-Appreciation of ancient poems on climbing mountains
Wen/Qi Fengyan
From the reading of China's ancient poems, we will find that ancient literati have the habit of "paying for climbing mountains". There is a saying from Confucius in The Biography of Han Poetry: "A gentleman who climbs a mountain must be endowed, but what does a boy want?" Confucius believes that a gentleman can write poems to tell his inner feelings after climbing the mountain. "Climbing to the top must be endowed" was later regarded as a necessary skill for literati, and almost all ancient poets practiced it, so Liu Xie said in the article "Carving Dragons with Literary Mind and Thinking" that "climbing mountains is full of emotions". Of course, climbing is not limited to climbing mountains, but also climbing buildings (including Taiwan, Pavilion and City). Climbers are peaks, and feelings are vertical and horizontal. Let's understand the thoughts and thoughts, rejuvenating and sending, feelings and feelings of ancient poets from the poems of climbing mountains.
Wang Zhihuan's at heron lodge is the first poem I want to talk about. "mountains cover the white sun, and oceans drain the golden river. But you widen your view three hundred miles, by going up one flight of stairs. " On the other hand, the elevation of the height makes the poet far away from the sunset. On the other hand, the space on which the poet is based is open and broad, and the poet's robe is open-minded, with the potential of the Yellow River water entering the sea. The feelings and sentiments are incomparable on weekdays, and the two unexpected words after the whole poem are suddenly born, thus leaving a lasting farewell and lasting for generations. "Ascending to the top must be endowed" is not "worrying about adding new words", but the change of environment will inevitably bring about different moods; And height is a kind of distance, and there is a kind of rising in it, while poetry belongs to the distance, which is a kind of high dance; Most of the high platforms, buildings and peaks are quiet places. Expanding horizons and embracing them clearly are conducive to the trigger and formation of feelings, so that poets can either express their philosophies or express their feelings. I think the above three points can explain why poets "climb high and must be endowed"
Chen Ziang's "on a Gate-Tower at Youzhou" is a well-known poem: "where, before me, are the ages that have gone?, and where, behind me, are the coming generations?. I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, and I am all alone and my tears fall down. " Literati in China often cherish the idea of joining the WTO and life ambition of "to be loyal to the monarch and to be obedient, and then to make the customs pure". Embracing sharp weapons and stabilizing the border troubles is the poet Chen Ziang's lofty ambition. However, he didn't meet his talent, and wrote this generous and sad 22-character on Youzhou Taiwan, which showed the poet's frustration and depression. This kind of sadness is often shared by many talented people in the old society, so it has been widely heard. It is worth noting here that the whole poem does not describe Youzhou Terrace, just like Du Fu's "Climbing the Ci 'en Temple Tower with the Gentlemen" or other poets' climbing works, it does not describe the mountains, terraces, towers and buildings that it has boarded. The talents who are far away from the crowd on the high platform look at their true feelings and their pursuit of life texture. The high platform is the external objective environment of poetry, and the lonely high platform intensifies the poet's inner sense of loneliness, and the lonely and lonely poet's inner feelings paint the lonely high platform with a desolate and cold tone.
This combination of solitude and solitude is quite vivid in Liu Yin's poem "Man and Moon Circle" in Yuan Dynasty:
In the vast flood furnace, nothing is not cold and gray. How many ancient and modern, waste smoke and waste bases, old trees are left behind. Taihang is like a sharp, Yellow River is like a belt, and so on are dust. Needless to sigh, bloom flowers fall, spring goes and spring comes.
in this poem, the poet boarded one of several platforms in an open field, thinking about the past and the present, thinking about the whole world, the vast land, and the long history rushed from his mind to his eyes at that moment, and he couldn't help feeling a lot. The ancient battlefield is abandoned and desolate, and the platform will eventually be weathered and eroded to ashes, and everything will be misty. Several dynasties later, we read this poem and see the poet in this scene. Is the passage of time building a high platform? From this perspective, is the writing of the big situation of "waiting for dust" pushing the past far away? I like the ending of the poem, "No need to sigh, flowers bloom and fall, and spring goes and spring comes." Calm, calm and detached should be the best state after feeling.
From this, I can see the influence of the environment on people's mood and poetic thinking, and also see the cultural and psychological hints of literature on a particular thing or scene. Gaotai is no longer a cold object, but appears in poetry as a symbolic image full of emotions. In some poets' climbing poems, it symbolizes the lonely and lonely life situation, and also symbolizes the spiritual realm of high and low, high and independent.
For example, Du Fu's famous poem "Ascending the Mountain" is a collection of the above feelings:
in a sharp gale from the wide sky apes are whimpering, birds are flying homeward over the clear lake and white sand.
leaves are dropping down like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river always rolling on.
I have come three thousand miles away. Sad now with autumn, and with my hundred years of woe, I climb this height alone.
ill fortune has laid a bitter frost on my temples, heart-ache and weariness are a thick dust in my wine.
in addition, in this poem, the image of high platform is integrated with the bleak autumn and the loneliness and illness of people, which develops the traditional aesthetic fashion of "taking sadness as beauty" to a high level. The poem is full of autumn shapes, autumn sounds, autumn colors, and autumn States. The high apes wail, the empty valley mourns, the glory is fleeting, and the ambition is hard to be rewarded. Song Yu's lament that "sadness is the spirit of autumn" has dyed every word. "I have come three thousand miles away. Sad now with autumn, and with my hundred years of woe, I climb this height alone." Wan Li is far away; Sad autumn, when the miserable also; Be a guest and travel; In a hundred years, the teeth are also dying; Sick and sick; Taiwan, high place also; On stage alone, no relatives or friends. It can be said that Du Fu's poem is the representative work of the sad beauty of climbing poems in Tang Dynasty.
