If we only regard Li Shangyin as a sentimental poet, in my opinion, it is a misunderstanding of Li Shangyin. Although Li Shangyin was born in the era of social unrest in the late Tang Dynasty, from his life, his short life of 46 years spanned six emperors, namely Tang Xianzong, Tang Muzong, Tang Jingzong, Tang Wenzong, Tang Wuzong and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, showing the complexity of the times, and his prime was precisely hidden in the social separatist regime in the late Tang Dynasty. Under the political background of factional fighting, however, from the historical law, heroes come out of troubled times, and Long Yin is in a deep pool. At this time, isn't it a historical opportunity for ambitious men to make contributions and show their grand plans? It is said that Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, fled to the south of the Yangtze River in order to avoid the war in the north during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Later, he met a monk who knew the world well. The monk enlightened him and said, "My hero should learn from difficulties. The prosperous land in the south of the Yangtze River is rich and comfortable, but it is difficult to achieve the imperial career. Although there are frequent wars in the Central Plains, it is the place where strange people compete for hegemony. Look at your long gait, straight nose and big mouth. Why not lean and make achievements? " Zhao Kuangyin was deeply impressed, so he established the inheritance system and achieved the great cause of the Song Dynasty. This is another story.
On the surface, Li Shangyin was born at an untimely time, with close friends and traitors, and a bad political environment. On the other hand, he was born at the right time. Why should he learn from heaven and earth in times of peace and prosperity? In fact, Li Shangyin is not a master who specializes in the study of residual flower poems. /kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he became famous with two articles, On Talent and On Sacredness, which were highly appreciated by the literary leaders and court etiquette at that time, thus stepping into politics and making a name for himself.
"Party struggle in Niu Li" is a dark cloud that lingers in the late Tang Dynasty. Like the party struggle between reformists and conservatives in the late Northern Song Dynasty and between Yan Party and Party in the late Ming Dynasty, it has been criticized by historians. The two political factions headed by Niu Sangru and Li Deyu were even more tense in the political space of the late Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin, who was budding, fell into this huge political whirlpool when he first tried his hand in politics in the late Tang Dynasty. What greeted him was not a bright future of natural flowers and horseshoe disease, but an unexpected, involuntary and ill-fated bumpy course.
In 837 AD, when Li Shangyin was a scholar, his benefactor Ling Huchu died suddenly. Li Shangyin, who lost his dependence, left the Hu Ling family, defected to Wang Maoyuan, our time in Jingyuan, and married his daughter. On the surface, this is not inappropriate when the struggle between Niu and Li was far from reaching the extreme, but it will greatly increase Li Shangyin's political capital and network resources. Later, the twists and turns of things were unexpected The Hu Ling family gradually developed into the backbone of the Niu Party. Hu Ling Mao, the son of Ling Huchu, is an old friend of Li Shangyin. He is now the prime minister, and Yuan has developed into a faction of the Li Party. As a poet who has an independent consciousness and strives to maintain an independent position (this is the nature of most artists), Li Shangyin has no prejudice from his family and party. However, he had to bear the accusation that the Hu Ling family called him "ungrateful", and at the same time he had to bear and cope with all kinds of wooing from the Li Party. His inner bitterness can be imagined, although the poet tried his best to mend the relationship with his family, as he said in a poem he gave to Ling Hu 'an in the autumn of the fifth year of Huichang (845): Song and Shu were separated from each other for a long time, and two carp were far away. Don't ask the old guest of Liangyuan, Maoling is as sick as autumn rain (a word to Secretary Hu Ling). In his poem, the poet appropriately compared the relationship between them to the cloud in Songshan (the poet lived in Luoyang) and the tree in Qin Dynasty (Hu Ling Mao lived in Chang 'an as a doctor), and they met again after a long separation. I have received your letters all the way. Don't ask me how the old guests in Liangyuan are. I am like Sima Xiangru who was sick in the autumn rain in Maoling. The poet was an old guest of Hu Ling's family. The allusions of Liang Yuan and Sima Xiangru quoted here are sincere and thought-provoking. I've been wondering how Hu Ling felt when he read this letter. However, I haven't seen Hu Ling's reply to him, and I don't know if he has written back. But it is more likely that there is no reply. For most politicians, "act quickly and keep your word" is the golden rule.
