Spring Festival is also called Spring Festival, Jasminum giraldii, Golden Belt and Deciduous Shrub. Plant height is 30- 100 cm. Branchlets are slender, erect or arched, drooping, showing a chaotic pattern. 3 leaflets are opposite to compound leaves, and the leaves are ovoid to oblong. Flowers were born on the branches born last year, which opened before the leaves, with a faint fragrance, golden color and a blush outside. The flowering period is from February to April. Named for its earliest opening among flowers, flowers will usher in the spring of flowers.
Morphological characteristics Primula is a deciduous shrub, erect or prostrate, 0.3-5 meters high and drooping branches. Branches are slightly twisted, smooth and hairless, branchlets are quadrangular, and the edges have narrow wings.
The leaves are opposite, three leaves are compound, and there is a single leaf at the base of the branchlet; Leaf rachis with narrow wings, petiole 3- 10 mm long, glabrous; Leaves and leaflets are slightly hairy on both sides when they are young, but only the leaves have eyelashes when they are old; Leaflets are ovate, oblong or elliptic, narrowly elliptic, sparsely obovate, with sharp or blunt apex, short apex, wedge-shaped base, leaf margin rolled back, midvein slightly concave at the top, convex at the bottom and inconspicuous lateral veins; The terminal leaflet is large, with a length of 1-3 cm and a width of 0.3- 1. 1 cm, sessile or the base extends into a short stalk, and the lateral leaflet is 0.6-2.3 cm, 0.2-1cm, sessile; The single leaf is ovoid or ovoid, sometimes suborbicular, 0.7-2.2 cm long and 0.4- 1.3 cm wide.
Flowers solitary, in axils of last year's branchlets, sparsely at the top of branchlets; Bracts leaflike, lanceolate, ovate or elliptic, 3-8 mm long and 1.5-4 mm wide; Pedicel 2-3 mm long; Calyx green, 5-6 lobes, narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, with a sharp tip; Corolla yellow, 2-2.5cm in diameter, 0.8-2cm in length of corolla tube, 1.5-2mm in base diameter, gradually expanding upward, with 5-6 lobes, oblong or oval, 0.8- 1.3cm in length, 3-6mm in width, and sharp or blunt apex. Flowers bloom in June.
Growth habits and distribution like light, slightly tolerant to shade, slightly cold, afraid of waterlogging. It can overwinter in the open air in North China and Yanling, which requires warm and humid climate, loose and fertile sandy soil, good drainage, vigorous growth in acidic soil and poor growth in alkaline soil. The roots germinate vigorously. The landing part of the branch takes root easily.
China, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet. In the bushes on the original hillside, the altitude is 800-2000 meters. It is widely cultivated in China and all over the world.
There are many plants belonging to the same genus belonging to quite a few varieties of winter jasmine, and the common ones are:
Red jasmine, also known as safflower jasmine, is a climbing shrub. Young branches are quadrangular and striped. Simple leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Cymes 3 flowers are terminal, and the corolla is red to rose red, which is fragrant. The flowers and leaves are in full bloom, and the flowering period is May. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces.
Jasminum giraldii, also known as Jasminum grandiflora, is an erect shrub. The branches are drooping and angular. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with 5-7 leaflets, oval or oval, and the apex is gradually pointed. Flowers solitary or several cymes terminal, white and fragrant. The flowering period is from June to July. Produced in Yunnan and Guangxi. Vietnam, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and India are all distributed.
Tanchun flower, also known as winter jasmine, is a semi-evergreen shrub. The branches spread out and the arches hung low. Odd pinnate compound leaves alternate, with 3~5 leaflets, oval or oval. The flowers are yellow, forming a terminal flowery cyme. Berries are oval and brown-green. The flowering period is May and the fruiting period is 65438+February. Originated in central and northern China.
Yunnan jasminum giraldii, also known as Yunnan Yingchun, is an evergreen vine shrub. Branchlets glabrous, square, shallowly angular. The leaves are opposite, 3-lobulated, oblong, lanceolate, the top 1 is larger, the base has short stalks, and the lateral sessile ones are 2 small. Flowers are solitary, pale yellow, with dark spots, petals longer than the tube, often close to the compound petals, and fragrant. The flowering period is from March to April. Native to Yunnan, it is cultivated all over the country.
Square flowers, semi-evergreen shrubs. Branchlets are thin and angular. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with 5-9 leaflets, ovate or lanceolate, and the apex is acute. Cymes are terminal, with several flowers, white and fragrant. The flowering period is from June to July. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet.
Propagation and cultivation are mainly based on cutting, and plants can also be propagated by layering and dividing plants.
Cutting can be done in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. Layering: Bury the longer branches in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant them separately from the mother plant in the next spring. The division of plants can be carried out when they sprout in spring. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. During the growth process, pay attention to the fact that the soil can't accumulate water and be excessively dry, and properly fertilize 2-3 times before and after flowering. Prune and reshape in autumn and winter to keep more new flowers. Pests and diseases often occur leaf spot disease and dead branch disease, and 50 {BF} wettable powder 1500 times can be sprayed. Insect pests do great harm to aphids and giant salamanders, and should be sprayed with 50 {BF} phoxim EC 1000 times.
The cultivation of Jasminum nudiflorum likes warm and cold tolerance, and it can be planted safely outdoors in Beijing and its south, whether it is planted in the ground or potted. Only potted plants can be planted in the north of Beijing, and they will be moved to a low greenhouse (5 ~ 10℃) to overwinter at -5℃. The flowering period of the Spring Festival is affected by the temperature, and1opens from south to north from late October to April. If you want to blossom in the Spring Festival, you can move the flower buds into the sunny room at 12 ~ 16℃ 2 ~ 3 weeks before the Spring Festival, and water them for 3 days 1 time, and often spray water on the branches and leaves. If the flowers don't bloom before the Spring Festival 1 week, the room temperature can be raised to 20.
Application value and medicinal value
Alias small yellow flower, golden belt (Qunfangpu), (Yunzhi), Huangmei (Botanical Dictionary) and Qingming flower (Guizhou folk medicine).
It comes from the winter jasmine. A plant of Jasminum in Oleaceae, whose leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Pick flowers in spring and leaves in summer. Fresh or dry.
Harvesting in February-April, harvesting and drying.
Sexual taste orientation
Leaf: bitter, flat.
Flowers: sweet, astringent and flat.
Functional indication
Leaves: detoxification, detumescence, hemostasis and pain relief. Can be used for treating traumatic injury, traumatic hemorrhage, stomatitis, carbuncle and furuncle, and pruritus vulvae.
Flowers: clearing away heat and diuresis, detoxifying. Can be used for treating fever, headache, urinary heat pain, and lower limb ulcer.
dosage
Ye: 2 ~ 3 yuan. Apply fresh external products to the affected area or take sitz bath with water decoction.
Flower: 1 ~ 3 yuan. Grind the powder for external use and apply sesame oil to the affected area.
Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Ornamental value
Spring branches droop in the Spring Festival, and flowers bloom first and then leaves in late winter and early spring, with golden color and green leaves. In landscaping, it should be arranged at the lakeside, stream bank, bridge head and corner, or planted around lawns, forest edges, slopes and houses for flower viewing in early spring. The greening effect of the Spring Festival is outstanding and quick, so it is widely used everywhere. It has a good greening effect in the year of planting. In Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Anhui and other places, Spring Festival is used as ornamental shrubs in flower beds, and Shuyang, Jiangsu is the first choice for Spring Festival.
Flower language in plant culture
The flower language of winter jasmine-eternal love.
poetic sentiment
First, don? Bai Juyi's Playing with Winter jasmine was given to Yang Langzhong.
Jin ying Cui calyx is the same as spring cold,
There are some yellow flowers.
Tell the tourists in your words,
Mozoman looks blue and white.
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), Han nationality, was born in Xiaguan (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). He is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature, and is known as "Poet Fairy" and "Poet King". His poems have a wide influence in China, Japan and Korea, and they are the "New Yuefu Movement".
Second, Song? Liu Chang's "Winter jasmine"
Lee is very eye-catching,
Dongfeng entered Jiuchong City first.
Nobody wants yellow flowers and vines,
The waves are famous for welcoming spring.
Author's brief introduction Liu Chang (-132) is a historian, Confucian scholar and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. The originator of the word world is Mr. Gong. Linjiang Xinyu (formerly Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, now Huangtugang Town, Zhangshu City) is a native.
Third, Song? Han Qi's "Winter jasmine"
The diaphragm is slender, the green belt is long,
With snow, it is cold and yellow.
Spring Festival is not self-sufficient,
Huahua is fragrant.
Author's brief introduction: Han Qi (1008- 1075), a native of Anyang, Xiangzhou (now Henan), was a statesman and famous soldier in the Northern Song Dynasty.