farewell in the mountains
friend, I have watched you down the mountain, till now in the dark I close my thatch door.
grasses return again green in the spring, but O my Prince of Friends, do you??
This poem is the work of Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem is written to bid farewell to friends, expressing the feeling of reluctance to part with friends. The theme is very common, but the conception is original and unique. Its most striking feature is that it is not about the word "farewell", but about the actions and thoughts after the farewell, and expresses the feelings of the poet looking forward to being reunited with friends when the spring grass is green again in the coming year. The language of the whole poem is simple and natural, with deep and sincere feelings, originality and thought-provoking.
The first sentence of the poem, "friend, I have watched you down the mountain", tells the reader to say goodbye at the beginning, and passes over the farewell scene and feelings with a seemingly unemotional word "ba". Here, from seeing each other off to seeing them off, we skipped for a while. While the second sentence "till now in the dark I close my thatch door" was written when the pedestrians were sent away in the daytime, and it took a longer time. When the poet connected his life to the poem, he cut out the feelings and thoughts of the people who saw him off during this time and treated them as a dark field.
The second sentence, "till now in the dark I close my thatch door", does not describe the scene of saying goodbye to friends, nor does it exaggerate the environment and atmosphere at the time of parting, but rather describes the act of covering up Chai Fei at dusk after seeing off friends. Anyone who has experience of parting knows that the moment when pedestrians will go is indeed depressing, but a sense of loneliness and disappointment often becomes more dense and dense at dusk on the day after leaving. At this most difficult moment of parting from sorrow and hating, there must be a lot of things to write; However, the poem only writes a gesture of "covering up Chai Fei". This is a very common thing that mountain dwellers do every day at dusk, and it seems to have nothing to do with the farewell in the daytime. The poet, on the other hand, linked these two unrelated things together, which made the action that was repeated every day show a different meaning from the past, thus expressing feelings between the lines and seeing sadness in the words. If the poet feels lonely and lonely, he will naturally recall his friends' voices and smiles, and the joy of getting along with them in the mountains will emerge in front of him. At the same time, he will certainly imagine the whereabouts of his friends after they come out of the mountain, and he will look forward to their early return and reunion. In a word, although the poet is in Chai Fei, his heart is outside Chai Fei. However, the poet didn't say all these things directly, so that readers can understand them from the details of the action of "covering up Chai Fei". If there is a "blank" in a poem, it is chewy.
the first two sentences of the poem are the foil, and the last two sentences are the main body of expression.
The third and fourth sentences of the poem "grasses return again green in the spring, but O my Prince of Friends, do you?" are transformed from the two sentences of "Wang Sun swims and never returns, and spring grass grows and blooms" in "The Songs of Chu Recruits Hermits". However, Fu lamented that the wanderer had gone for a long time, and these two poems were afraid that he would never return on the day when he broke up with the pedestrian.
These two sentences use the meaning of "Songs of the South: Recruit Hermits", but they don't make people feel like allusions at all, but they feel like affectionate words flowing naturally from the poet's heart. The allusion here is not only appropriate, but also flexible and ingenious. Wang Sun in "Songs of the South Recruit Hermits" is in the mountains of stay for a long time, and the author of Ci Fu wants to recruit him to leave the mountains and go home, but Wang Weishi uses his meaning to hope that his friends will come back to the mountains. "The Songs of Chu Recruit Hermits" is to lament the wanderer's long absence, while Wang Weishi was afraid that he would never return on the day he broke up with the pedestrian. "Songs of the South Calling Hermits" uses direct exclamatory sentences, and Wang Wei uses interrogative tone to convey more subtle and rich feelings.
As a question, "going home or not" is supposed to be asked to pedestrians at the time of parting, but here it comes to people's minds when the pedestrians have gone and the doors are closed at dusk, which has become a suspense that has not been asked. In this way, what is written is not a farewell speech as usual, but a heartfelt outpouring after "seeing each other off", which shows that the people in the poem are still shrouded in thoughts until dusk. Although they just broke up, they are looking forward to their early return, but they are afraid that they will not return for a long time. As mentioned earlier, it took two periods from seeing each other off to seeing each other off, and from "seeing each other off" to "covering Chai Fei". Here, at dusk on the day of farewell, I think of the spring grass in the coming year, and ask if I will return at that time. This is another leap from the present to the future, and the time for jumping is even longer. The word "going home or not" has the meaning of worrying, wondering that friends will go and not return, and expecting friends to return next spring. Before Wang Wei, Nan Qi Xie's poem "Reward Wang Jin 'an" also used the sentence meaning of "Chu Ci Zhao Hermit" and wrote the sentence "Spring grass is greener in autumn, and the son has not returned to the west".
The third sentence "grasses return again green in the spring" is written in some books: "Spring grass is green every year." In comparison, "grasses return again green in the spring" is even more wonderful. It is the epigram of the whole poem. With this sentence, it depicts the green of the spring grass imagined by the poet in Chai Fei, which makes the whole poem colorful, picturesque and interesting, while the poet hopes that his friends will return to enjoy the deep feelings of the mountains in the next spring, and there will be vivid and beautiful images to hold. The word "green" is poetic, and the word "bright" is wonderful.
next year: write "year after year" to indicate long-term; Second, the real "next year" is also appropriate, indicating that the grass is green this year and the grass is green next year. Wang Sun: It refers to a friend's name, or a real name. Grasses return again green in the spring, but O my Prince of Friends, do you?: At this time when the spring grass is green next year, my friend, can you come back here? This is a question, intended to imagine: farewell here this year, and meet here next year. Since it is "Farewell in the Mountain", why don't you say goodbye to your mood, but think about next year? Why?
when most people say goodbye, they are reluctant to part with each other, and they burst into tears, with endless excuses and heartache that is hard to give up? . Everything is separated in silent tears until you can't see me and I can't see you. The poet Wang Wei wrote many farewell poems with his friends in his life, all of which vividly expressed the scene and mentality at that time. Only this song "Farewell in the Mountain" is quite wonderful, and it only takes a short time to say "Farewell in the Mountain". Then, he seems to have forgotten the poetic theme, and even directed the postscript to himself. There is the nature of action: "Sunset covers Chai Men", and there is also the inevitability of lying in bed and thinking: "grasses return again green in the spring", and there is even more expectation in my sleep: "but O my Prince of Friends, do you??"
why? In fact, the author deliberately avoided the pain of parting, led it to a quiet center, and turned the pain into missing. Avoid convention, take a new road, often find not only parting but meeting again "grasses return again green in the spring". What does Wang Wei's "grasses return again green in the spring, but O my Prince of Friends, do you?" express? What should we think about it? As the saying goes: if you plant flowers with your heart, you won't make them grow, but if you don't, you'll get a shade. Wang Wei's Farewell in the Mountain does not talk about the situation and mood at that time, but tells the process of what he did after the event, expressing that he was not too entangled in tears when he left, but focused on summarizing his melancholy mood after leaving.
If you think about it every day and dream at night, everything will be natural: "grasses return again green in the spring, but O my Prince of Friends, do you?". Therefore, Wang Wei's broad mind of always thinking of friends, missing friends and loving friends is thoroughly demonstrated. Just let these two poems summarize. It is an eternal agreement and the need of our respective careers that the clouds gather and the wind will decide, and you and I will be separated from each other.
In a word, I have read many farewell poems by Wang Wei, although they are not the same, but Farewell in the Mountain is unique, which has the effect of implication and connotation.