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Classification of images in ancient poetry
2008-08-21 11:28
Some common images in ancient poetry mainly include:
1. Trees:
The ups and downs of the tree: the ups and downs or smoothness of career and life
Yellow leaves: withering, maturity, beauty’s twilight, metabolism
Green leaves: vitality, hope, vitality
Bamboo: integrity, positivity
Willow: farewell, nostalgia, sadness, the beauty of spring
Willow: yes The custom of saying goodbye in the Han Dynasty. The latter part of the house expresses the feeling of saying farewell and cherishing the distant future.
"Willow": sad farewell feelings
Piles of smoke from willows on the embankment: It can trigger the past like smoke, and is often used to express feelings of rise and fall.
Red leaves: Generationally referred to as a thing that conveys feelings, later it also refers to conveying feelings through poetry.
Pine and cypress: firm, proud, strong, vitality
Pine: Pine tree is a model of standing proud of frost and fighting against snow, and is naturally the object of praise by everyone.
Li Bai's "Giving a Book to the Emperor Huang Shang": "I hope you will learn from the pine tree, and be careful not to be a peach and plum." Wei Huangshang has always flattered the powerful, and Li Bai wrote poems to persuade him, hoping that he would become an upright person. Liu Zhen, a native of the Three Kingdoms, wrote in "Gift to Congdi": "Don't you suffer from the cold, pines and cypresses have their own nature." The poet encouraged his cousin to be as loyal as pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble qualities under any circumstances.
Wutong: Wutong is a symbol of desolation, misery and sadness.
For example, Wang Changling's "Chang Xin Qiu Ci": "The autumn leaves of Jinjing sycamores are yellow, and the bead curtains are not curled up by the night frost. The jade pillow in the smoked cage has no color, and I lie down and listen to Nangong's clear leaks." It is written about being deprived. It depicts the scene of a young girl who has lost her youth, freedom and happiness, lying alone in a desolate and lonely palace, listening to uterine leakage. The first sentence of the poem begins with the yellowing sycamore trees beside the well, creating a desolate and lonely atmosphere. Xu Zaisi, a Yuan Dynasty man, wrote in "Double Tune Water Fairy? Night Rain": "The sound of sycamore leaves means the sound of autumn, the sound of banana leaves means sadness, and the third watch returns to the dream after the third watch." The melancholy thoughts are written with the leaves of the phoenix tree falling and the rain hitting the banana trees. Others include "One leaf, one sound, and the empty steps are dripping into the morning" (Tang Dynasty Wen Tingyun's "Geng Liuzi"), "The sycamore tree is also drizzling, and at dusk, it is dripping bit by bit" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound"), etc.
2. Flowers and plants:
Flowers blooming: hope, youth, the splendor of life
Flowers falling: withering, frustration, setbacks in life and career, cherishing spring , nostalgia and remembrance of beautiful things.
Peach blossom: symbolizing beauty
Orchid: noble and pure
Peony: wealth and beauty
Grass: strong vitality, endless life and hope , desolation, remoteness, hatred, identity and low status
Grain millet: the sorrow of millet millet (the current prosperity and past decline of the country)
The three friends of Suihan (pine, bamboo, Plums) and chrysanthemums symbolize noble character.
Red beans: Acacia beans, which refer to tokens of love between men and women, metaphorizing love or friendship between men and women.
From Wang Wei's poem "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the South. When spring comes, a few branches will appear. I advise you to pick more. This is the most lovesick thing." The poet expressed his love for his friends through the red beans born in the South. of nostalgia.
Chrysanthemum: seclusion, nobility, refinement
Chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum cannot be compared with the national beauty and fragrant peony, nor can it be compared with the orchid that is worth a hundred times, but as a symbol of pride, Flower, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its noble temperament.
Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking magnolias in the morning and the falling dew, dining with autumn chrysanthemums in the evening." The poet symbolizes his nobility and purity of character by drinking dew and eating flowers. "Chrysanthemums" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but there will be no flowers when the flowers are in bloom." It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character. Others "I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than blowing down among the flowers" ("Cold Chrysanthemum" by Zheng Sixiao of the Song Dynasty), "The lonely east fence is wet with dew, and the gold in front shines on the sand" ("Two Chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival" by Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty) In other poems, chrysanthemums are used to express the poet's spiritual quality. The chrysanthemum here has undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
Plum: Aoxue is strong and unyielding in adversity
Plum: Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the severe cold, and then lead to the fragrance of brilliant flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are favored by poets. Admiration and praise.
