Yang Wanli
After all, in mid-June,
The scenery is different from the four seasons.
Lotus leaves are infinitely green,
Lotus is bright red.
[Notes]
1. Xiao: Good morning. Jingci Temple: The full name is "Jing Ci 'en Guangxiao Temple". Lingyin Temple is two famous Buddhist temples in the north and south mountains of the West Lake. Lin Zifang: the author's friend, secretary of the cabinet in the official residence.
2. Four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. This refers to other seasons except June.
3. Infinite green: Because the lotus leaf has a wide area, it seems to be connected with the sky, so it is infinitely green.
4. Different: special, different. Another kind of red: red is particularly prominent.
[Appreciation]
The beauty of the West Lake has always been described by literati, and this song by Yang Wanli has been passed down through the ages with its unique technique, which is worth savoring. "After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June." The first sentence seems abrupt, but the actual sentence is atmospheric. Although the reader has not yet appreciated the beauty of the West Lake from the poem, he can already feel it from the amazing tone of the poet. This sentence seems to be blurted out, which is the most intuitive feeling after shock and ecstasy, thus strengthening the beauty of the West Lake. Sure enough, "the lotus leaves in the sky are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers in the sun are of different colors." The poet used "blue" and "red" to highlight the strong visual impact of lotus leaves and lotus flowers. The lotus leaf is boundless as if connected with the sky, and the weather is magnificent, which not only depicts the infinity of the lotus leaf, but also renders the grandeur of heaven and earth, and has an extremely rich sense of spatial modeling. "Reflecting the sun" and "Lotus" set each other off to make the whole picture beautiful and vivid. The whole poem is easy to understand, and the outstanding thing is to write feelings first, and then write the real situation, thus creating an effect of being empty first and then real. After reading it, you can really feel the beauty of the West Lake in June, "the four seasons are different".
[Introduction to the author]
Yang Wanli (1 127— 1206) was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Jishui, Jiangxi), whose real name was Ting Xiu and Cheng Zhai. Shaoxing was a scholar in twenty-four years. When he was filial, the official served the prince. Guangzong is called the secretary supervisor. Gong Shi is one of the "Four Great Masters in Southern Song Dynasty". He began to study "Jiangxi Poetry School", then studied Wang Anshi and the poems of the late Tang Dynasty, and finally got married. He wrote more than 20,000 poems in his life. Can also read. And Zhai Chengji.
Lotus picking song
Wang Changling
Flounce skirt (1) one color,
Hibiscus flowers (2) open to both sides of the face.
Chaos 3 can't be seen in the pool,
I didn't realize that someone was coming until I heard this song.
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Changling (698-756) was born in Chang 'an, Jingzhao. Poetry is good at the seven wonders, expressing rich feelings in refined language, which is profound and meaningful. There is Wang Changling.
To annotate ...
① Luo skirt: a skirt made of silk. 2 hibiscus: lotus. 3 chaos: miscellaneous. "Chaos" refers to Cai He's daughter in the lotus pond.
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The green Luo skirt of the girl picking lotus leaves is integrated with the lotus leaves in the field, which seems to be the same color, so I can't say clearly. The girl's face is hidden in the blooming lotus, which makes each other interesting, and it is difficult to distinguish between people and flowers. He disappeared into the lotus pond, unaware of anyone, until he heard singing everywhere.
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This poem, like a beautiful picture of lotus picking, describes the working life and youthful joy of a girl picking lotus in Jiangnan.
This poem is about a girl who picks lotus, but there is no positive description. Instead, the lotus leaf is green as a skirt, the lotus flower is red as a face, and no one can hear the singing, which skillfully blends the beauty and nature of a lotus picking girl. The whole poem is lively, poetic and full of life interest.
The first two sentences of the poem make people feel that these lotus-picking girls are simply a part of beautiful nature; The last two sentences are about people standing together and gazing at each other for an instant. The first two sentences focus on objective description, while the last two sentences focus on subjective feelings. The combination of objective description and subjective feelings well shows the beautiful artistic conception that people can't compete with each other.
Mo mei
Author: Wang Mian
The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is full of flowers and light ink marks.
Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
According to the legend of West Wild Goose Lake, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, was studying in Linchi, washing pens and inkstones frequently, and the pool turned dark. There are relics of Xiyan Lake at the foot of Huiji Mountain in Zhejiang, and Linchuan in Jiangxi. Legends are all washed by Wang Xizhi. The author is a famous painter. He writes plum in light ink and elegant style. Because of the same surname as Wang Xizhi, it is called "my home", which is a superb metaphor.
Precautions:
[Mo Mei] Plum blossoms only paint ink. [Pool head] Pool edge. 【 y4n Pool 】 A pool for washing brush and inkstone. [Light ink mark] Light black marks refer to the color of flowers. [Qingqi] An aromatic smell. 【 Gan (qi2n) Kun (k &；; N)] refers to heaven and earth.
Poetic:
This picture is a tree next to my home. Every plum blossom has a faint black color, but no bright color. I don't need others to praise its beautiful color, as long as it can leave a faint fragrance between heaven and earth.
A "light" and a "full" show personality.
-Appreciation of Mo Mei
Plum blossoms are in full bloom in the cold season when flowers are dying. She stands proudly in the snow, has the fairy posture of clearing tendons and jade bone, and can predict spring before flowers bloom. The heavier the cold, the more fragrant it is. Therefore, the ancients often regarded her as a symbol of strong character and high integrity. The plum blossom in this lesson refers to the colorless plum blossom drawn only in ink, which looks very elegant and generous. Wang Mian, the author of this poem, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and was called "the master of painting plum blossoms". This is a poem about plum blossoms drawn by the author himself. The ink plum described in the poem is beautiful, fragrant and unique.
The ancients wrote poems and paid attention to refining words. Plum blossoms in poems (also known as paintings) grow by the pool where the author washes the brush and inkstone every day, and each plum blossom shows faint ink marks. One or two sentences describe the shape of plum blossom by line drawing. The word "light" not only expresses the painting method of plum blossom, but also depicts the simple and elegant style of plum blossom standing proudly in the cold, which is refreshing.
Look at the last sentence again. Why do poets especially like to draw pale ink plum blossoms without color? It turned out that he didn't want those vulgar people to praise the gorgeous colors of plum blossoms, but only wanted to keep the fresh fragrance between heaven and earth. The word "person" not only vividly describes Xiang Mei's fullness and agitation, but also highlights the poet's personality charm, which shines brightly! This unyielding and arrogant integrity is Wang Mian's interest as a poet, and this expression method of loving plum blossom spirit without pursuing vanity and beauty is Wang Mian's ingenious work as a painter.
"Plum blossom painting must have plum blossom spirit, and people are as clear as plum blossoms." That's how people praise Wang Mian. Wang Mian in reality, just like the plum blossom in his works, is unyielding and narcissistic. According to legend, Wang Mian's paintings are particularly good. The local county magistrate and a powerful rich man longed for his name, but several attempts to meet him were rejected. Finally, the county magistrate personally went to the countryside to see him. When he heard the news, he quickly hid and let the county magistrate eat the door. Therefore, the poem Mo Mei not only embodies the style of plum blossom he painted, but also embodies the author's noble taste and indifferent mind to fame and fortune, and clearly shows his firmness and pure integrity of not flattering the world.
In this poem, a "light" and a "full" have their own personalities. On the one hand, the richness of Mo Mei and the image of the poet's pride are vividly on the paper; On the other hand, it makes people feel that the fragrance of calligraphy and plum blossoms seems to come to their faces! Let "poetic style", "painting style" and personality be skillfully integrated!
New bamboo is taller than old bamboo, and their growth is supported by old branches. New students will be born next year, and ten dragons and grandchildren will go around the wind pool.
-Hsinchu in Banqiao, Zheng Qing
[Interpretation] shine on you is better than Blue, and the growth of new forces needs the active support of the older generation. Sun Long: Another name for bamboo shoots. Fengchi: Fengchi, in ancient times, refers to the seat of the Prime Minister's yamen, which refers to a pond with bamboo around it.
Titu chengnan Zhuang
Cui Hu
Last spring, in this door, the girl's face contrasted with the peach.
Wherever people go now, peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze.
Cui Hu, a native of Boling (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was a scholar in Zhenyuan and an official in Lingnan.
