The word "deep" depicts desolate scenes, vivid poetic images, and deep emotions.
How to appreciate.........
一 A successful good poem must have unique artistic techniques and techniques. An important part of appreciating ancient poetry is to appreciate the artistic techniques and techniques of poetry. This test point is not only the focus of ancient poetry appreciation, but also the difficulty of ancient poetry appreciation.
The appreciation of artistic skills generally includes three aspects: evaluation of expressions, appreciation of artistic techniques, and appreciation of rhetorical techniques.
1. Evaluation of expressions
Expression methods It includes four types: narration, description, lyricism, and discussion. The so-called analysis of expression means being able to identify which expressions are used in poems and what role they play.
1. Narration. Characters in the work. , explanation and introduction of events. For example, "An old friend invited me to Tian's house with a chicken millet" (Meng Haoran's "Passing the Ancient Manor"), "The wind is strong and the horns are bowing, and the general is hunting the city of Wei" (Wang Wei's "Guan Xue"). "The King of Yue" Gou Jian destroyed Wu and returned, and the soldiers returned home with all their glory" (Li Bai's "Looking at the Ancients in Yue Zhong"), etc.
2. Description. Use figurative language to describe the forms and characteristics of people, objects, environments, etc. Vivid description makes readers feel like they see the person, hear their voice, see the object, and feel like they are there. For example, "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows up the rocks" (Wang Wei's "Mountain Dwelling in the Autumn Twilight"), "Three and a half mountains" Outside the falling blue sky, a body of water divides Bailuzhou" (Li Bai's "Ascend the Phoenix Terrace of Jinling"), etc.
3. Lyrical. Express subjective feelings and reveal self-emotions in the work. For example, "I wish to put the sword under my waist" , "I am killing Loulan" (Li Bai's "The Song of Saixia"), "We are both from the far end of the world, why should we have known each other before meeting" (Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing"), etc.
4. Discussion. In the works Directly expound the point of view and express the attitude. For example, "If you are born as a hero, you will die as a ghost hero" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer Quatrains"), "The disciples of Jiangdong are many talented people, and their comeback is unknown" (Du Mu's "Tiwu Jiangting"), etc. < /p>
These four expressions are not completely separated when used in specific applications, but are often blended together. We need to pay attention to this, such as "Dead before leaving the battlefield, which makes the hero burst into tears." (Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu") One sentence combines the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
2. Appreciation of artistic techniques
1. Regarding the artistic techniques of description: From the perspective of description, there are frontal descriptions and profile descriptions; from the perspective of the brush used for description, there are meticulous brushwork and line drawings; from the content of description, there are scene descriptions and character descriptions.
2. Regarding lyrical artistic techniques : There are two main ways of expressing emotions: direct expression and indirect expression. Most ancient poems express emotions with the help of scenery. It is said that "all scenery language is love language". There are usually four types of relationships between scenery and emotion: using happy scenery to write happy emotions; Use sad scenes to describe sadness; use happy scenes to write sadness; use sad scenes to write happy feelings.
3. Contrast technique: involves direct contrast and contrast.
4. Contrast technique .
5, Fu Bixing technique.
6, Use allusions.
7, Imaginary writing and real writing.
8 , symbolic techniques.
(See the appendix for details on the above)
3. Experience of rhetorical techniques
The rhetorical techniques commonly used in ancient poetry include metaphor, comparison, and exaggeration. , metonymy, parallelism, questioning, rhetorical question, pun, etc. When appreciating poetry, we must be able to identify these rhetorical techniques and analyze their artistic effects.
(See the appendix for details on the above)
p>Attachment: Example analysis of artistic techniques and rhetorical techniques
1. Bixing technique: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression techniques in the "Book of Songs", China's earliest poetry collection. Later poems inherited the expression techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu is to describe the scenery in detail and express the author's attitude. For example, in "The Book of Songs: Cutting Down the Tan", "Cut down the sandalwood and put it on the dry side of the river." ","No crops, no crops, no hunting, no hunting, there is a county in Hu Zhan'erting, and the other gentleman is not a vegetarian!" It describes a group of logging slaves who cut sandalwood to make cars for the slave owner. , in the hard and heavy labor, I think of the slave owner getting something for nothing, and I can't restrain my inner anger. Comparing is to compare one thing to another. "The Book of Songs? Shuo Shu" compares the slave owner to a big mouse, and uses comparison. The technique of "Xing" is to "preface other things to trigger the words to be chanted". For example, "The river is clear and ripples" in "The Book of Songs" is "Xing", which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" "" and "比" are often used in conjunction with each other in a poem. For example, at the beginning of "The Peacock Flying Southeast", "The Peacock flies southeast, lingering for five miles", which is both "Xing" and "Bi".
< p>2. Direct expression and indirect expression: To express one's feelings directly is to express one's feelings directly, which is also called to express one's heart directly. To express one's feelings implicitly through the narration, description or discussion of certain things or issues is to express one's feelings implicitly, which is indirect expression. Lyrical. Chinese classical poetry pursues implicitness, so it often expresses emotion indirectly to achieve the blending of scenes. "All scene language is love language", embodying emotions in the scene, and blending scenes are commonly used techniques in classical poetry. Whether the scene blends is a key factor in judging the quality of classical poetry. It is a sign of unintentional conception; and whether it has artistic conception is also a sign of judging whether a classical poem is a superior work. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tune] Qingjiang Yin? Qiuhuai": A letter from the west wind came home thousands of miles away, asking me about my return date. The wild geese are singing and the red leaves are red. In the sky, people are intoxicated with yellow flowers, and the sound of banana rain is in autumn dreams. The poet grasps the meaning of the title tightly and uses the west wind, northern wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, bananas, and the sound of rain to paint a bleak autumn scene. And because of the "west wind" The arrival of the movie reminds me of the uncertainty of "return date"; because of the "sound of banana rain", it highlights my unfinished fame and melancholy thoughts of tossing and turning. Every sentence is a description of the scene, and every sentence is lyrical, and the emotion and scene are highly unified.