Xian Xinghai (1905 ~ 1945) was a famous musician in modern China and a composer in China. He used to be Huang Xun and Kong Yu. Born in Panyu, Guangdong Province, he was born in a poor boatman's family in Macau. /kloc-0 was born in macau on June 3rd, 905. 19 18 entered the violin school affiliated to lingnan university in June, and 1926 entered the Peking University conservatory of music and the music department of the national academy of arts. 65438-0928 entered Shanghai National Conservatory of Music to study violin and piano, and published the famous music prose "Cosmic Music". From 65438 to 0929, he went to Paris to work and study, and studied under the famous violinist Pani Obedov and the famous composer Paul Dukas. 193 1 was admitted to the Paris Conservatory of Music. Studying in the choir composition class. During his stay in France, he created more than ten works, such as The Wind and Roaming Sonata in D minor. 1935 After returning to China, he took an active part in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, wrote a large number of combative mass songs, and composed music for progressive films such as Top Gun, March of Youth, Drama Resurrection and Thunderstorm. After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he joined the Second Team of Shanghai National Salvation Drama, and then went to Wuhan with Zhang Shu to be responsible for the national salvation singing movement. From 1935 to 1938, he created various types of vocal music works, such as "Salvation Army Song, I'm afraid I can't resist it", "Guerrilla Army Song", "The Road is ours", "The Boundless Siberia", "Children of the Motherland", "Going Behind the Enemy" and "On Taihang Mountain". From 65438 to 0938, he served as the director of the music department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an, and taught part-time in "Women's University". After teaching, he created immortal masterpieces such as The Yellow River Cantata and Production Chorus. 1940 went to study and work in the Soviet union, 10 died in Moscow on October 30th.
2. Wen Yiduo
China was a great patriot in modern times, a staunch democratic fighter, an early leader of China Democratic League, a close friend, poet and scholar of China Communist Party. Formerly known as Wen Jiahua, also known as Duoduo, Yiduo and Yiduo, the word is especially three and especially good.
Guangxu of Qing Dynasty,1October 22 (1899165438+1October 24) was born in Xiabahe Town, Qishui County, Hubei Province.
19 12 was admitted to Tsinghua University, and likes reading China's ancient poems, poems, history books and notes. 19 16 began to publish a series of reading notes in Tsinghua Weekly, collectively called February Lu. Write old-style poems at the same time. 19 19 actively participated in the student movement during the may 4th movement, and once represented the school at the National Student Union Conference (Shanghai).
1April, 920, published the first vernacular "student of the walker". In September of the same year, the first new poem "West Bank" was published.
192 1 year1kloc-0/year initiated the establishment of Tsinghua Literature Society with Liang Shiqiu and others. In March of the following year, he wrote "Research on Metric Poetry" and began to systematically study the theory of metrical new poetry.
1July, 922, rushed to Chicago Academy of Fine Arts to study. At the end of the year, the Winter Night Grass Review, co-authored with Liang Shiqiu, represented Wen Yiduo's early view of new poetry. The first book of poetry, Red Candle, was published in 1923, which combined the theme of anti-imperialism and patriotism with the form of aestheticism. 1925 After returning to China in May, he successively served as a professor at the 4th National Sun Yat-sen University (1928 was renamed Central University, and 1949 was renamed Nanjing University), Wuhan University (served as the first dean of the Art College and designed the school logo), Qingdao University, Beijing Institute of Art, Political University, Tsinghua University and Southwest Associated University. Former president of Beijing Institute of Art.
The second book of poetry, Dead Water, was published in 1928, showing deep patriotic passion in decadence. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of classical literature. Four ancient books, The Book of Changes, The Book of Songs, Zhuangzi and The Songs of the South, were sorted out and studied, and then compiled into Classical New Meaning, which Guo Moruo called "unprecedented, followed by no one".
1937 at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at the National Southwest United University. During the eight-year anti-Japanese war, he grew a beard and vowed never to shave it off until the victory of the anti-Japanese war, expressing his determination to fight the war to the end.
3.wang wei
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was famous and successful, with a high official, originally from Qi (now Qixian, Shanxi), moved to Yongji, Shanxi, believed in Buddhism and lived in Lantian in his later years. He is good at drawing figures, bamboos and landscapes. There are two kinds of landscapes recorded by the Tang people: one is similar to Li's father and son, the other is painted by breaking ink, and the latter is his masterpiece. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works. Su Shi commented that "there are paintings in poetry; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " He is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan Jinshi He served as Da Lecheng and You Shiyi. When An Lushan rebelled, he was forced to assume a false post. He has made great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Dongpo praised him for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting", especially for his achievements in landscape poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng". In his later years, he was careless about his official career and devoted himself to being a Buddha. Later, he was called "Shi Fo".
