Yu Ji (1272~1348) was a famous scholar and poet in the Yuan Dynasty. His courtesy name is Bosheng, his nickname is Daoyuan, and he is known as Mr. Shao'an. He was less educated at home and traveled with Wu Cheng. At the beginning of Emperor Chengzong's reign, he was recommended as a professor of Confucianism in Dadu Road, and Li Guozi was an assistant professor and doctor. During the reign of Renzong, he moved to Jixian to compile and compile the book, except for the Imperial Academy. When Emperor Wenzong came to the throne, he eliminated all the bachelor's degree clerks in Kuizhang Pavilion. He led the revision of "The Classic of Classics" and wrote "Ancient Records of Daoyuan Studies" and "Daoyuan Manuscripts". Yu Jisu is known as one of the "Four Yuan Confucian Schools" along with Jiexisi, Liu Guan and Huang Shu. In poetry, he is as famous as Jiexisi, Fan Zhen and Yang Zai and is known as the "Four Yuan Poetry Schools". Life of Yu Ji
Yu Ji, whose ancestral home is Renshou (now part of Renshou County, Meishan City, Sichuan Province), is the fifth grandson of Yu Yunwen, the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. His father Yu Ji once served as Huanggang Wei. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he moved to Linchuan Chongren (now part of Jiangxi Province). His mother is the daughter of Yang Wenzhong, the minister of state. All of his ancestors were famous for their literature. Yu Ji was born in Hengyang, Hunan, on February 20, 1272 (March 21). At the end of the Song Dynasty, wars were raging. In order to avoid the war, he moved with his father to Chongren Erdu (now Shizhuang Township), Jiangxi.
Yu Ji was smart since he was a child. He knew how to read at the age of 3. When he was 4 years old, his mother Yang dictated "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius", "Zuo Zhuan" and the articles of famous writers Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. recite. At the age of 9, he already understood the main themes of Confucian classics. At the age of 14, he studied under the famous Neo-Confucianist Wu Cheng and gained a better understanding of the Confucian worldview. After the Yuan Dynasty unified the country, Yu Ji first taught in the mansion of Dong Shixuan, the prime minister in Taichung, south of Jiangxi Province. In the first year of Dade of Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1297), Yu Ji came to Dadu (now Beijing). In the sixth year of Dade (1302), he was recommended to Beijing as a professor of Confucianism on Dadu Road. Soon, he became a teaching assistant for Guozi. He took it upon himself to be a teacher, and his reputation grew day by day, attracting many scholars. Renzong ascended the throne (1312), and Yu Ji was appointed as Dr. Taichang and edited by Jixianyuan. He wrote extensively on school education issues and had many insights, which were appreciated by Renzong. In the sixth year of Yanyou's reign (1319), he was a member of the Hanlin Academy, compiled and edited by the Academy of National History, and a collection of talented people. In the first year of Taiding (1324), he became the secretary of the imperial family, and later the secretary and young eunuch. In the fourth year (1327), he made an appointment with the king to follow Emperor Taiding to Shangdu and explain the scriptures in Mongolian and Chinese. The ministers of Shangdu were impressed by his extensive knowledge of the past and the present. During the reign of Emperor Taiding, he was promoted to the rank of bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and concurrently of the Imperial Academy. He suggested that the land along the coast of Jingdong should be reclaimed by the people and embankments should be built to prevent the influx of tides. This can not only increase tax revenue year by year, but also allow tens of thousands of people to gather around the capital and strengthen the power to defend the capital. Although these ideas were not adopted, they were adopted later when the Ten Thousand Households Plan was established in Haikou. Before Wenzong ascended the throne, he knew something about Yu Ji. After ascending the throne, he appointed him as the scholar of Kuizhang Pavilion. Emperor Wenzong had the