Cui Hu's seven-character quatrains are simple in literal meaning, straightforward and natural in language, clear and fluent. It has been told by later generations for hundreds of years, and "Peach Blossoms have Faces" is widely used as allusions and idioms. Speaking of this little poem, there is also a legendary skill, which is recorded in Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Poem of Skills. The Chronicle of Tang Poems contains this poem: "Not a first nurse, Qingming travels alone in the south of the city, and lives in the village to pick flowers and trees. After locking the door for a long time, a woman asked through the crack. Yes, I said,' looking for spring alone, I am thirsty for wine.' The woman opened the door and took the water to the jar. Lean on Mo Mo and lean on Ke, which means a lot. Cui resigned and delivered it to the door. If you are at a loss, you can enter. And never came back. When the next year is clear, I'll look for it again. The door is still the same. Just lock it. Because the title is "Last year today in this door", this poem is in its left leaf. "
The authenticity of this "skill" recorded in Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Skill Poetry is doubtful. Perhaps it is not impossible to have a poem first and then elaborate it into the above "skills". But whether this "skill" is true or not, two things seem to be certain. One is that this poem has a plot, and the other is that this "skill" helps to understand this poem.
In Cui Hu's poems, the whole story is about the past and the present, and only four sentences contain scenes in which two things are people, interdependent and interacting.
The feeling of past lives in the poem is caused by the memory of a beautiful girl who left at the first sight. From the past to the present, I wrote "Last Year" by tracing back to the source, which led to the first scene: the affair of seeking spring-"Today last year, peach blossoms set each other off." "Last year" and "this door" pointed out the time and place, which were very definite and unambiguous, showing deep recognition and accurate memory. At that time, "this door" was full of spring breeze and peach blossoms, and there stood a beautiful girl whose face and peach blossoms matched each other, which was really beautiful. Here, the poet does not directly describe the beauty of peach blossoms and women, but captures the most beautiful and moving scene in the whole process of "seeking beauty in spring", and only uses the word "set each other off in red" to vividly outline the beautiful scene of interaction, mutual contrast and competition between people. "Peach blossoms set each other off in red" not only set a beautiful background for "peach blossoms", but also set off a girl's radiant face. At the same time, it implicitly expresses the poet's infatuation and emotion, as well as the situation that both sides have nothing to say. Through this touching scene, readers' beautiful imagination of the events before and after is stimulated, leaving a broad imagination space for readers.
It has been used for a long time to describe beautiful women with flowers, which has become vulgar. However, there are several differences in this poem. First, the poet did not directly describe how gorgeous the peach blossom was and how beautiful the girl was. Instead, we only use the gorgeous peach blossoms that everyone is familiar with as the background, and indirectly set off the beautiful image of the girl with "set each other off in red" to blend the scenery with people well. Second, this poem is written in front of the real scene and is called "local scenery, bring it at hand."
At this point, the poet could have continued to write the scene of "last year", but he didn't, but changed his pen and went straight to "today". So I sketched the second scene: I couldn't find it again. It's all "Today" and "This Door", but the beautiful girl has gone. It is still the season of spring, and it is still the gateway for flowers, trees and peaches. However, I don't know where the beautiful "face" that adds luster to all this and peach blossoms has gone, only one peach blossom is still smiling in the spring breeze. Peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze, which evokes the poet's thoughts and pity for "last year" and "peach blossoms set each other off", and makes the poet feel extremely disappointed and disappointed when he revisits his hometown. Imagine, last year today, the girl I met stood under the peach tree and stared at her with a smile, affectionate and integrated with the peach blossom; Now, when people die, peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze. What can this bring back except the good memories of the past and the feeling that the good times are not often there? The word "Huan" implies the poet's infinite disappointment, regret and dismay.
Throughout the poem, the first two sentences are from today to the past, and the last two sentences are from the past to the present. Although the feelings change dramatically, the literary spirit is always low and the turning point is seamless. The language of the whole poem is simple, frank, natural, clear and smooth. In the writing technique, we mainly use "reflection contrast", take "human face" and "peach blossom" as running clues, and express two different experiences and feelings circuitously through the reflection contrast of "last year" and "today". Contrast and thinking play an extremely important role in this poem. Because I write the lost beauty in the memories facing reality, the memories are particularly precious, beautiful and emotional, which is a vivid description of "peach blossoms set each other off"; It is precisely because of such beautiful memories that I feel particularly disappointed to lose something beautiful, so I have the feeling that "where is my face, the peach blossom is still smiling in the spring breeze".
