1. In addition to words and songs, most classical poems have neat sentences. For example, the Book of Songs is basically four words, Chu Ci is generally six words plus the word "Xi", and classical poetry and modern poetry are mostly five or seven words.
2. Peace and confrontation
"Ping" and "Nuo" are two major categories of Chinese tones. In modern poetry, poetry and songs, there are quite strict regulations on the use of flat and even words. Some positions must be in plain characters, and some positions must be in plain characters. For example, "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will revive in spring" (Du Fu's "Spring Hope") is a sentence pattern of "flat and light, flat and light".
Antithesis means that in a couplet, words with the same position in the upper and lower sentences should belong to the same category, such as "green plums in the east garden and green grass in the west garden". East and West, Nursery and Garden, Plum and Green Grass, Development and Opening are opposites.
3. Words and grammar
Because each Chinese character is basically an independent unit with both form, sound and meaning, and many Chinese characters are polysemous, and the bonding relationship between words is varied, so the words in this bonding poem are extremely complicated and diverse. For example, adding a word after the word "wind" can form many words: charm, scenery, wind and thunder, wind and frost, wind and wind, etc.
Syntactically, due to the characteristics of Chinese and the independence of Chinese characters, in classical poetry, two Chinese characters are often separated or some Chinese characters are moved from the back to the front, which is called inverted sentences. Typical is Du Fu's poem "Sweet rice pecks at parrot grains, phoenix perches on old branches". The normal syntax should be "parrot pecks fragrant rice, phoenix perches on old branches"
4. Rhythm and prosody
Judging from the sentence pattern, the four words of ancient poetry are generally two and two; Five words are two, two and one; These seven words are two, two, two and one. In a sense, sometimes there are special circumstances due to ideographic needs, such as: Shila | Wuyue | Gai | Chicheng, which becomes Type II, II, I and II.