4. Cui Hao
Cui Hao was born in Bianzhou (AD 704? -754) Tang Xuanzong was a scholar in Kaiyuan 1 1 year (AD 723). He is quick-witted and good at writing poems, and he is a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wen Yuan Biography of Old Tang Dynasty compares him with Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Meng Haoran, but his official career is ups and downs, and he will never succeed. There are not many accounts about him in history, and there are few legends and stories about him in his hometown of Bianzhou. Tang Hao's old biography is so brief that even his literary achievements are not mentioned. What are these for? It is worth thinking about.
5. Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427) was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Also known as money, he is cheerful and quiet in private. Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. He comes from a poor bureaucratic landlord family. Educated by Confucianism since childhood, I am full of illusions about life and hope to realize my ambition of "helping the poor" through my official career. Since the age of 29, he has served as Jiangzhou wine-offering, Zhenjun joining the army and pengze county. He was dissatisfied with the dark reality that Turkish landlords were in power at that time. When he was appointed as pengze county, he resigned from his post and went home only for more than 80 days because he didn't want to "bend over and fight for rice". It goes without saying that he wrote the word "come home and come to Xi". From then on, he devoted himself to self-financing until he died of poverty and illness at the age of 63. He is good at poetry, and most of his poems describe the natural scenery and his life scenes in the countryside. His excellent works imply his hatred and unwillingness to go with the flow of the decadent ruling group, but there are also negative thoughts such as "impermanence of life" and "happiness and peace of mind". On the other hand, poems with another theme, such as "Jing Ke Fu", show his political ambition, which is quite compassionate and generous. The most famous prose is Peach Blossom Spring. Tao Yuanming's poems are both plain and hearty, and his language is simple and natural, which is extremely refined. There is Tao Yuanming's collection.
6. Buffon
George louis leclerc de Buffon (1707— 1788), a French naturalist and writer, was born in a noble family in Mont parque. Educated by the church since childhood, I like natural science. At the age of 26, he entered the French Academy of Sciences, and later served as the director of the Royal Garden (Botanical Garden), and was accepted as an academician by the French Academy.
biography
Buffon was born in France, 1707. His father was a Lord in a region of France and a member of parliament. Well-off families make Buffon not have to worry about daily necessities. As a teenager, Buffon studied law according to his father's wishes. 1727, Buffon met a Swedish mathematician. Under his influence, Buffon focused on the field of mathematics. A few years later, Buffon crossed the English Channel and arrived in England. There, he was infected by the academic atmosphere in Britain, impressed by the theory of the great scientist Newton, and began to study physics. After returning to France, he translated the works of British scholars into French, conducted his own research and published scientific papers. 1739 was awarded the title of cooperative academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences and was appointed as the director of the Royal Botanical Garden. Since then, his research direction has turned to the evolution of animals and plants and the earth.
Wide interests, in-depth research and beautiful writing are Buffon's strengths, which is also the guarantee for him to complete the vast 36-volume natural history. This masterpiece covers a wide range of knowledge, including the earth, birds, minerals, oviparous animals and so on. It is a complete natural history of the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom except invertebrates. Perhaps because of his aristocratic background, Buffon despised "low-level" invertebrates and refused to degrade himself to study them. However, don't deny Buffon's scientific spirit. He attaches great importance to experiments and thinks that only experiments can clarify some biological concepts. Therefore, when necessary, he will also take off his luxurious shirt and do experiments on animals himself. Poverty can make people depressed, and wealth can make people impetuous, while Linnai and Buffon obviously overcame the negative effects of poverty and wealth. The encyclopedic writing of "Natural History" will not happen overnight. To endure loneliness, settle down and study, the nobles who indulge in debauchery can't do this. Buffon's works provided rich materials for later researchers, and his beautiful and moving writing also led the interest of the French public to the field of biology.
7. Fabers
1823 65438+On February 22nd, Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre, a French entomologist, animal behaviorist and writer, was born in a farmhouse in Saint-Rennes village, Provence, France. Known as "Homer of Insects" by the world and "Vergilius of Insects" by the French. In the following years, Fables spent time with his grandparents in Malaval, not far from the village. At that time, he was attracted by lovely insects such as butterflies and slugs in the country.
1829, Fabres returned to St. Rennes to start school, but that childhood has been deeply engraved in his heart.
1833, fabrice's family came to rodez, and his father made a living by running a coffee shop.
1837, the family moved to Toulouse. Fables entered the seminary in Toulouse, but dropped out of school, went out to make a living, worked on the railway and sold lemons in the market. Later, he passed the selection examination of avignon Normal School, won a scholarship, and obtained a diploma from an institution of higher learning after three years' study. After graduation, Fables, then 19 years old, began his teaching career in Cabentra. His course was the history of natural science.