Although this poem has a certain plot, even some dramatic colors and legendary "skills" records, it is widely read. In addition to these and the language, structure and writing techniques mentioned above, the author thinks that some life experiences expressed by poetry itself are the most important aspects. "Skill" may have contributed to its wide spread, but the typical significance of this poem to readers is not that it describes an interesting story. Readers may not have had similar stories or experiences in Skills, but they may have had similar life experiences, that is, they accidentally or inadvertently met something beautiful, but when they deliberately pursued it, they could never get it back. This may be one of the main reasons why this poem has maintained its enduring artistic vitality for hundreds of years.
Appreciation of Wei's Xixi Chuzhou
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
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This is a famous landscape poem and one of Wei's representative works. This poem was written in the second year of Jianzhong in Tang Dezong (78 1), and the poet became the secretariat of Chuzhou. The Tang Dynasty ruled Chuzhou, which is now Chuxian County, Anhui Province, and Xijian was in the western suburbs of Chuzhou City. This poem is about a trip to Xijian in spring to enjoy the scenery and a trip in the evening rain. Poets write scenes with feelings. They use scenes to express their feelings, write about their likes and dislikes, and talk about their comfortable and uncomfortable situations, but their inner peace and emotional sadness naturally show up. However, whether there is sustenance in poetry and what is its significance have been debated endlessly. Some people think that it is the thorn of "the gentleman is next, the villain is above"; Some people think that "there is no need to entrust the scenery of Xixi to this couple." In fact, each has its own bias.
In the first two sentences of the poem, in the prosperous spring scenery, the poet loves the solitary grass by the ravine, but has no intention of singing attractive orioles on the deep trees, so it sets off the contrast. When the grass is poor and sober, and the oriole is tall and flattering, its metaphor for the official world is obvious, which clearly shows the poet's calm mentality. The last two sentences, the late tide and spring rain, the water is more urgent. The rural ferry, originally there were not many pedestrians, is even more deserted at the moment. So, even the boatman disappeared, and the empty ferry floated freely and carefree. Because the ferry is in the countryside, nobody cares. If you are in Jin Yao, the tide will rise in the evening rain, which is just the time when the ferry comes in handy. You can't be idle. Therefore, in this leisurely scene of water crossing the boat, there is a kind of helplessness and sadness that is not in place and not used. In the first two sentences and the last two sentences, the poet used contrast techniques and emphasized them with striking words such as "pity", "urgency" and "horizontal", which should be said to be thought-provoking.
From this perspective, this poem is entrusted. However, why do poets have such sustenance?
In the early middle Tang Dynasty, Wei was an incorruptible poet and a good official who cared about people's livelihood. During his career as an official, he was "ill, thinking of his home in the country, embarrassed to get paid, and many people were idle" (To My Friends Li Dan and Yuan Xi), and he was often in the contradiction between being an official and retiring. He was worried about the political failure in the Middle Tang Dynasty and felt guilty about the poverty of the people. He is determined to reform, but he can't. He wants to retire, but he can't. He is in a dilemma and has to let nature take its course. Zhuangzi said: "Those who are smart and know are worried; Incompetent people want nothing but food and travel. If you don't tie the boat, you will do it in vain. " ("Zhuangzi. Lie Yu Kou) Wei has a deep understanding of this. He once made it clear that he is "a boat with a leaf that is not tied to his heart" ("Going from the public to the Yellow River and sending friends to the county"), saying that although he is worried about knowing, he is ashamed of incompetence, so his career is like a wanderer, doing nothing and being at ease. In fact, Xixi Chuzhou is to express such a contradictory and helpless situation and mood. I want to retire, so I pity the grass alone; Do nothing, just follow the current. Therefore, this poem reveals a calm mind and sad feelings.
It is true that it is good to say that it is popular, but it boils down to mocking "the gentleman is next and the villain is above", which is also rigid; To say that accidental scenery has no sustenance is to separate poetry from people and become superficial, which is not in line with the poet's original intention. Therefore, instead of appreciating strangeness, it is better to analyze doubts and learn from others.
