Du Fu
The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.
The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.
I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! .
Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! .
In 765 AD, Du Fu left Chengdu Caotang with his family and took a boat to the east, drifting in the Minjiang River and the Yangtze River. This five-character poem was probably written when he was boating in Yuzhou and Zhongzhou.
The first half of the poem describes the scene of "night tour": the breeze blows the fine grass on the river bank, and the high-mast boat is moored alone on the moonlit night. At that time, Du Fu was forced to leave Chengdu. In October this year, he resigned as our staff officer, and in April, his good friend Yanwu, who lived in Chengdu, passed away. In this remote place, I decided to leave East Sichuan. Therefore, this is not a vague description of the scenery, but a feeling of the scenery. Through the description of the scenery, his situation and feelings are expressed: as small as grass on the river bank and as lonely as a boat in the river. The third and fourth sentences write a vision: the stars are low and Ye Ping is vast; The moon surges with the waves, and the river flows eastward. These two sentences are magnificent, profound and have always been praised. What does the poet feel in these two sentences? Some people think it is "open-minded" (Pu Qilong's Reading Du Xin Jie), while others think it is a feeling of "happiness" (see Tang Poems, Du Fu's Five Laws). Obviously, this poem is about the poet's tragic wandering situation in his later years, and the above two explanations only emphasize the literal meaning of the poem, which is unconvincing. In fact, the poet wrote about the vast Ye Ping, the mighty rivers and the splendid stars and moons just to reflect his lonely image and sad mood. This technique of writing sadness with joy is often used in classical works. For example, "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei" and "I have gone far away, and there is another village", how touching it is to set off the sadness of the soldiers who went to war with the beautiful scenery of spring!
The second half of the poem is "Shu Huai". The fifth and sixth sentences say that I am a little famous. Where is it because my article is good? An official should retire because he is old and ill. This is irony, and this idea is implicit. The poet is famous for his great political ambition, but he has been suppressed for a long time and cannot display it, so his fame is actually due to his articles, which is really not what he wants. Du Fu was really old and sick at this time, but his retirement was mainly due to being excluded, not being old and sick. This shows the injustice in the poet's mind and reveals that political frustration is the fundamental reason for his wandering loneliness. Regarding the meaning of this couplet, it is probably inappropriate to say that it is "the language of self-blame without blame" ("Du Shi Shuo"), and Qiu said that it is "the five belong to self-modesty, and the six belong to self-interpretation" ("Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection"). The last two sentences say, what does it look like to float all over? It's like Europe in the wide world. Considering the situation at that time, the poet expressed his sadness. The water and sky are vast, and Sha Ou falls; People, like Sha Ou, move in the rivers and lakes. This couplet is lyrical by borrowing scenery, which profoundly shows the wandering sadness in the poet's heart. It is really touching.
Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Although there are differences between the heart and the object, the scenery gives birth to feelings, and the feelings give birth to the scenery, ... hiding each other's homes." Scenery, Tibet and mutual residence, that is, feelings in the scene, feelings in the scene. The former writes scenes suitable for expressing the poet's feelings, so that the feelings are hidden in the scenery; The latter does not write in abstraction, but hides the scenery in writing. Du Fu's poem "A Night Outside" is an example in classical poetry where scenes live next to each other and houses block each other.
Feeling: This poem is about the author's wandering road. Through the description of the magnificent scene of the stars changing into illusions and the moon surging in the night walk, the author expresses his feelings of being in trouble and drifting.
Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Lipper
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
The phrase "an old friend stays in the West Yellow Crane Tower" is not only to point out the topic, but also because the Yellow Crane Tower is a world-famous scenic spot, which may be the place where two poets often get together and hang out. So when it comes to the Yellow Crane Tower, it brings out various poetic life contents related to it. What about the Yellow Crane Tower itself? It is also the legendary place where immortals fly to heaven. The idea of going to Yangzhou happily with Li Bai is another kind of association, which adds that kind of pleasant and imaginative atmosphere.
"Fireworks descend in Yangzhou in March", and the word "fireworks" was added to "March", smearing the atmosphere of that poem in the farewell environment. Fireworks, foggy, full of flowers. It gives people the feeling that it is by no means a piece of land or a flower, but an invisible and impenetrable smoke cloud in spring. March, of course, is the time of fireworks. Isn't it the place of fireworks in the prosperous lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Kaiyuan era? Fireworks in March not only reproduces the charming scenery of the bustling place in late spring, but also reveals the flavor of the times. This sentence has a beautiful artistic conception and a beautiful writing style, and Sun Zhu of A Qing Dynasty praised it as "the eternal quatrain".
"Lonely sails sail in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky." The last two sentences of the poem look like landscape writing, but there is a poetic detail in landscape writing. Li Bai has been sending friends to the boat, and the boat has been
Sailing away, he was still watching the distant sails by the river. Li Bai's eyes looked at the sail shadow until it gradually blurred and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, showing a long time to watch. The shadow of the sail has disappeared, but Li Bai still stared at it, and then he noticed that a river with spring water was flowing to the distant junction of water and sky. "Just look at the Yangtze River flowing in the sky" is the scene in front of us, but who can say that this is simply painting scenery? Isn't Li Bai's deep affection for his friends and Li Bai's yearning reflected in this poetic infatuation? Isn't the poet's heart ebbing and flowing like an eastward river?
In a word, this poetic parting of two romantic and chic poets is also a yearning parting for Li Bai, and it is vividly displayed by the poet with the gorgeous scenery of March in the spring and the vast picture of boating on the Yangtze River, overlooking the details of the solitary sail.
Feeling: This farewell poem has its own special flavor. It is different from Wang Bo's Farewell to Du Shaofu Shu Biography and Wang Wei's Farewell to Weicheng Qu, which is affectionate and considerate. This poem can be said to be a poetic parting. The reason for this is that this is the parting of two romantic and chic poets. It is precisely because this separation is linked with a prosperous time, a prosperous time and a prosperous region, and it also carries the poet Li Bai's yearning for a happy separation, which makes this separation very poetic.