1849 was appointed as a physics teacher in ajaccio, Corsica. The beautiful natural scenery and rich species on the island ignited his enthusiasm for studying animals and plants. Le Quinn, a botanist in avignon, taught him knowledge. After that, he followed Mocan-Tang Tong to collect flowers and plants everywhere. This knowledgeable tutor laid a solid foundation for Fabres to become a naturalist and embark on the road of scientific research.
1853, fabrice returned to the French mainland, was hired by a school in avignon, and moved his family into a simple house in the Rue Saint Dominique.
1857, he published "Observation on the Habit of Ophiuchus argus", which corrected the wrong view of Leon dufour, the founder of entomology at that time, thus winning the praise of French research institute and being awarded the experimental physiology prize. During this period, Fabers also devoted himself to the study of natural dye madder or alizarin. At that time, the red color on French soldiers' trousers came from madder powder.
In 1860, Fabres obtained three patents for this kind of research. Later, at the invitation of Victor Durui, Minister of Education, fabrice was in charge of the organization and teaching of an adult night school, but its free teaching method caused some people's dissatisfaction. So he quit his job and settled in Orange with his family for more than ten years. In this decade, Fabres completed the first volume of ten volumes of Insects. During this period, he and his friends went to Wandu several times to collect plant specimens. In addition, he also met the British philosopher Mill, but Mill died young, which made their previous plan "Vascruz Vegetation Grand View" die. At the same time, a great misfortune befell Fabres: he had six children, among whom Jules, the only son, shared the same interests with his father and loved observing nature, and died at the age of sixteen. Since then, Fables has dedicated several plants he discovered to Jules who died young to express his memory. The study of fungi has always been one of Fables' hobbies.
1878, he wrote many wonderful academic articles on the theme of Vacruzzi's fungi. He also made a detailed study of Kuaizi and described his fragrance in detail. Gourmets claim that they can taste all the flavors described in his works from real chopsticks.
/kloc-in 0/879, fabrice bought a barren stone garden in Ang, cellini [font color=#000000] and lived there until his death. This is a barren land, but it is the favorite land of insects. In addition to living for his family, there is also his study, studio and testing ground, which can make him concentrate on quiet thinking and devote himself to various observations and experiments. It can be said that this is the world he has always dreamed of. It was here that Fabres finished the last nine volumes of Insects while observing and experimenting, while sorting out the observation notes, experimental records and scientific notes of insects in the first half of his life. Today, this former residence has become a museum, quietly located in a botanical garden with strong Provence style. [/font]
Fabers insisted on self-study all his life, and successively obtained bachelor's degree, bachelor's degree in mathematics, bachelor's degree in natural science and doctor's degree in natural science. He is proficient in Latin and Greek and loves the works of Horace, an ancient Roman writer, and Virgil, a poet. He almost taught himself painting and watercolor painting, and many of his exquisite illustrations of fungi were praised by the Nobel Prize in Literature winner and French poet Frederic mistral. In his later years, Fabres's success in insects earned him the reputation of "Homer of Insects" and "Poet of Science", and his achievements were widely recognized by the society. Although fabrice has won many scientific titles, he is still as simple, shy and humble as ever, and leads a poor life. His talent was admired by scholars at that time, including British biologist Darwin, Belgian playwright maeterlinck, Nobel Prize in Literature winner of 19 1 1, German writer Jung, French philosopher Bergson, poet Malamei, Provence writer Roumani, and so on. Because Fables' experiment was accurately recorded in Insect Tales, which revealed many secrets of insect life and habits, Darwin called Fables an "imitative observer". When he lived in Cerini, many scholars and writers visited him in succession. Fabres had received Pasteur, British philosopher Mill and other scholars in his own residence, but his correspondence with them was not frequent. Victor Durui, Minister of Education, recommended Fables to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, who awarded him the Medal of Honor. French politician Raymond Poincare paid tribute to him by making a detour through Cerini. Fabres's works with multiple identities are varied: as a naturalist, he left many academic works on animals and plants, including Madder: Patents and Papers, Animals in avignon, Cuckoo, Mushrooms on Olive Trees, Grape Root Aphids and so on. As a teacher, he has compiled many textbooks of chemical physics. As a poet, he wrote many poems in Provence in southern France, and was affectionately called "Gadfly Poet" by the local people. In addition, he translated the works of some Provencal poets into French. In his spare time, he also creates some ditties with his small mouth. However, among Fabres's works, Insect is the longest, the most important and the most widely known one. This work not only shows his talent and literary talent in scientific observation and research, but also conveys his humanistic spirit and incomparable love for life to readers.