Scientific name: Dean Cedar. Cupressaceae, Cupressus.
Form and use
Evergreen trees, up to 35 meters high. DBH is two meters. The bark peeled off into strips. Branchlets slender and drooping, scaly branchlets flat. Line up in a plane, both sides are green. The scale is small, with a length of 1 ~ 1.5 mm, a sharp tip and glandular spots on the back of the central leaf. Male cones are oval and about 3 mm long. The female cone is 3 ~ 6 mm long and nearly spherical. The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 8 ~ 12 mm, and dark brown at maturity; Four pairs of seed scales can produce 5 ~ 6 seeds. Seeds oblate, about 2.5 mm long. The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruit ripening period is from May to June of the following year.
Excellent material, flat texture, fine structure, toughness and wear resistance, rich aroma, can be used as materials for buildings, cars, boats, home appliances and so on. The oil yield of seeds is 35.6%, and oil can be used to make soap. The oil content of cypress branches is 12.8%, which is used as raw materials such as lubricating oil and paint. Cones, roots and leaves can be used as medicine. Fruit can cure colds and stomachaches. Radical treatment of trauma. Ye Zhi Burns. Cypress is a landscaping tree species with drooping branches, evergreen leaves and beautiful trees.
(Zhu)
Geographical distribution and biological characteristics
Cedar is widely distributed in China, mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, southern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi, Fujian, northern Guangdong and northwestern Guangxi. The north-south distribution spans 900 kilometers, and the east-west distribution is about 1700 kilometers. The vertical distribution rises from east to west, with the elevation below 400 meters in Zhejiang, 300 ~ 1400 meters in Guizhou and 0/500 ~ 2000 meters in Yunnan.
Cypress needs a warm and humid climate. The annual average temperature in the distribution area is 13 ~ 19℃, and the annual precipitation is mostly above1000 mm. The soil requirement is not strict, it is drought-resistant and barren, but also slightly water-resistant and wet-resistant, especially it can grow on calcareous purple soil and calcareous soil with shallow soil layer, and other tree species are difficult to grow. I prefer light, so I need enough light. The main roots of cypress are shallow and thin, and the lateral roots are developed, which can grow along rock joints or crevices. The growth rate is moderate. Long life, generally more than 500 years.
Afforestation technology
① Seed collection: when the cones are green and brown, select 30-40-year-old robust trees for seed collection. The cone setting rate is generally 12 ~ 14%. The seed purity is about 96%, the indoor germination rate is about 65%, the germination potential is about 40%, and the 1000-grain weight is about 3.3 grams. (2) Seedling raising: The conditions for selecting nursery land are sunny, flat, fertile and moist sandy loam, loam or clayey loam, and the pH value is 7 ~ 7.5. Before sowing, select the seeds with clear water, then soak them in warm water at 45℃ for a day and night, take them out and put them in a laundry list to accelerate germination, and sow them when they turn white. Multi-purpose drilling, the yield of seedlings per hectare is more than 6.5438+0 million. Mainly in spring, but also in autumn in areas with severe drought in summer. The seedlings have deep roots, strong drought resistance and neat emergence, Miao Zhuang. (3) Afforestation: planting seedlings for afforestation, and the standard of soil preparation is 50×50×30 cm. The best afforestation season is from beginning of spring to rain. The mountains stung until the tomb-sweeping day. The initial planting density is 3000 ~ 4500 plants per hectare. Mixed forests of cypress and wood should be developed in hilly areas. The mixed tree species are Alnus cremastogyne, Ligustrum lucidum, Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima and Coriaria sinica. (4) Tending management: the growth of cypress afforestation is slow during 1 ~ 3 years, and the soil is loosened and weeded twice a year. Pruning should not be done too early or too hard. Generally speaking, only the lower dry branches should be pruned. When the trees are seriously differentiated, appropriate thinning is carried out, and the intensity is about 1/3.
The main pests and diseases are red blight, Dendrolimus punctatus and so on.
(Cai)