For Tao Yuanming's twelve Miscellaneous Poems, most of the predecessors followed the same pattern, and they were compiled together in the fourth volume. Mr. yaoyao made a textual research on the chronology of Tao Yuanming's poems and poems on the basis of consulting the relevant materials and opinions of his predecessors. Although the chronological basis of some works is not sufficient and some may not be acceptable, his research has taken a big step compared with the predecessors. For these twelve Miscellaneous Poems by Tao Yuanming, yaoyao rearranged and dated them. His opinion is: "The first eight of the twelve poems are coherent in meaning and should be written for a moment; In the sixth song, there is a sentence "How can I do it for fifty years". I know that these eight songs should be written by Jia Yin (414) in the tenth year of Yi Xi, the emperor of Jin 'an, and the rest of the ninth and the following three songs are all about the hardships of travel and service; In "Sparse with Zi Yan", Yuan Ming said that "few are poor, every family is bad, and things are wandering", knowing that these three songs should be made in the prime of life. Yuan Ming was in his thirties and thirties, and his service was very hard. There are poems such as "Gengzi was still in the forest in May" and "Xin Chou went to Jiangling for a night trip in July", the content of which is the same as the following three poems in the ninth Miscellaneous Poem, so it should be written at the same time. The twelfth poem of Miscellaneous Poems is obscure in poetry, so it is impossible to determine the age. However, in terms of ranking, the last four of the twelve poems must be divided into two parts with the first eight, and later generations merged them into twelve because of their titles. In this way, the twelfth song is the same as the three songs in front of it. Or at the same time. Today, the first eight songs and the last four songs are divided into two parts, all of which are titled "Miscellaneous Poems". Except for the first eight songs, which were written in Jiayin (414) in the tenth year of Emperor Yi Xi of Jin 'an, the other four songs are listed here temporarily, which were written in Xin Chou (41) in the fifth year of Emperor Long 'an of Jin 'an, and they are thirty-seven years old this year. "
It should be said that yaoyao's chronology is based on the content of poetry, although it is not absolutely accurate, and it is reliable to follow the practice of Tao Yuanming. In this way, it is naturally preferable to divide the twelve miscellaneous poems into four at the age of 37 and eight at the age of 5, compared with the general arrangement of the same kind. On the basis of yaoyao's classification system, Mr. Wei Zhengshen tied one of the last four miscellaneous poems to Tao Yuanming when he was fifteen years old, based on the poem "gracefu's soft boy". Since the beginning of the year, "the poet described himself as a boy, and he also said" the period of 35 (15) ",so it is not unknown that he was identified as Tao Yuanming's fifteen-year-old work. The departments of the other eleven songs are the same as those of yaoyao.
It is of great benefit to grasp the theme of the poem to distinguish the years of the first four poems and the last eight poems in Miscellaneous Attendant. The so-called "Miscellaneous Poems" is a kind of poetic style, that is, miscellaneous poems. According to Shan Li's explanation when he annotated the Selected Works, it is that "five words are mixed, and they don't stick to the rules. When they meet things, they say what they say, so the clouds are mixed." Is that there is no fixed style, you can sing and express things you are interested in, and the content is complicated, so it is named after Zashi. Let's examine Tao Yuanming's twelve Miscellaneous Poems in three groups.
firstly, the cliff is curled up, and gracefu is a gentle boy.
during the first three to five years of the year, what can Qiao ke rely on?
nourishing color contains body fluid and qi, which makes you suddenly feel psychological.
this is a poem that sings about things and expresses aspirations. The poet said that Komatsu is weak and slender, although it is not strong yet. However, standing upright among rocks and encountering wind, frost and snow can't make it bend. Over time, it will surely grow and become a pillar in the extremely severe natural environment. Concealed the poet's extraordinary mind and lofty aspirations. If the "35" in this poem is the age when the poet wrote this poem, it is the earliest poem of Tao Yuanming, which shows the personality of the poet who is "young and strong". As for the other three songs, I will explore them one by one:
Far away from the bondage, with one heart at both ends.
hide your tears from the east, and follow the current to move.
there is no star in the sun, and the situation is on the top of the western mountain.
depression is separated from the horizon, and I miss my regular meal with melancholy.
generous thinking of returning to the south, there is no reason for the distance.
it's hard to replace Guan Liang, and it's hard to send a message.
As mentioned earlier, this is a poem written by Tao Yuanming when he was 37 years old, lamenting the hardships of traveling and servitude, and expressing the inner contradiction between the poet's being an official in politics and retiring to work in seclusion. Leaving the poet's nostalgic homeland to go to a distant place to be busy with trivial official duties, my heart is full of contradictions, and I can't make up my mind whether to continue to be an official or return to the field to live in seclusion. The journey was tiring, and the normal rules of accommodation and meals were disrupted. The memory of relatives and the dream of hometown really made the poet with rich feelings unbearable. As for the third and fourth songs, they are respectively:
Living in idleness and pursuing ambitions, and driving at times can't be recorded.
the drive never stopped, and the Xuan Shang died in Dongyan.
the dark is like smoking musk deer, and the cold excites me.
time has its own advantages. I'll drown it.
be generous and save for a rainy day.
after ten years, I have been detained for the time being.
the courtyard is full of wood, and suddenly the sun and the moon are in deficit.
I'm not far from the clouds, but I'm miserable and cool.
In spring, the swallow should start from the festival, and fly high to sweep away the dust.
the wild geese have nothing to grieve about, and their metabolism returns to the north.
when you leave the pool, you will get involved in summer heat and autumn frost.
it's hard to say goodbye to people who are worried, but the spring night is long.
These two poems respectively express the poet's sufferings from different angles and in different ways, and he has to go out for years to handle those endless and boring chores. Of course, these complicated and trivial affairs are not touched by those high officials and dignitaries, but only muddy officials like Tao Yuanming, who joined the army as a great warlord and served as aides, do errand work, which inevitably makes the poet who is "young and strong" and has the arms of "helping the poor" feel disappointed, and the contrast between his political ideal and the work he is engaged in in in in reality is too great, which causes a strong collision in the poet's heart, loses balance, and naturally chooses words and hardships. At this time, the poet is serving as a current official in the Huan Xuan shogunate, so he certainly won't have good feelings and mentality.
The emotions expressed in the other eight Miscellaneous Poems are another scene. At this time, Tao Yuanming is 5 years old. With the accumulation of social experience, rich life experience, the formation of the concept of quiet Ren Zhen, the tempered poet who lives in poverty has become more realistic and rational, neither complaining about others, nor being pessimistic and depressed, and everything is so natural and dull; Optimistic and cheerful, living an ordinary life of ploughing and idleness. These thoughts and feelings are shown in different degrees in the eight poems of Miscellaneous Poems, such as lamenting the impermanence of life, the passage of time, and drinking in time for joy. Scattered by the wind; This is already very enjoyable, and it is a good time to fight for wine. Once youth once in the past can never again, one day will never see the next day out. Be encouraged in time, and time waits for no one. " And "splendor is hard to live for a long time, and the rise and fall cannot be measured. It used to be the second spring, but now it is the autumn lotus room. The sun and the moon are still around, and I won't be sunny again. When you look back as soon as possible, it is heartbreaking to remember this. " In the panic of sighing and passing water, there is not only timely joy, but also self-encouragement and sadness. As for the two poems, "When the day falls in the west, the moon leaves Dongling" and "My husband is ambitious all over the world, and I wish I didn't know how old I am", the deep sigh that the man's ambition is hard to pay still shows the pursuit of career, such as "If you are ambitious, you won't be hired" and "My husband is ambitious all over the world". As for "remembering when I was young, I was not happy." I am eager to escape from all over the world, and I am in Philip Burkart. What's the future? Unknown anchorage. The ancient people cherish every inch of yin, thinking about it makes people afraid, and so on, then in the passage of time, they contain sweet memories of their heroic aspirations in their youth, as well as expectations for the future and self-encouragement and self-vigilance of cherishing time. Others are afraid of the boss who has accomplished nothing: "I used to hear what the elders said, but I didn't like it when I covered my ears." But fifty years later, I have already kissed this matter. " "The sun is not willing to be late, and it is urged at four o'clock. Weak quality and luck are already white. " And Tao Yuanming's peace of mind about the pastoral life of seclusion and ploughing, and his self-adaptation of being happy and keeping poor: "It's not a hope to cultivate on behalf of others, but his career is in the fields." Hard work has not been replaced, and cold is often ruined. If you are too full, I hope you are full of japonica grain. The winter foot is covered with cloth, and the coarse grain has been in the sun. "
To sum up, Tao Yuanming's twelve Miscellaneous Poems are, as the title of the poem says, a group of poems with extremely complicated contents and many feelings. There are obvious differences between the first four poems and the last eight poems, which show the poet's extremely contradictory and complicated life feelings.
Among Tao Yuanming's poems describing pastoral seclusion, Two Master Books of He Guo are very distinctive.