1. Qin and the Xiongnu: Meng Tian was sent to attack the Xiongnu in the north, captured the Hetao area, settled in the county, and built the Great Wall to prevent them from going south.
2. The Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu: ① Early Western Han Dynasty - "Marriage" and trade exchanges. Effect: Temporarily eased the relationship between Hungary and Han, but did not really eliminate the threat. ②The period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty - "War". During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty was powerful and launched a ten-year military counterattack against the Xiongnu. Among them, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led their troops to fight three wars with the Xiongnu. Effect: The Huns were severely damaged and forced to move to Mobei. After that, the focus of the competition between the two sides shifted to the west. ③ During the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty - "Marriage", Zhaojun went out of the fortress. Role: The relationship between Han and Hungary has been closer, economic and cultural exchanges have increased, and they have lived in harmony for more than 40 years. ④Early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty - the Xiongnu split. The southern Xiongnu mixed with the Han people and declared vassalage to the Han, while the northern Xiongnu retreated to Mobei and still threatened the Central Plains and the Western Regions. ⑤ Early Eastern Han Dynasty - "War", Dou Gu and Dou Xian successively attacked the Xiongnu. Function: The Northern Xiongnu regime collapsed, and the threat of the Northern Xiongnu to the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Regions was finally lifted.
3. The Han Dynasty and the Western Regions: ① Zhang Qian went on two missions to the Western Regions in 138 BC and 119 BC. Its significance is: Zhang Qian passed through the Western Regions and established friendly relations with other countries in the Western Regions, which expanded the influence of the Western Han Dynasty and strengthened the political connection between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions; after the smooth transportation of the Western Regions, the north and south areas of the Tianshan Mountains were integrated with the mainland for the first time; the Central Plains and the Western Regions were integrated The economic and cultural ties between regions even further afield are getting closer and closer. A large number of silk fabrics and metal tools from the Central Plains are transported westward, and iron casting technology and well canal methods are also spread to the Western Regions, which promotes the progress of society in the Western Regions; at the same time, grapes and pomegranates in the Western Regions The introduction of other crops to the hinterland enriched the material life of the Central Plains; the smooth Silk Road facilitated the gathering of several major European and Asian civilizations here. ②In 60 BC, Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty established the Protectorate of the Western Regions to manage the Western Regions and protect business travel. The establishment of the Protectorate of the Western Regions marked the beginning of the Western Regions officially coming under the central government. ③In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was unable to take care of the Western Regions, and the countries in the Western Regions were again controlled by the Xiongnu. ④ During the reign of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Chao managed the Western Regions and was appointed as the Protector of the Western Regions to administer the Western Regions.
4. The relationship between Qin, Han and Yue: ① Qin and Yue: Lingqu can be repaired; the Yue area was unified to establish three counties: Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangjun. ②The relationship between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Yue people: Nine counties including Nanhai were established in South Vietnam for effective management.
5. Qin, Han and Southwest Yi: ① Qin strengthened its rule over the southwest. ② During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, counties were successively established in the southwestern Yi region. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Yi people rebelled. ③At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the southwestern barbarians were re-integrated into the territory of the Han Dynasty.