For us, who are deeply immersed in the modern commercial society, it is really puzzling that Li Shangyin has retained so much power and network resources and has been reduced to the point of poverty. If history can be boldly assumed, we might as well arrange Li Shangyin's political choice. First, if he had resolutely defected to the Cattle Party and come down in one continuous line with the Hu Ling family at that time, he could have held a high position and held power, but the price he paid was that he would have to watch without conscience. Second, if he sticks to his political ideals and beliefs (Li Shangyin is actually inclined to the Li Party, only a little half-hearted) and completely defected to the Li Party, then he will not only bear the heavy cross of "ingratitude", but also be prepared for the unswerving blow to the Niu Party after Li Party takes office. Can he do it? There may be another hypothesis. What if Li Shangyin adopts a political strategy of riding a wall? This is a wonderful "tumbler" strategy. He can continue to be a close friend and old friend of the Prime Minister of the Niu Party, and at the same time, it will not affect his son-in-law to be a provincial and ministerial official of the Li Party. In this way, no matter whether the Niu Party or the Li Party comes to power, they can sit firmly on the Diaoyutai and sit high in the temple, instead of belittling the rivers and lakes. However, hypothesis can only be hypothesis after all, and idealistic poets exist for idealism after all. Otherwise, how could there be so many touching chapters that touched thousands of people and left them for future generations? In the final analysis, Li Shangyin chose an independent, self-responsible and self-saving road, but it was full of thorns and bumps. In the face of turbulent party struggle, he always maintained an independent, rational and detached position, and did not change his political views because of his emotional closeness, likes and dislikes. In the first year of Dazhong (AD 847), Li Shangyin paid a heavy price for his choice, and was forced to leave the imperial court, away from the capital, and began to live as a servant. His predicament and situation may only be "comparable" to that of Su Shi at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty 200 years later. Although Su Shi has different political views from Wang Anshi, he has a close personal relationship. So when Wang Anshi was on the stage, Su Shi was embarrassed.
Later generations mostly classified Li Shangyin's Jinse as a love poem with profound meaning, lingering feelings and mystery, while some textual research scholars excavated the emotional entanglements that Li Shangyin encountered at that time and that moment from the vast pile of ancient paper to prove such an era, and I prefer to think that it is a political fable poem, an expression of the poet's "vain and brilliant, never adhered to it in his life". In my opinion, this confusion and confusion is not unique to Li Shangyin, but a common state of China's political ecology for thousands of years. Why not name it Li Shangyin's Dilemma?
From 2004 to 2005, there was an embarrassing "dispute between Lang and Gu"
It seems to end with the imprisonment of one side and the silence of mainstream economists. Although this kind of debate is far from "party struggle", it can only be regarded as a debate similar to the "salt and iron theory" in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty and belongs to a specific policy line. However, in this dazzling debate, the online media is aggressive, the mainstream media is eloquent, and the pros and cons take turns to go into battle, and black powder appears. This movie and the netizens who actually murdered many journalists have spent a lot of precious time. The merits and demerits of the incident itself have their own opinions with the passage of time, which is far from being discussed in this paper. What impressed me the most was not here, but the "Li Shangyin dilemma" that mainstream economists generally encountered in the debate. This is a "dilemma" that all intellectuals can't avoid in a huge political and economic system.
Because they are more and more in the background of the combination of interest temptation and social class differentiation, you can't have both, and you can't have both. There is a huge gap between the so-called mainstream public opinion and the so-called non-mainstream public opinion. At the center of this whirlpool, they must label themselves appropriately, whether actively or passively, but in any case, once they are labeled, they will have the meaning of fixed symbols, unless they are more willing to enjoy the new "dilemma" brought about by their own choices like Li Shangyin, which Mr. Lang can't understand and appreciate anyway, because for them, they can only be regarded as bystanders in the process of this great change at most, not participants in the scene.
When we still remember Li Shangyin's moving poem Untitled Years, it was long before I met her, but long after we parted, the east wind rose and flowers fell, and the silkworms died, and the candles and tears were exhausted every night. Don't forget his sentence, "When Fang seeks the virtuous to visit the minister, Jia is even more incoherent, and he will be sad at midnight, not asking the people to ask ghosts and gods", not to mention his untitled words. The most precious realistic legacy that the scholar-bureaucrat class can give us is the spirit of "being humble and not afraid to forget the country". Some people say that Li Shangyin was the best lover and Cao Xueqin was the best woman in China for thousands of years. In fact, in my opinion, he is the only one who really understands politics and the "prisoner's dilemma".