1. Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
2. Problem variant: One sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?
3, answer analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, this kind of question type is the beauty of asking to taste these refined words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
4. Answer: ① Affirm "good" or affirm which is better; (2) Explain the semantic and linguistic meaning of the word in the sentence; (3) Expand association and imagination, and describe the scene by reducing the word you think is "good" into one sentence; Point out what feelings the word expresses or what artistic conception it sets off.
5. Examples of answering questions
Read the poem of the following song and then answer this question. (8 points)
Four kinds of songs in the river (3) Pan Dalin (1)
Xishan Tonghu Point ②, Chibi Hidden Dragon Palace. The shape wins three countries, and the waves flow all over the world.
Shaming boxing keeps herons, and the sea is wide and the sky is wide. I admire the fisherman most, returning to the boat in the rain.
(Note) ① Pan Dalin (about 1057- 1 106): a native of Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei), he is good at poetry. I used to travel in Chibi with Su Shi. ② Xishan: in the west of Ezhou, Hubei, the mountains are deep and secluded. 3 boxing egret: refers to the appearance of an egret curled up while sleeping.
(l) One word in each of the three sentences is very vivid. Please find it and talk about the benefits of this kind of writing.
The answers are "fist" and "retreat". The word "fist" is used to vividly show the posture of heron birds when they perch on the beach. The word "retreat" is used to vividly express the state of birds in the sky. This kind of writing constitutes a picture of the combination of static and dynamic that the author saw by the river.
Read the poem of the following song and then answer this question. (8 points)
Li Mi in spring-Xun (1).
Light rain is looking forward to spring, and falling flowers are near dusk. The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is full of birds singing.
[Note] ① Li Mi-xun (1085- 1 153), a native of Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), has served as a Sheren official of Zhongshu and assistant minister of the household department. He was dismissed because he strongly opposed Qin Gui's surrender policy. (2) Layout: refers to the empty place at the door.
(1) Please appreciate the word "net" in the first sentence.
The author thought of a silk net from the light rain; From silk screen printing and late spring, I thought of catching spring, that is, keeping it. This kind of imagination and metaphor is very vivid and novel.
Second, analyze the types of artistic conception
1, Question: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
2. Question variant: ① What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
② Appreciate a poem or word from the perspective of "emotion" and "scenery".
3. Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. To analyze the artistic conception of poetry, we should pay attention to the characteristics of objects and images, and pay attention to the feelings that the author places in the things described, so as to grasp the "meeting point" between objects and wishes.
4. Answer method: ① Find out the objects and images in the poem; (2) Expand association and imagination, and reproduce pictures in their own language; The characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery can be summarized by two disyllabic adjectives, such as: magnificent, quiet and beautiful, lonely and desolate, miserable and so on. (4) What kind of thoughts and feelings the poet expressed, or what kind of enlightenment and thinking he gave people.
5. Examples of answering questions
(08 National New Curriculum Standard Volume) Read the following poem and complete 8 ~ 9 questions.
Title Li Shinan painting fans ① Cai Zhao ②
The wild water gurgles down the stream, and the autumn wind blows the forest. Holding the urn, everyone knows that the village is close, and Zhongjue Temple is close to the pier.
[Note] ① Li Shinan: a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, who is good at painting landscapes. 2 Cai Wei (? A 1 1 19): the word apocalypse Danyang, (now Jiangsu) people. He used to be an official minister, a calligrapher in China and so on. ③ Urn: This refers to the water urn. (4) Dock: a place with high terrain and a concave center, which refers to the mountain dock here.
Please briefly describe the scenery in the fan painted by Li Shinan. What kind of atmosphere does this format present? (5 points)
Answer: the picture is probably; There is a stream flowing between two mountains, leaves falling in the Woods, a man holding an urn on the road (or by the stream), and the temple is faintly exposed in the valley. This painting shows the quiet and peaceful atmosphere in the countryside.
There should be six kinds of scenery in the picture: streams, mountains (mountain piers), Woods (fallen leaves), people, urns and temples. If one or two scenes are described, give 1 point; Three or four kinds of scenery, give 2 points; Five or six kinds of scenery, give 3 points. Answer what kind of atmosphere the picture presents and give 2 points. Just answer the meaning correctly.