If the beauty of sadness mentioned above is a main feature of climbing poems in Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's climbing poems let me see the diversity of climbing poems. Li Bai went to Shu with his father when he was young, and Shu was mountainous. His childhood climbing complex appeared unconsciously in Li Bai's later works, and he mainly climbed mountains. On the other hand, Li Bai accepted the Taoist view that there are immortals living in every mountain. For example, in the ancient style "Phoenix Flying", there is a poem of "Ten Climbing the Building Mountain, Looking at the Fairy Truth". In "Send Cen Zhengjun to Minggao Mountain", there is a poem of "Climbing to the top of the world, thinking and becoming neighbors". Therefore, in Li Bai's climbing poems, which are romantic and love nature, his description of mountains and rivers is still bold and exciting, even though he has a lack of talent, a sigh of home and country and thoughts of ancient and modern times. Reading "Climbing the Taibai Peak" makes you wander in fantasy, ups and downs, jumping and changing, and thinking strange words. You must never say anything unless you are a fallen fairy:
The Taibai Peak in the west climbs, and the sunset climbs in poverty. Venus greets me, to open the customs for me. I would like to take that breeze and fly between the clouds. Hands up can be close to the moon, flying forward seems to have no mountain obstacles. Say goodbye to martial arts, and when will you see it again?
similarly, the poem "Going to Baling on the 9th, Drinking and Looking at the Water Army in Dongting" is also full of magnificent sentences. It's really "singing songs can excite strong men and destroy the demon atmosphere"! Li Bai also wrote a poem "Send Du Erfu to the East Shimen in Lujun".
don't be drunk for a few days, and board the pool platform.
when Shimen road is opened again, there will be a golden bottle.
the eyes fall in Surabaya, and the sea is bright.
the flying canopy is far away from each other, and the cup is in the hand.
As can be seen from this poem, ancient literati also had the habit of meeting in pairs to visit and enjoy the chat. Li Bai and Du Fu, two great poets, are both addicted to alcohol and love to travel around mountains and waters. They are separated in the crisp autumn and charming scenery. Above the mountains, at the end of the pavilion, the scenery is panoramic. There is no need to really have wine. Your feelings are my drunkenness, and my style is your prosperity. The whole poem has never shed tears, but it has faded away.
Wei Yingwu's "Going upstairs to send Wang Qing" is also a farewell work. One or two sentences have a gentle rhythm, "stepping on the pavilion-climbing the forest-hating is different, and Chu Yun-the sea-thinking is endless". Here, the meaning unit and the phonological unit are exactly the same, and each sentence has seven words, which are full of twists and turns, like a poet's thoughts; The self-rightness in the sentence also makes the rhythm of these two sentences slow down. Therefore, although the poet's feelings are strong, they are not endless in performance, and they wander in the rhythm of Shu Xu, giving readers a feeling of sadness and sadness. Three or four sentences, "Several families stand under the autumn mountain and a county is in the cold rain", are inseparable from the real scene in front of them, but they are closely related to the poet's state of mind: the sound of anvil and pestle is often associated with feelings of parting in poetry, and it is this sad voice that shakes his heartstrings and arouses his unbearable sense of loneliness and yearning for his old friend; Autumn wind and autumn rain make people sad, and the poet seems to see the concrete image of endless melancholy and confusion caused by his parting from hate from the picture of Jing Zhen in the misty rain. Tell the story first, then the scenery, and the situation is in the scene, the more difficult it is to feel.
Another modality of climbing poems is the combination of climbing and Double Ninth Festival. Wang Wei's on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong is a household name. Here is another poem, Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days, written by Du Mu:
Jiang Hanqiu's geese are flying at the beginning, and they are carrying a pot with them. The world is troubled with a smile, and the chrysanthemum blooms when it is in full bloom.
but you will be rewarded as drunk as a fiddler, so you don't have to hate the sunset. Life is short history, after all, why, like qi jinggong to tears in the eyes.
There are two kinds of emotions in the poem: depression and joy. Du Mu is a "guest" and Zhang Hu is indignant at being abandoned by the imperial court, but the poet is also happy to travel with his partner. The poet wants to comfort his friends (and himself) with a happy smile and holiday drunkenness, but the depression still exists. After all, it is a rare smile in the world, and the sunset is just around the corner. Therefore, the poet further comforted himself: "This is the case throughout the ages. Why does Niu Shan have to be alone?" It seems that no matter the poet or the world, how many people can be truly broad-minded, refreshing and arrogant?
The Interpretation of the Literary Mind and Carving Dragons says that "the original husband's purpose of climbing the mountain is to cover things and arouse feelings", which is really true. In climbing poems, mountains, terraces, pavilions and buildings have become substitutes for a corner of the soul, humanized landscapes and emotional carriers for poets to externalize their hearts. The high platform is the physical inducement of the innate loneliness and loneliness of human individual life in the vast universe and time, and the poems of climbing the mountain are the spiritual testimony of the lonely poetry soul, and the flowers planted by the poet on the barren high platform.