and gave Li Bai 20 rhymes at the end of the sky. There are also poems written by Gao Shi, Cen Can, Jia Zhi, Yanwu, Zheng Qian, Bi Yao, Xue Zhi and Zhang Biao. At that time, Zangong was still in exile in Qin Zhou, and he tasted the victory of Xizhi Village for Gonggong, because he made a plan to get rich. The thatched cottage was not built, so I went to Tonggu in October. The poems pass through Gu Chi, Tietang Gorge, Yanjing, Xia Han, Fajing Temple, Qingyang Gorge, Longmen Town, Shidong, Jicaoling, Nigong Mountain and Phoenix Terrace. Go to Tonggu and live in chestnut pavilion. Poverty is very beneficial, and it is self-sufficient to pick up oak chestnuts and dig yellow. I lived for less than a month and then went to Chengdu. 1 February1day on the road, passing through Mupiling, Baishadu, Feixian Pavilion, Shiguige, Jubaidu, Jianmen and Reuters Mountain. Arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year and lived in Huanhuaxi Temple. I stabbed Pengzhou when I was in high physical fitness. When I arrived in Chengdu, I sent a poem to ask.
760 Gengzi Su Zongshang (three years) changed yuan in April, and Du Fu was forty-nine years old. In Chengdu. In spring, Buju lives among the flowers in Xiguo. Cousins Wang 15 Sima Yijian, Xu Qing (suspected knowledge), Xiao Shi, He Yong and Wei Ban (should be nephews) planted fruit trees in Sanming House, which started at the beginning of the year and was completed. When Wei Yan lived in Shu, he tried to draw a wall for the public. In early autumn, I made a temporary trip to Xinjin and met Pei Di. I went to Zhou Shu in autumn night and met Gao Shi. In winter, return to Chengdu.
76 1 Xin Chou Su Zong Shang Yuaner, Shi Chaoyi killed Shi Siming. Du Fu is fifty years old. At the beginning of Jucaotang, I went to Xinjin. In February, I returned to Chengdu. In autumn, go to Qingcheng Mountain. Go back to Chengdu At that time, I was ill and had a hard life. Have the idea of moving to another place. In winter, when I arrived in Chengdu, I tasted the thatched cottage with Wang Lun and had another drink.
In July 762, Renyin Suzong Baoying changed to Yuan in April one year, Emperor and Xuanzong collapsed, and Prince Yu was in office. The poet Li Bai died (70 1-762). Du Fu is fifty-one. I have lived in a thatched cottage since spring in Zhixia. Very close to Yanwu's singing. There are gifts for fighting. In July, I sent Yanwu back to North Korea, took a boat to Mianzhou, went to Jiyi, went ashore and left him. I knew I was against it. I was in Zizhou. At the end of autumn, I went back to Chengdu to welcome my relatives, but I was quite interested in traveling to the east. 1 1 month, I went to Yujingguan, Shehong County, Jin Huashan, looking for the remains of Chen Ziang Reading Hall. He also visited Zi 'ang's hometown in Wu Shan, the northeast county. I visited Guo's former residence in Tongquan County, south of the city, and visited the Xue Ji painting and calligraphy wall of Qingshan Temple. Look at the cranes painted behind the wall of the county government.
In 763, Gui Maodai Zongguang Deyi (the second year of Baoying) was changed to Yuan in July, and Li Huaixian killed Shi Chaoyi in the first month. Du Fu is fifty-two years old. In the first month, I was on the banks of Zizhou and the Yellow River, which were recovered by the imperial army. I wanted to go back to the capital, but I wanted to go east to Wu Chu. I occasionally taste Langzhou (Langzhong, Sichuan) because I visited the temples in Niutou, Doulu and Yi Hui. I went back to Zizi, and I went to Mianzhou because I saw Mr. Xin off. From cotton to catalpa. Go to Hangzhou again. Summer, back to Zizhou. In early autumn, I bid farewell to catalpa and went to Langchang. In September, the housing management was sacrificed. At the end of autumn, I received a letter from home and learned that my daughter was ill because I was in a hurry to return to catalpa. 1 1 month, I will leave the canyon to travel to Wu Chu, so I ordered my brother to occupy Jiao Jiao Caotang in Chengdu.
Reading Du Fu's poems is always deeply infected by the gloomy poetic style and deeply shocked by the high patriotism and profound humanism rooted in reality in his works. For thousands of years, many literati have followed Du Fu's creative path. Wang Anshi, Lu You, Su Shi, Wen Tianxiang and others have a profound and comprehensive understanding of the spiritual essence in Du Fu's poems. Only by combining personal experience and life practice can they truly write a poet with a high degree of patriotism and a profound realistic portrayal, and then they can become a poet worthy of the great needs of the people of the motherland.
Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, his works had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature through the research of later generations. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his collection is Du Gongbu. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching. Du Fu's poems are simple, popular and realistic, but they are very skillful. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities.
When portraying characters, he is particularly good at grasping details, such as a passage about his wife and children in the Northern Expedition. Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but on the whole it can be summarized as depression and frustration. The cadence here refers to the deep meaning of the article, while the cadence refers to the ups and downs of feelings, tone and syllables. All these have established Du Fu's supreme position as a "poet saint" in China's literary history of more than 3,000 years. Du Fu Fu was called "Poet Saint" by later gods, known as Lao Du in the world, and called "Du Li" with Li Bai [sometimes called "Da Du Li" to distinguish it from "Xiao Du Li]], and he was a great realistic poet in the history of China literature. He died in leiyang city, and now Leiyang has Du Fu's Tomb, Du Gongbu Temple, Ling Du Bridge, Ling Du Academy and other sites, which are key cultural relics protection units in Hunan Province. Du Fu Park was established on the basis of Du Fu's hometown. Du Fu's last wish was to be buried in shouyangshan, but his second son, Zong Wu, was temporarily buried in Leiyang because of poverty. Forty-three years after his death, he was buried in shouyangshan, Yanshi, Luoyang, Henan Province, and Du Fu's tomb in shouyangshan. There are only more than 60 poems about Du Fu's Tomb and Duke Gong's Temple in the past dynasties, and there are also Du Fu's Caotang in Chengdu.
Du Fu had a rough life. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and a world cultural celebrity. He and Li Bai are also called "Du Li". Du Fu was the foreign minister of Zuo Shiyi and the proofreading department, so he was later called Du Gongbu. Good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with diverse styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu's distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous soldier in Jin Dynasty. The position that great-grandfather Du once held. Grandfather is Du, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He is a member of the board of directors and has his own autobiography. In his youth, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, met Li Bai twice and forged a profound friendship. Father Du Xian holds the position of Fengtianling.
Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson).