Du Fu's Appreciation of the Prime Minister of Shu. This poem mainly expresses the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang, a famous figure in the Three Kingdoms period, and his infinite emotion for his unfulfilled achievements. This article's appreciation of Du Fu's appearance in Shu was collected and compiled by the editor of the University College Entrance Examination. I hope you all like it!
Introduction:
This is a poem that expresses emotion about the deeds of the predecessor Zhuge Liang. It is also a masterpiece of Du Fu. One of the lines: "You will die before you leave the army." , always makes heroes burst into tears? It has been passed down through the ages and has been praised forever. The original text is as follows:
Prime Minister of Shu
Du Fu
Where can I find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister? There is a lot of people outside Jinguan City.
The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves.
Three visits to trouble the world, two dynasties to open the hearts of old ministers.
He died before leaving the army, which made the hero burst into tears.
Answers to reading Du Fu's Prime Minister of Shu:
1. The word "Xun" in "Where can I find the Prime Minister's ancestral hall?" is used well. Please briefly explain the reason.
Answer: The following poems are narrated in Zhangben, leading to the following description of the Shu Prime Minister's Shrine; showing Du Fu's strong admiration for Zhuge Liang and his emotion about his ambition to serve the country
Translated by Du Fu, Prime Minister of Shu:
Where can I find the ancestral hall of Wu Hou Zhuge Liang? In the place with dense cypress trees outside Chengdu. The green grass reflects the natural spring color on the steps, and the orioles on the trees sing gracefully to each other across the branches. The First Lord of Determining the World visited the thatched cottage three times and assisted in the founding of the two dynasties and was full of loyalty. It is a pity that he died of illness in the army after he failed to conquer Wei Dynasty. This made the heroes of all ages burst into tears!
Explanation of Du Fu's term "Shu Xiang":
⑴Shu Xiang: Prime Minister of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, referring to Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming). There is a note under the title of the poem: Zhuge Liang Temple is in the west of Zhaolie Temple.
⑵ Prime Minister’s Ancestral Hall: The Zhuge Wuhou Ancestral Hall was built in the Wuhou District of Chengdu today by Li Xiong of the Jin Dynasty.
⑶Jinguancheng: Another name for Chengdu. cypress (bǎi) Sensen: the appearance of lush and dense cypress trees.
⑷The green grass on the steps reflects the spring color, and the oriole is in the sky through the leaves. (hǎo) pronunciation: These two sentences describe the scenery inside the temple. Du Fu highly praised Zhuge Liang. He did not come here just to enjoy the beautiful scenery, because the word "empty" contains emotions. That is to say, the green grass reflecting on the steps is just the beauty of spring; the oriole is just making good sounds through the leaves, and he has no intention of watching or listening. Because the person he admired is no longer visible. Empty: in vain.
⑸ Three visits to the world: This means that in order to unify the world, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times and asked Zhuge Liang for advice. This is to praise the genius of foresight shown in countermeasures. Frequent trouble, like "frequent", many times.
⑹Two Dynasties Kaiji: Refers to Zhuge Liang assisting Liu Bei to create an imperial career, and later assisting Liu Chan. Two Dynasties: Liu Bei, Liu Chan and his son two dynasties. Open: create. Ji: support.
⑺ Died before the army was launched, often making the heroes of the future burst into tears (jīn): Died before the army was launched, before the final victory was achieved, which often made the heroes of later generations burst into tears. It means that Zhuge Liang sent out troops to attack Wei many times, but failed to win. He died in the army of Wuzhangyuan (now southeast of Qishan, Shaanxi) in the 12th year of Shu Jianxing (234). To send out troops: To send out troops: To send out troops. These two sentences in "New University Chinese" (Jinan University Press, 2010 edition) are: "Death before the ambition is fulfilled will make the hero burst into tears."
Background of Du Fu's Prime Minister of Shu:
According to Qiu Zhaoao's annotation, the poem "Prime Minister of Shu" was dated to the spring of 760 AD (the first year of Emperor Suzong's first year in the Yuan Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty). Du Fu composed it when he first arrived in Chengdu. . In December of the second year of Qianyuan (759) of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu ended his four-year wandering life in Qinzhou and Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and settled in Chengdu with the help of friends. By the Huanhua River. Chengdu is the place where the Shu Han Dynasty established its capital. There is Zhuge Liang Temple in the northwest of the city, which is called Wuhou Temple. In the spring of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (760) by Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, he visited Zhuge Wuhou Temple and wrote this touching and eternal song.
In the first year of Zhangwu of the Shu Han Dynasty (221), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, named his country Han, and appointed Zhuge Liang as prime minister. "Shu Xiang" means the prime minister of the Shu Han Kingdom. The title of the poem "Shu Xiang" is written as Zhuge Liang. Although Du Fu cherished the political ideal of "leading to Jun Yao and Shun", his official career was bumpy and his ambition could not be realized. When he wrote the poem "Prime Minister of Shu", the Anshi Rebellion had not yet subsided. He saw that the country was in dire straits and the people were in ruins, but he had no way to find a job or serve the country. Therefore, he had infinite admiration and respect for Zhuge Liang, who created the foundation and saved the current situation.
The main idea of ??Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu":
This seven-line poem "The Prime Minister of Shu" expresses the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang's intelligence and moral character and his emotion at the failure of his achievements.
A brief analysis of Du Fu's Shu Prime Minister:
This poem expresses the poet's praise of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, for his heroic talents, his assistance to the two dynasties, his loyalty to the country, and his death before he left the army. The regret of death. The poem not only contains the orthodox concept of respecting Shu, but also expresses the emotion of being impoverished and facing difficulties. The words embody the feeling of thinking about things and people. The composition of this seven-law poem is twists and turns, natural and compact. The first two couplets describe scenery in a free and easy way; the last two couplets discuss affairs and people, and suddenly become gloomy.
The whole article goes from scenery to people, from searching and admiring to recalling and recalling, from sighing and remembering to bursting into tears, with frustrations and heroic moments, and many twists and turns. The whole poem has great thoughts, deep feelings, is majestic and tragic, melancholy and frustrating, and has great power to shock people's hearts.
Du Fu’s Appreciation of Shu Xiang:
The same is true for the first couplet of this poem. ?Where can I find the Prime Minister’s ancestral hall? There is a lot of people outside Jinguan City. ?With every question and answer, a strong emotional atmosphere is formed from the beginning, covering the entire article. The previous sentence? Prime Minister's Ancestral Hall? is directly to the point of the topic, and the language is cordial and full of reverence. ?Where to look for?, ask without doubt, strengthen the tone, does not mean where to look for. Zhuge Liang was well loved by the people in history, especially in Chengdu, Sichuan, and temples dedicated to him are easy to find. The beauty of the word "Xun" is that it depicts the poet's persistent feelings of pursuing the sages and his long thoughts of pious worship. The next sentence, "There are many people outside Jinguan City", points out that the poet pays homage to the Wuhou Temple on the outskirts of Chengdu. The cypress trees here are tall and dense, creating a quiet and solemn atmosphere. Cypress trees have a long life and never wither all year round. They are tall and straight and have symbolic meaning. They are often used as ornamental trees in temples. The author seizes the scene of Wuhou Temple and shows the image characteristics of the cypress tree: majestic, lush, vigorous and simple, which reminds people of Zhuge Liang's spirit and can't help but stand in awe. What is then displayed in front of the reader is the verdant spring grass, spreading under the stone steps, reflecting a patch of green; a few oriole, walking among the forest leaves, making a clear and clear call.
The second couplet: The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sings in the sky through the leaves? These scenes are depicted with bright colors, bright music, contrasting stillness and movement, tranquility and nature, and infinitely beautiful expressions See the spring-filled scene in Wuhou Temple. However, the spring of nature has come, but the hope of rejuvenation of the motherland is very slim. Thinking of this, the poet couldn't help but feel a sense of sadness and melancholy, so he said it was "self-spring" and "good sound in the sky". The intertextuality between "Self" and "Space" depicts a static and quiet environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, making business in the scenery, and conveyed his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, reflecting the poet's patriotic spirit of caring about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes becomes even more radiant.
?Three visits to trouble the world, two dynasties to open the hearts of veterans. ?The third couplet is rich in color and highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. The previous sentence writes that before leaving the mountain, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times, and Zhuge Liang took the countermeasures. It points out that Zhuge Liang could foresee the political situation of Wei, Shu, and Wu at that time, and formulated a set of strategies for Liu Bei to unify the country, which shows that he was a great talent in helping the world. The next sentence writes that after leaving the mountain, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in founding the Shu Han Dynasty and supported Liu Chan, praising his dedication and devotion to the country. Two sentences and fourteen characters bring people to the war-torn Three Kingdoms era, and against a broad historical background, they portray the image of a wise prime minister who was loyal to the emperor, patriotic, and helpful to the world. Nostalgic for the past in order to harm the present. At this time, the Anshi Rebellion had not yet been put down, the country was falling apart and the people were displaced, which made the poet worried. He longed for loyal ministers and virtuous ministers to help the country, put things in order, and restore peace and unity to the country. It is this kind of concern for the country that condenses the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang; on this historical figure, the poet pins his beautiful longing for the fate of the country.
The last couplet of the poem, "Died before leaving the army, causing the hero to burst into tears," eulogizes the historical misfortune of Zhuge Liang's death in the army and his unfulfilled achievements. The tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's death is undoubtedly another hymn of life. He fulfilled his vow to "dedicate himself to death and die" with his actions, which further sublimated the spiritual realm of this outstanding ancient politician and produced The power to inspire people to rise up.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay homage to the Prime Minister's ancestral hall, feeling the reality from the description of the scenery, revealing the poet's concern for the country and the people; the last four sentences praise the Prime Minister's talents and virtues, and recall the history from The memory of the ancestors also contains many of the poet's expectations and longing for the fate of the motherland. The whole poem has profound meaning and far-reaching sustenance, creating a deep and sad artistic conception. In summary, this Qilu poem is a very simple poem, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of summary power. In just fifty-six words, it tells the story of Zhuge Liang's life and presents Zhuge Liang, who has been famous throughout the ages, in front of readers. When future generations of patriots and ordinary readers recited this poem, their admiration for Zhuge Liang arose spontaneously. Especially when I read the second sentence: "Died before leaving the army, which makes the hero burst into tears?", I couldn't help but shed tears.
In terms of artistic expression, questions and answers are set up, reality is used to describe fiction, scenes are blended, narratives are combined, the structure is continuous and complex, and the layers are wavering. It also has the charm of language with refined words and sentences and harmonious tones, which makes people Singing and sighing three times, the aftertaste is endless. Du Shi is known as "depressed and frustrated", and "The Prime Minister of Shu" is a typical representative.
Comments from later generations:
1. Qiu Zhaoao from the Qing Dynasty commented on the couplets in two sentences: "The temple is desolate." ? Two sentences on the neck couplet: ? Shen Zhi is tragic and stirring. ? ("Detailed Notes on Du Shi")
2. Pu Qilong of the Qing Dynasty commented on the neck couplet with two sentences: ?The syntax is as if it is made of gold, which is suitable for Wuhou, and it is also like melting gold and making it muddy. ("Read Du Xinjie")
3. Shao Zixiang, a Qing Dynasty man, commented on the last four lines of this poem and said: "From beginning to end, all the achievements and thoughts of a life can be summed up in just four words, like a rafter's pen."
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About the author:
Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, Han nationality, was born in Gong County, Henan Province (now Gongyi City, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He called himself Shaoling Yelao. A great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty, he and Li Bai were collectively called "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively called "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu's influence on Chinese classical poetry is very profound. He is called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called the "History of Poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Thatched Cottage.
Du Fu lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. Du Fu was born in a family that had been "confucian and official" for generations, and his family was profoundly educated. Early works mainly expressed ideals, ambitions and expected life paths. On the other hand, it expresses his political ideal of "contributing to the kings of Yao and Shun" and making customs pure. During this period, many of his works reflected the suffering of the people and political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. From then on, he embarked on a life of worrying about the country and the people. and creative path. As Tang Xuanzong's politics became increasingly corrupt in his later years, his life fell into poverty and despair day by day. In his wandering life, Du Fu created such masterpieces as "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs. Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and uninhibited side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".
The core of Du Fu's thoughts is Confucianism's benevolent government. He has the grand ambition of bringing the kings, Yao and Shun to the throne, and then making the customs pure. Although Du Fu was not well-known during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in "Du Gongbu Collection".
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