Four long dry songs, the first part
Tang. Cui Hao
Where does your family live? Near here, next to the fishing pond? .
Let's catch our boat together and see if we belong to the same town. ..
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This poem is about two young men and women who take water as their home. When they met in the Yangtze River, they talked across the boat. The poet intercepts the drama fragments in life, showing the heroine's cheerful and innocent character.
To annotate ...
① Changganqu: an ancient topic of Yuefu, which mostly describes the life and feelings of women in Changganqu area. Longgan, Longgan, now the old lane in Nanjing, is on the south bank of the Yangtze River. (2) This is a woman's question, and she is very active in answering it herself.
Modern Translation of Original Poems
Where does your family live?
My concubine lives in the nearby Hengtang.
Stop the boat and ask,
Maybe you come from my hometown.
A compliment 1
This little poem describes the details of a water village woman and a young man chatting with each other by the river. It's like a one-act play and a mini-novel. A few monologues are simple and clear, but if you play with them carefully, you feel meaningful and endless.
As soon as the poem comes up, it begins directly with the protagonist's question: "Tell me, where do you live? ? Near here, next to the fishing pond? "Several crossings, syntactically, are just a combination of a question and a declarative sentence. No whimsy, no strange allusions. Judging from the incident, it is only one of the most frequent details in life: talking and asking questions. It's too simple. It's so plain. It is in such a simple and simple trivial matter of life that the poet sees the poetic brilliance and dramatic plot. Analysis is still interesting. First of all, call the other person "Jun" in the question and "concubine" in the answer, and point out the gender of the questioner and the object: a water girl and a boatman. Romantic legends such as men and women, admiration and infatuation, resentment and hatred also followed. But this poem does not follow these conventions, and only writes a woman's long question. She asked each other where they lived, which was the common practice of ordinary people when Lu Yu met and started talking. As a girl, she can only ask others "where does she live". It is impolite and inappropriate to ask her last name. So the first sentence is purely a question, and it has no deep meaning. But it is bold enough to ask a woman first, and in ancient times, there were many customs. In the second sentence, the poet wrote that a woman signed up without waiting for an answer. Generally speaking, women, especially young women, should not easily tell strangers their age and place of residence. The poet wrote this way, on the one hand, to show the innocence of the girl in the water village, on the other hand, he also had the intention to introduce himself to the other party. Yu Biyun said these two words, "When you ask your family, don't say my family, you will fall in love with emptiness." A brief introduction to poetic realm is debunking the hints in women's self-introduction.
"Let's punt together, let's see if we belong to the same town ..." After boldly asking questions and taking the initiative to introduce them, the girl felt that she was a little too abrupt and was afraid of causing misunderstanding, so she quickly added and explained that she was just asking casually and wanted to know if the other party was from the same town. This explanation seems appropriate, which not only masks the girl's shyness, but also shows her agility and intelligence. However, it is not difficult for people with a little experience to see that these two explanations and supplements to the girl broke the glass and revealed the inner secrets that she did not know at first.
The word "fellow countryman" in the last sentence shows that the girl is lonely and bored in a foreign land, so she is very sensitive to everything in her hometown, so she asks questions when she hears the local accent. In this way, "fellow villager" has changed from an excuse to ask questions and pour out, to a bond to find comfort and understanding, and finally to an emotional red line connecting the fallen between two people.
Changgan Qu belongs to Yuefu Zaqu in the Southern Dynasties, and its content mostly shows the life, thoughts and feelings of boatmen women in Jiangnan water towns. Cui Hao's Longgan Canal is the first of four songs. The poem expresses the innocence of the girl in the water village with folk songs. Although it is only four questions, it is very vivid and vivid. And implicitly, "ink and gas shoot, four tables are infinite, everywhere." (Wang Fuzhi's Jiang Zhai Shi Hua).
An appreciation 2
As a zaju, Longgan Qu was included in Guo Maoqian's Yuefu poetry collection. The name of this song first appeared in Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. There is only one poem in the old saying: "Sail against the current, come uninvited, and the boat is not afraid to shake. If I live in the Yangtze River, it will definitely make Guangling tide. " Describing the scene of Guangling women sailing against the current and showing their skills, their bold and provocative expressions can all be seen in their boastful tone. Cui Hao's four "long dry songs" come from the meaning of this ancient poem.
Who is the woman who invites waves in the old saying? Who is she introducing herself to? This poem has no clear content. Most of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties are love songs sung in a woman's voice, which makes Cui Hao's "Long Ganqu" expand its meaning into four question-and-answer folk songs according to the imagination left by the old saying, conceiving the scene of a lotus-picking girl meeting a young boatman on the water, and showing an instant interest in life.
The first song is about women. Judging from the other three songs, this woman should be picking lotus by the river. She saw the young boatman, probably because the local accent of the other person caught her attention, so she took the initiative to come forward and strike up a conversation. She asked the other person where she lived first, and her tone was straightforward and straight to the point. Without waiting for an answer, I introduced myself to live in Hengtang (Hengtang is in the southwest of Nanjing, near Chang Gan). Then I seemed to soon realize that it was too abrupt to ask a stranger for a place to live and report myself, so I immediately explained why I had to stop the boat for questioning. The reason is that I think we may still be fellow villagers. Four common questions, straightforward in meaning, turned several times. Although I can't see anyone, the voice shows that this woman who grew up on the water speaks quickly, is warm and cheerful, and her naive and bold expression shows her desire to make friends with each other.
Commenting on this poem, Wang Fuzhi said: "The ink is full of four boundless words." There are only words in the poem to intercept the woman's tentative questions, but there are no words in the plot and background of this dialogue: the sight of ships coming and going on the river, the girls picking lotus flowers together, the woman's reaction to the boatman's accent, the process of her sitting on the lotus boat and actively approaching the boatman, and the tortuous and subtle psychological activities during the inquiry, all of which live in her voice and emotion, but not a word falls into her words.
This poem is only the beginning of their acquaintance, but the simple and tasteful spoken language, direct heartfelt tone and the opening remarks of face-to-face questions have inspired endless associations and naturally led to the following three question-and-answer poems.
Brief introduction of the author
Cui Hao (704-754), a native of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), was originally from Anping, Boling (now Anping County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province). A famous poet in Tang Dynasty.
Born in Cui Shi, Boling was a top gentry in Tang Dynasty. He used to be the deputy general of Fugou County, Xuzhou, and his official position has not been obvious. After traveling around the world, Tianbao was appointed as the censor around nine years ago, and he was a member of the foreign minister from official to Si Xun. In the 13th year of Tianbao (754), he died.
In the 11th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 723), he was a scholar, and he was the official to Taibu Temple. During the Tianbao period, he was Si Xun's foreign minister. Faithful and witty, his works are passionate and magnificent. Most of his early poems were about boudoir and women's life, and his poetic style was frivolous, reflecting the life of the upper ruling class. In the later period, frontier fortress poetry was the main style, which reflected the heroic frontier fortress and the hardships of the army.
The most famous is the Yellow Crane Tower, which once made Li Bai gasp in admiration. It is said that Li Bai put pen to paper for this purpose, and once had the admiration that "there is a scene in front of him, and Cui Hao inscribed a poem on it".
There are 42 poems in The Whole Tang Poetry, but the original collection has been lost, including Cui Haoji and Tang Renji.