Hui Chong Chunjiang Night Scene (Two Poems)
Su Shi [Famous Sentence] Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet
[Original] Peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two, and the spring river water heating duck prophet; Artemisia arenaria is full of short reed buds, which is the time when puffer fish want to fuck.
Two or two return to the flood and break the group, and still return to the north; Before flying to the north, I knew that it was snowy in the desert in the north, or the south that spent most of the Spring Festival in the south.
[Analysis and appreciation] Winter has passed and spring has come. As soon as the water in the Chunjiang River is warm, the most prophetic ducks are playing in the river.
From spring to spring, ducks swim in the water, and the scenery is the most beautiful and beautiful.
The original poem is a painting, and it is written that ducks at the water's edge first know the news of spring. We say that whenever a new situation or news is first known by some people concerned, we all say "Duck Prophet of Spring River Plumbing".
Qiuxi
Du Mu
In the autumn night, candlelight reflected the screen, and Fan slapped the fireflies with his hand.
Day and night are as cool as water. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.
This poem describes the lonely life and desolate mood of a frustrated maid-in-waiting.
The first two sentences have painted a picture of life in the palace. On an autumn night, the white candle gives off a faint light, adding a dim and cold tone to the picture on the screen. At this time, a lonely maid-in-waiting was flapping the flying fireflies with a small fan. This sentence is very implicit and contains three meanings: first, the ancients said that rotten grass turned into fireflies. Although unscientific, fireflies were always born in those desolate places between grass graves. Nowadays, there are fireflies flying in the courtyard where maids live, and the bleak life of maids can be imagined. Secondly, we can imagine the loneliness and boredom of the maid-in-waiting from her flapping fireflies. With nothing to do, she had to release fireflies to amuse her lonely years. She beat the firefly with a small fan, and suddenly seemed to want to drive away the loneliness and loneliness that surrounded her, but what's the use? Thirdly, the small fan in the hand of the maid-in-waiting is symbolic. Fans were originally used for cooling in summer, but they are useless in autumn. Therefore, autumn fan is often used as a metaphor for abandoning a wife in ancient poetry. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the princess of Emperor Han, was once demoted by Zhao Yanfei. After falling out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Li Sao": "The new Soviet Union is as bright as frost and snow. Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon. In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze. I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cold will seize the heat. Abandon donations, and be kind. " This statement may not be credible, but when there are round fans and autumn fans in poetry, they are often associated with women who have fallen out of favor. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn: "Give a broom to open the Golden Palace and make a round fan wander", and Wang Jian's "Teasing in the Palace": "A round fan, a round fan, a beauty's illness covers her face" are all the same. Du Mu's poem "Light a Small Fan" also symbolizes the fate of the maid-in-waiting who holds the fan being abandoned.
The third sentence, "the day is sequential and the night is as cool as water." "Day steps" refer to the stone steps in the palace. "The night is as cold as water" means that the night is deep and the chill is attacking people. It's time to go into the house and sleep. But the maid-in-waiting still sat on the stone steps, looking up at the Altair and Vega on both sides of the Tianhe River. According to folklore, the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven. She marries the cow and petunia and meets him once a year when crossing the river on Qixi, with a magpie as the bridge. The "distant Altair" in Nineteen Ancient Poems of Han Dynasty is to write their stories. The maid-in-waiting watched Penny Weaver for a long time and didn't want to sleep at night, because the story of Penny Weaver touched her heart, reminded her of her unfortunate life experience and made her yearn for sincere love. It can be said that it is full of worries and expectations.
Mei Yu Sheng said: "It is bound to be difficult to write. If there are endless opinions at present, it would be best at that time." (See Poem on June 1st) These two sentences just illustrate the artistic features of this poem. One or three sentences describe the scenery and present the scenery of the deep palace autumn night to the readers very realistically. The word "cold", as an adjective used in verbs, is full of atmosphere. The metaphor of "cool as water" has not only color, but also temperature. Two or four sentences about ladies-in-waiting are implicit and intriguing. Although there is not a lyric in the poem, the complex feelings of the ladies-in-waiting intertwined with sorrow and expectation are beyond words, which reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from one side.