purpose of collecting and compiling the laws and regulations of this dynasty, imitating the "Tang and Song Hui Yao", compiling the "Jingshi Dadian", and ordered Yu Ji and Pingzhang Shi Zhao Shiyan to serve as presidents. Later, Zhao Shiyan resigned, leaving Yu Ji solely responsible. Yu Ji worked hard and reviewed it twice before compiling it in the second year of Zhishun (1331), with a total of 880 volumes. It is an important material for studying the history of the Yuan Dynasty. After the book was completed, Emperor Wenzong ordered him to serve as a lecturer and a doctor in the Hanlin Academy. He begged for foreign appointments on the grounds of his eye disease, but was not allowed to do so. It was not until Wenzong and his younger brother Ningzong died one after another that they were able to report their illness and return to Chongren. He died of illness at home on the twenty-third day of May (June 20) in the eighth year of Zhizheng (1348). He was given the posthumous title "Wen Jing" and given to Jiangxi Province to participate in political affairs, and was posthumously named Renshou County Duke. Literary achievements
Yu Ji has always been famous for his literary works. Song Lian said in the preface of "Liu Daizhi's Collected Works": "Since the celestial calendar, the only ancestors in the country are Yonggong Yugong Bosheng and Yuzhang Jiegong Manshuo. , Wushang, Huang Gong, Jin Qing and Gong (Liu Guan) are just four people who know him well." Song Nao's "Man Tang Shuo Shi" says: "In the early Yuan Dynasty, the Jinyuan School was invaded, and Haowen was the main sect. Later, it was called Yu, Yang, Fan, and Jie." Another example is Shen Deqian's "Shuo Shi Yu Yu": "The four schools of poetry, Yu, Yang, Fan and Jie, are rivals in poetry. Among them, the old officials of the Han court are the most."
Yu Ji said: "Zhong The poems of Hong (Yang Zai) are like those of a warrior in a hundred battles, the poems of Deji (Fan Zhen) are like the Tang Dynasty and Jin Dynasties, the poems of Manshuo (Jie Xisi) are like beautiful hairpin flowers (one is "The Three-Day Bride"), and his own poems are like "The Three-Day Bride". "Old official of the Han Dynasty". It is said that Jiexisi was not happy when he heard this comment, because Jiexi's poems were quite serious. The content of Yuji's poems showed a strong national consciousness. He wrote in "Elegy to the Prime Minister" "" is a poem full of mourning for Wen Tianxiang, a loyal minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who would rather die than surrender. Some people even said: "How can one read this poem without crying? "The text is also fluent and smooth. There is another saying: "From Brother De Guanfu and Ji Tong came out of Xingzhou Prefecture. After the Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion and died without official service. Ji came to Wumen to scan the tomb, and came to Qiong Han family from outside to find his brother's remains: The poem "My country is broken and my family is gone, and my lips are dead and my teeth are cold." I don't know who wrote it for me. I can't help but shed tears when I recite it, because it is a full chapter, and it has a hidden meaning." The poem also expresses the same. Thoughts and feelings. In the poem "Zhao Qianli Xiaojing", he said that "the clouds and wild water have remained for three hundred years", which also means that the Song Dynasty died when Yu Ji was two years old. However, due to the tense ethnic relations in the Yuan Dynasty, it was even included in the work. Revealing national consciousness.
Some of Yu Ji's poems also wrote about the sufferings of the people, such as "Ci Yun Chen Xi Shan □ Lu", "Qi Juxuan", etc. In addition, he carried out the policy of ethnic vendetta against the Yuan rulers. He was quite dissatisfied. Most of his poems were works with empty content. Yu Ji grew up in a peaceful and stable period, and his poems were generally written in a peaceful style, such as "Untitled". While "Wen Ji Zhu" presents a hazy realm, "Wen Ji Zhu" presents an elegant and bland picture, "Late Day Odd Titles", "Listening to the Rain", "Gong Ci", etc. give people a peaceful and quiet impression.
Yu Ji's poetry style is severe and the rhythm is mature.
