1, direct lyric
Take the first person "I" as the lyric subject, and directly express the author's thoughts and feelings. It's also called direct expression. For example, the central sentence of Li Bai's Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu is "Ah, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" On the basis of narrative description, the author expressed his thoughts and feelings of not colluding with the rulers with the passion of volcanic eruption.
Another example is Lu You's poem "Xiuer": "When you die, you will know that everything is empty and you will see Kyushu's sorrow. Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Nai Weng. " The first two sentences begin with comments, expressing the poet's patriotic feelings of restoring the Central Plains until his death.
2. Indirect lyricism
Indirect lyricism can be divided into three categories according to the author's borrowing things: borrowing scenery to express feelings, borrowing things to express feelings, and borrowing things to express feelings.
Poets use various artistic techniques to express their thoughts and feelings euphemistically. It is divided into scene blending, borrowing scenery to match feelings, and expressing things. For example, Li Bai's "A Gift to Wang Lun" and Liu Yuxi's "Ci of Zhi Zhu" all adopt indirect lyric methods on the basis of narration. The difference is that the former uses "Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet" as a metaphor for "Wang Lun sends me love", while the latter skillfully uses homophonic pun "Tao is sunny or sunny" to express the subtle love between lovers.
Extended data:
Borrow scenery to express feelings or blend scenes.
When a poet feels something about a scene or an objective thing, he entrusts his feelings and thoughts to the scene to express it, and expresses it through the description of the scene and the object. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express his feelings.
Scenery blending: it includes three forms: first, emotion in the scene, second, emotion in the scene, and third, emotion writing in the scene. In China's ancient poems, pines, bamboos, Meilan, rock streams, ancient desert roads, sunset at the border, jathyapple breeze, drizzling grass, banana residue, phoenix tree drizzle, duckweed, swan crane, roadside kiosks, etc. are often the objects for poets to express their feelings, and these scenery are no longer purely natural things, but carry and convey people's extremely rich and complicated thoughts and feelings. For example, Bai Juyi's "The Mountain Fire is Unfinished, and the Spring Breeze is High" vividly expresses his admiration for tenacious vitality through the image of "original grass".
For example, Liu Yong's Where Do You Wake Up Tonight, and Yang Liuan Xiao Feng's Canyue, the description of this scene contains the poet's infinite sadness and hatred.
In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but there are also ways to write the sad scene with the happy scene, or write the sad scene with Syaraku's feelings.
The most typical example is in the Book of Songs: "I wasn't there yesterday, Liu Yiyi. I think about it today, it's raining. " Yi-Liu Yang, the beautiful spring scenery is intoxicating, but it is a sad time to leave; It's raining, it's raining, it's freezing, and it's time for my husband to return home! Writing mourning with music scenes or writing mourning with Syaraku can double the effect of mourning.
For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was rather muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell" said: "When my brother misinterpreted the boat, the red leaves and green hills rushed. It's still far from waking up at sunset, and it's raining down the west building. " The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first "Red Leaves and Castle Peak" in the League reflects the poet's feelings of leaving sorrow and not hating. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Write mourning with joy, mourn Syaraku, and take advantage of his sadness."
Hold something to express your wishes.
It is often used in poetry and prose, that is, the author expresses his thoughts and feelings or some character's ambition implicitly by describing something.
For example, Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the Song Dynasty, wrote a famous poem "Love Lotus", and expressed his pursuit of life with the image of lotus.
For example, Gong Zizhen's "Sick Plum House" in the Qing Dynasty expressed the author's resentment and urgent desire for improvement against the feudal rulers of the Qing Dynasty by means of Mei's discussion on politics and expression of ambition.
For example, Wang's "A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada" shows that his noble character was not known at that time through the portrayal of the image.
Lyricism through history
For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Zhong Lu] Flower Songs" reminisces about the past. "Beauty committed suicide on the banks of Wujiang River. The war once burned Chibi Mountain, and the generals were empty and old. The song "Sadness in Qin and Han Dynasties, Life Exhausted, Literati Sighed" lamented the war between rulers and nations in Qin and Han Dynasties, which brought great disasters to the people and showed the author's sympathy for the people's thoughts and feelings.
For example, both Du Mu and Wang Anshi wrote "The Pavilion on the Wujiang River". Du Mu regretted Xiang Yu's suicide: "The victory and defeat of the military was unexpected, and it was shameful. The children of Jiangdong are brilliant, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback. " However, Wang Anshi realized that Xiang Yu's failure was a historical necessity: "The brave are exhausted after many battles, and the Central Plains is hard to recover after being defeated. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, can they come back with the king? "
Another situation is to distort historical facts with reality, or lament personal experience, or attack social reality. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Nostalgia" and Xin Qiji's "Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia" are just like this. There is another situation, just grasping some shadows of history and deliberately using them, such as Jia Sheng of Li Shangyin.