9. Inscribed poems often illustrate the interest outside the painting. What descriptions do you think of this poem show the scenery and interest outside the picture? What are the advantages of writing like this? (6 points)
Answer: ① The description of "gurgling water", ② the description of "rustling autumn wind", ③ the description of a nearby village and ④ the description of the "bell" coming from a distant temple all show the scenery and interest outside the picture.
The advantages of this writing method are as follows: (1) it makes the still scene on the screen move and become colorful; ② Expand the picture to make it more colorful.
It can be answered that the author added the sound of "water murmuring" and "autumn wind rustling". If the sounds of "Zhong" are parallel and there is a village nearby, give 4 points, and give 1 point for each correct answer; If you can answer the question of benefits, give 2 points.
(08 Tianjin Volume) Read the following poem and answer this question. (5 points)?
Living in the mountains is Wang Wei's business?
The door of the hedge is closed, looking at the oblique sunlight in the evening. Crane perches on the surrounding pine trees, and tourists are left in cold and sparse places. ?
The bamboo knot has added a new layer of powder, and the old lotus leaf is red and red. Fishing boats on the ferry are shuttling little by little, and there are people coming and going everywhere.
(2) What kind of scenery and feelings are written in the last four sentences of the poem?
A: I wrote a picture of the sunset, the smoke curling up, the tender bamboo lotus flowers fresh and lovely, and people coming home with diamonds. Show the author's carefree mood.
Thirdly, analyze the meaning types of sentences.
1. Question: What's good about this poem?
2. Question variant: What is the significance and function of this poem? What are the characteristics of expression?
3. Answer analysis: A poem may be about scenery, lyric or people. The methods of writing people include action description, language description, psychological description, appearance description and detail description. To understand a poem, it is necessary to combine the upper and lower sentences and the whole poem.
4. Answer mode: ① clarify the meaning of language, and sometimes explore its deep meaning; (2) Analyze the expressive function of poetry in writing scenery, words or people. ③ Briefly describe the artistic effect.
5. Examples of answering questions
(08 Beijing Volume) Read the following poem and complete 1-3. (10)
Gu, enjoy the king's work, nine days.
It was the day when we were scared to death, and we looked at each other. If you leave your arm, you will see yellow flowers.
Heaven and earth are magnificent, and mountains and rivers read temple flowers. Thousands of miles away, eviction becomes homeless.
Note: Gu was a famous scholar and poet during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the late Ming Dynasty, he joined the struggle against eunuchs and powerful people. Qing soldiers went south to participate in the people's anti-Qing uprising. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he refused to be recruited by the Qing court many times and went into exile in the north to inspect the situation of mountains and rivers and restore his ambition.
(1) The following understanding of this poem is incorrect: (2 points) (a)
A. It is the autumn sun that scares the old: it is the ruthless sun and moon that send autumn, which makes people aging and shocking.
B. Looking at each other, we are far apart and face each other from a distance.
C. selling turbid wine and leaving your arms: the feeling of parting can only be dispelled by turbidity.
D. expelling guests and becoming homeless: people who lose their motherland become homeless.
② What do you mean by "courage" and "reading" here? How do these two poems express the author's thoughts and feelings? (4 points)
Answer: Courage refers to one's patriotism or sincere loyalty to one's old country. Read: witness. It shows the author's determination to persevere and stick to the end, even though he is old and knows that there is no hope of restoring the country.
It means close.
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
li po
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet. There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Note ① Yishui: also known as "Ershui".
(2) What rhetorical devices are used in the sentence "A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me"? What thoughts and feelings do couplets express?
Answer:
A: (2) Metaphor. (1) worried that the king was blinded by evil and worried about evil; (2) The worries of the sages include those who are not allowed to be appointed and those who are concerned about the country and the people.
Fourthly, the analysis of language features.
1. Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
2. Question variant: ① Please analyze the language style of this poem. ② Talk about the language art of this poem.
3. Solution analysis: This question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style of the whole poem. This type of question requires students to know people and discuss things, because different writers have different language styles, such as Li Bai's vigorous and elegant, Du Fu's depressed and frustrated. But sometimes we can read the language style from poems even if we are not familiar with the author, some are lively, some are full of folk songs and so on.
4. Answer method: ① Accurately point out the language features in one or two sentences (concise and vivid, concise and gloomy, incisive and nuanced, refined and refined, vivid in one word, steady in confrontation, close in language and far in sentiment, harmonious in Zhuang ……); (2) Analyze this feature in detail with relevant sentences in the poem; ③ Explain how the words in the poem express the poet's feelings.
5. Examples of answering questions
(08 Beijing Volume) Read the following poem and complete 1-3. (10)
Gu, enjoy the king's work, nine days.
It was the day when we were scared to death, and we looked at each other. If you leave your arm, you will see yellow flowers.
Heaven and earth are magnificent, and mountains and rivers read temple flowers. Thousands of miles away, eviction becomes homeless.
Note: Gu was a famous scholar and poet during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the late Ming Dynasty, he joined the struggle against eunuchs and powerful people. Qing soldiers went south to participate in the people's anti-Qing uprising. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he refused to be recruited by the Qing court many times and went into exile in the north to inspect the situation of mountains and rivers and restore his ambition.
It is generally believed that Gu's poetic style is similar to Du Fu's. Please point out the style characteristics of Gu's poem and make a brief analysis. (4 points)
Answer: (1) Style characteristics: melancholy or deep and dignified.
(2) Brief analysis: This poem closely combines deep patriotic feelings with one's own life experience and immediate specific situation, and melts into a simple and pure poem, forming a gloomy and dignified style.
Chongqing Volume 08 Read the following Song Ci and then answer this question. (6 points)
Operator? Send Bao Haoran to Wang Guan in eastern Zhejiang.
Water looks like a beautiful woman's eyes, like a beautiful frown. Where are you going? To the intersection of mountains and rivers.
Take the spring water and send you back. If you go to the south, you can catch up with spring, and you must keep the scenery of spring.
(2) Wang Zhuo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, described Wang Bi's ci as "extraordinary and unique" in Bi Ji Man Zhi. What are the characteristics of the word "Xinli"? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)
A: The rhetoric is clever and the language is beautiful, such as "the water color is dazzling, and the mountain color gathers eyebrows." Sending Spring Home and Living in Spring are unique in imagination and vivid in meaning. For example, "Where the eyebrows shine" and "When Jiangnan catches up with spring, it is necessary to live with spring".
Fifth, analyze the theme.
1. Question: What is the theme of this poem?
2. Question variant: Please use a poem to analyze the author's mood at that time.
3. Solution analysis: The main purpose of analysis often needs to pay attention to the following aspects: (1) cultural common sense, life common sense, historical allusions, myths and legends, natural phenomena involved; (2) the general idea or connotation of a poem; (3) The poet's ideological inclination, political opinions, ambition pursuit and life experience; (4) the background of the times and social reality.
4. Answer mode: ① Analyze which specific poems have been written; 2 What emotions are expressed and what emotions are hidden.
5. Examples of answering questions
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
li po
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet. There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Note ① Yishui: also known as "Ershui".
(1) Summarize the contents of the couplets and necklaces of this poem respectively, and talk about what emotions the poet embodies in them. (4 points)
Answer: (1) The couplet is about the historical sites of the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and the couplet is about the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling. It embodies the vicissitudes of personnel, the eternity of nature and the feelings of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties.
(08 Hubei Volume) Read the following Song Ci, contact its writing background and answer the questions. (8 points)
Lin Jiangxian [Song] Hou Meng
Who will believe you if you don't meet the loose-packed, but I can't find your name now. A good craftsman will paint a description for no reason. When the wind is gently borrowed, it will go to heaven in one fell swoop.
I have to boast that I am making steady progress. I just doubt that I will go to the moon. The sunset after the rain is red. A few people on the ground looked at me in the blue sky.
[Writing background] According to the record of Jian Yizhi by Hong Mai, a Song Dynasty man, he was ugly, old and versatile, and was repeatedly laughed at. Some frivolous teenagers drew their shapes on kites. Hou Meng laughed when he saw them, and wrote the words "Linjiang Xianzi" on the kites. After that, he reached the top in one fell swoop, and the official was the prime minister.
What kind of attitude towards life does the word (1) reflect? Please make a brief analysis with words. (4 points)
Answer: ① Hou Meng is very humorous. For example, people who paint their own appearance are "good artists" and respond to others' ridicule tactfully. ② Hou Meng is optimistic and confident. Others painted his appearance on a kite and sent it to the sky. He doesn't feel inferior, but imagines that he is going to "themoon" to win the championship. Hou Mengzhi is ambitious. Significance of conclusion: Successful career, "See how I can gallop freely in the blue sky"!
(2) At the beginning of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Lin Jiangxian wrote: "The Yangtze River is rolling eastward, and the waves are scouring the heroes. Whether it is right and wrong or failure, it is empty now and has disappeared with the passage of time. The green hills are still there, and the setting sun is a few degrees red. Like Hou Meng's ci, they all use the image of "sunset red", but their symbolic meanings are different. Please compare it briefly. (4 points)
Answer: ① The "sunset red" in "Hou Ci" symbolizes a person's fortune. ② The "sunset red" in the opening words of Romance of the Three Kingdoms symbolizes the vicissitudes of history.
Six, the analysis of skill-based questions
1, Question: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
2. Question variant: ① Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique or technique) of this poem.
(2) How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
3. Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, we must first be familiar with some common expression skills; Secondly, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and multi-angle analysis of this poem.
4. Answer mode: ① Accurately point out which expression techniques are used (lyric techniques: direct expression of mind and indirect lyric. Rhetoric: positive and negative contrast, clever use of metaphor, clever use of contrast, exaggeration and appropriateness. Means of expression: contrast, contrast, truth, size, etc. ); (2) Combined with the analysis of poetry, why do you think this technique should be used? (3) How does this technique express the poet's feelings or will?
5. Examples of answering questions
Read the following Yuan Sanqu and then answer this question. (8 points)
[Palace] Sai Qiu Hong Xunyang is the scene of Zhou Deqing (1)
Wanli Yangtze River is as white as practice, and Hu Aishan Mountain is as green as a lake. Fan Jiang is like an arrow, and the mountain spring thousands of feet flies like electricity.
The sunset dew, the new moon is a beginner, and the word "rainbow" comes like a line.
(Note) ① Zhou Deqing (1277- 1365) was born in Gao 'an (now Jiangxi). ② Lake: indigo, blue dye.
(1) Please illustrate three rhetorical methods used in this Sanqu.
(1) Metaphor, such as comparing the Yangtze River to practice in vain, comparing the sails on the river to sharp arrows, comparing the descending mountain springs to lightning, and comparing the Hong Fei lined up in the sky to a line. ② Duality, such as one or two sentences, three or four sentences, five or six sentences, etc. 3 comparison, such as the new moon "Xue Ji" in the fan.
If you can answer a rhetorical method and illustrate it with examples, give 1 point; If the answer is "parallelism", take the first four sentences as an example, and you can also give 1 point.
(2) One sentence and one scene of this Sanqu together constitute a colorful landscape map of Xunyang. Please make a brief appreciation of this Sanqu from the perspective of the sequence of scenery writing and the combination of static and dynamic.
(1) In terms of the order of scenery writing, one or two sentences are written about the Wan Li of the Yangtze River, with many distant mountains, and it is written about the big place and the future; Three or four sentences are written about the light sails and mountain springs flowing on the river, which are personal and close-up views; Turn from day to night, and then from the ground to the sky. ② From the dynamic and static point of view: the first and second sentences focus on the magnificence of rivers and mountains, which is static; Three or four sentences focus on the swiftness of the river sail and the rapidity of the mountain spring, which are dynamic.
Give 2 points in the order of far and near answers; Answer the order of day and night, and give 1 minute; Answer the angle of motion and static to give 2 points. Just answer the meaning correctly.
Read the following Song Ci and answer this question.
Hua Tang chun Qin Guan
Falling red paved the horizontal pool, and it was clear and drizzling. The apricot orchard is withered, the cuckoo is crying, but it is helpless to return to spring.
Draw a building outside the willow, lean against the railing and twist 1 flower branches, and the flowers are silent to the oblique glow. Who knows this?
Note: 1 knob (ni ǐ n): press and hold the knob.
(1) How does the description of the scenery of Shangque express helplessness? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)
A: Shangque expresses the helplessness of hurting (cherishing) the spring by describing the scenes of last spring, such as the falling of paved paths, clear light rain, lazy apricot orchards and crying cuckoos.
(2) What expressions are mainly used in the sentences such as "Twisting branches by hand on the railing" and "Flowers are silent for the oblique light"? What kind of emotional changes do the characters in the text show? (4 points)
A: The main expressions of these two words are: description of details. You can also write action descriptions. Two details (movements) are used to express the emotional changes of the characters in the words from loving spring, hurting spring (cherishing spring) to helpless spring return. If we analyze it sentence by sentence, as long as we can answer the emotional changes from loving spring, hurting spring (cherishing spring) to helplessness
Seven, analysis and conception (structural thinking) type
1. Question method: How was this poem conceived?
2. Question variation: Please analyze the beauty of this poem.
3. Solution analysis: Poetry has a way of thinking, and there is a close relationship between a poem and a sentence. Then, to analyze the structure of poetry, we must grasp the relationship between poems. Some poems write scenery first and then express feelings, others write scenery first and then express feelings, and there are also theories of bedding, transition, contrast and transition.
4. Answer method: ① Summarize the content of the poem. (2) Reveal the relationship between poems. (3) Point out what thoughts and feelings this idea conveys.
5. Examples of answering questions
Read the following Yuan Sanqu and then answer this question. (8 points)
[Double Tone] Wild geese defeat Wu (1)
Spring flowers smell azaleas, autumn months see geese. Human feelings are as thin as clouds, and scenery is as sick as an arrow. Stay and buy money and enter the mulberry garden.
Mao Shan San Zhai (3) has several hectares of seedling fertilizer. Bedside, put a cold and profound biography; In front of the window, the banknotes are some fresh Du Fu articles.
[Note] ① Wu: His life experience is unknown. He once worked as a small official, and finally retired after seeing through the world of mortals. This song was written before and after he retired. ②: Hurry up. ③ Cover with grass.
(1) From the perspective of seclusion, how many levels has this meta-Sanqu been written? Please analyze it briefly.
Answer: (4 points) Write two levels. The first four sentences are the first level, mainly writing the reasons for longing for seclusion. It is caused by spring flowers and autumn moon, and the first sigh of Yin is like an arrow. Birds sing and geese return, and human feelings are light.
The last few sentences are the second level, mainly about the seclusion life in yearning. It is divided into two layers. The first layer is a sentence from "stay" to "seedling fat", which describes the material life after retirement; The second layer is the sentence after "bedside", which is about the spiritual life after retirement.
Eight, continue to write questions
1. Question method: list the explanations of several poems (couplets), and then ask for the explanation of empty sentences (couplets).
2, solution analysis: to do such a topic, we must analyze the listed items, and then continue to write blank items against them, so that the angles are consistent. The main method is to answer questions according to the structure of the beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination of ancient poems.
3. Answer method: ① Summarize the content of the poem.
(2) explain the relationship with the previous sentence. If the explanation of the last sentence (couplet) is added, we must pay attention to its echo, generalization and finishing touch. In short, it is "combination".
(3) Briefly describe and analyze well-used words, expressive effects or thoughts and feelings in sentences.
4. Examples of answering questions
Hunan Volume 2006 14
Read the following two poems and complete the appreciation according to the prompts. (6 points)
Xue Baochai sang Bai Haitang and Lin Daiyu sang Bai Haitang.
Jane smoked the door during the day and joined hands with the urn to fill the moss basin. Half-rolled curtains cover the door, and the ice is broken into jade pots.
Rouge washes away the shadow of the autumn platform, and ice and snow reveal the soul. Steal a pear core for three cents and borrow a plum blossom soul.
Only when you are weak can you know that flowers are more colorful, but when you are sad, you can get jade without trace. The moon cave fairy sews clothes, and the woman in Autumn is always in my heart wipes her tears.
If you want to pay for the cleaning in Bai Di, you will get dizzy if you don't talk about Tingting. Who is shy and speechless, tired of leaning on the west wind night has fainted.
(According to People's Literature Publishing House Du1996+The 37th Back of A Dream of Red Mansions, 2nd Edition, February, 2005)
Poetry about objects pays attention to both form and spirit. In the above two poems, the couplet focuses on Bai Haitang's "white", but the painting and writing of God are different.
"Rouge washes away the shadow of the autumn platform, and ice and snow reveal the soul." The first sentence is to wash away rouge to show its natural beauty, and the second sentence is to describe the soul of ice and jade with crystal ice and snow. The use of inverted sentences is novel and unique: the words "Xi" and "Zhao" vividly convey Bai Haitang's emotional expression by personification; The setting off of "autumn stage" and "exposed masonry" is even more meaningful. The poet implicitly shows Bai Haitang's simplicity, elegance, cleanliness and self-motivation.