There are more than 20 poems written by Yu Ji in existence today. Most of them describe personal worries and emotions, lacking the content of social life, and the description of scenery is also mediocre and featureless, except for "The Wind Enters the Pine" "The painting hall's red sleeves lean against the clear air" is eye-catching. There is a sentence in it that says: "Apricot blossoms and spring rain are in the south of the Yangtze River", which outlines the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River and is fascinating. Xinghua Chunyu was originally renovated with Lu You's poetic touch. It is said that his contemporaries Chen Lu and Zhang Qiyan admired this poem. At that time, Jifang even woven it on Luo Tie as a work of art for people to appreciate.
Most of Yu Ji's prose were written about official affairs, praising the powerful and advocating Neo-Confucianism. At that time, most of the ancestral temple and court records and the inscriptions of princes and officials were written by him. But there are also some letters and biographies that express the author's thoughts and temperament. For example, "Chen □'s Short Biography" describes the story of Chen □, a scholar in the Song Dynasty who died in Changzhou, praising his loyalty. Another example is the "Reply to Liu Guiyin", which highly praised Liu for not serving as an official. He praised Liu for "frost fell and the ice dried up, while the pines and cypresses withered, the sand and gravel disappeared, and the gold shined alone." The praise of characters loyal to the Zhao and Song dynasties here is consistent with the national consciousness revealed in his poems.
Yu Ji also has some prose that expresses his political ideals and his deep understanding of social physics. "Hai Qiao Shuo" focuses on the principle of "cooking a lot to nourish the virtuous, promoting it so that the world can be nourished by it", "Yi Shuo Yi Jin" emphasizes that doctors should have a benevolent heart, etc. He is the author of 50 volumes of "Ancient Records of Taoyuan Studies". Yu Ji's poems, essays and paintings, the red sleeves of the hall are leaning against the clear air, and the hair is full of hairpins. Several times in the evening, I went straight to the Jinluan Hall. The spring breeze was soft and the flowers stopped. The imperial edict was issued to pass on the palace candle, and Qingluo tried on the imperial robe for the first time. Yugou Bingpan's water moves blue. Feiyan murmured. The heavy curtains are still cold, who can send them and seal them with silver and clay. Reporting the return of Mr. Xi, apricot blossoms and spring rains in the south of the Yangtze River. —— Yuan Dynasty·Yu Ji "Wind into the Pine·Send to Ke Jingzhong"
Wind into the Pine·Send to Ke Jingzhong The red sleeves of the painting hall are leaning against the clear air, and the hair is full of hairpins. Several times in the evening, I went straight to the Jinluan Hall. The spring breeze was soft and the flowers stopped. The imperial edict was issued to pass on the palace candle, and Qingluo tried on the imperial robe for the first time.
Yugou Bingpan water moves blue. Feiyan murmured. The heavy curtains are still cold, who can send them and seal them with silver and clay. Reporting the return of Mr. Xi, apricot blossoms and spring rains in the south of the Yangtze River. Graceful and graceful, people sit around the screen with poems and scenery, and the crimson wax sways to illuminate it. After many years of love in the capital, everything has changed. Suddenly, I heard the spring rain and recalled the south of the Yangtze River. ——"Listening to the Rain" by Yu Ji of the Yuan Dynasty
Listening to the Rain Sitting around the screen with hair on the temples, the crimson wax is shaking to illuminate the room.
After many years of love in the capital, everything has changed. Suddenly, I heard the spring rain and recalled the south of the Yangtze River. When writing about rain, I feel lonely and homesick in this life. There is always love in the mountains and rivers. Pine trees grow around the house for no reason, making the sound of wind the sound of rain. ——"Sitting Alone in the Courtyard" by Yu Ji of the Yuan Dynasty
Sitting Alone in the Courtyard Wherever I send my life, there is always love in the mountains and rivers.
Pine trees grow around the house for no reason, making the sound of wind the sound of rain.
Three Hundred Ancient Poems, Loneliness, Homesickness and Patriotism View more of Yu Ji’s poems >>