Plum Blossoms by Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty: "One flower suddenly changes first, and hundreds of flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristics of plum blossoms that bloom first, and wrote a story about not being afraid of setbacks and daring to be the first in the world. Quality is not only a tribute to Mei, but also to oneself. Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossoms": "You know it's not snow from a distance, because there is a faint fragrance coming." The poem not only describes the plum blossoms' spread due to the wind, but also implicitly expresses the purity and whiteness of the plum blossoms, achieving an artistic effect of both fragrance and color. Lu You's famous poem "Ode to Plum Blossoms": "It fell into mud and was crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." He used plum blossoms to describe his tortured misfortunes and his noble sentiments that he did not want to join in the misfortune. Wang Mian of the Yuan Dynasty wrote "Mo Mei": "Don't let people praise the good color, just leave the pure air to fill the universe." It also uses the pure and pure plum blossoms to reflect one's unwillingness to join the others, which is simple in words but profound in meaning.
Lotus: Since "Lotus" has the same sound as "Lian", there are many poems about lotus in ancient poems to express love.
For example, in "Xizhou Song" written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasty: "When I am picking lotus in Nantang in autumn, the lotus flowers are over my head; I lower my head to get the lotus seeds, and the lotus seeds are as green as water." "Lotus seeds" means "pity", and "green" means "qing" . This is both real and fictitious writing, with semantic puns and homophonic pun rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep longing for the man she loves and the purity of her love. Jin Dynasty's "Forty-Two Midnight Songs" No. 35: "The mist and dew hide the hibiscus, and the lotus is not distinguishable." The mist and dew hide the true appearance of the lotus, and the lotus leaves are visible but not clearly distinguishable. This is also a method of using homophonic puns. , writes about a woman who vaguely feels that her man is in love with her.
The maturity of plums is used as a metaphor for a girl's youth, such as "leaning against the door and looking back, smelling the green plums" (Li Qingzhao's "Red Lips").
Lilac refers to sad thoughts or complexes, such as "Since leaving Nanpu, I have been worried about seeing lilac knots" (Niu Qiao of the Tang Dynasty, "Thanks a lot")
3. Animals
< p>Ape: sad, sad, Du Fu's "Ascending" "The wind is strong and the sky is high, the ape screams in sorrow"Dove:: ideal, pursuit
Fish: freedom, comfort
Eagle: Vigor, freedom, struggle in life, success in career
Dog, Rooster: breath of life, pastoral life
(Thin) Horse: galloping, pursuit, wandering
Crow: villain, vulgar, sad
Sandgull: drifting, sad
Bird: symbol of freedom
Shi [chún ] Soup with perch: refers to hometown flavor. Later, literati used the words "Water Shield Soup and Perch Sauce" and "Water Shield Perch Autumn Thoughts" to refer to homesickness.
Double carp: refers to letters.
The Han Dynasty Yuefu poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" goes: "A guest came from afar and left me a pair of carp. When I cooked the carp, there was a ruler in it." Later, the double carp was used to represent letters from distant places. .
Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies: The quote comes from "Zhuangzi? On the Equality of Things": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly (butterfly), and it was a butterfly (butterfly), which was lifelike. It is a self-explanation that it is suitable for ambition and does not know the Zhou Dynasty. Suddenly If you feel it, then the dream of Zhou is the butterfly and the butterfly is the butterfly. If the dream of the butterfly is the butterfly, then there must be a difference." Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that things and I are one and all things are equal. Later, literati used it to refer to confusing dreams and unpredictable things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" says: A cup of poppies offered by barbarians will be empty of Zhuang Zhou's butterflies. ”
(lonely) Yan: loneliness, homesickness, homesickness, news, news
Hongyan: letters - longing for relatives.
Hongyan is a large Migratory birds migrate south every autumn, often causing wanderers to feel homesick for their hometowns and feel sad about their travels.
For example, in Sui Dynasty's "People Think of Returning Home": "When people return after the wild geese, their thoughts are in front of the flowers." "Long before the flowers bloomed, the thought of returning home came up; but when the geese returned north, people had not yet returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasty, he went to Chen Chen in the Southern Dynasty and wrote this poem about returning home, which is implicit and
Those who use wild geese to express their thoughts include "I hear the returning wild geese at night and miss each other, and I feel the splendor of things when I am sick in the new year" (Ouyang Xiu's "Playing Reply to Yuan Zhen"), "The remaining stars point to the wild geese crossing the river. The sound of the flute sounds and people lean on the building" ("Autumn View of Chang'an" by Zhao Gu of the Tang Dynasty), "The stars are cold on the blue pool water, and the wild geese cry sadly in the red polygonum wind" ("Moonlight Night Boat" by Dai Fufu of the Song Dynasty), etc.
Hongyan is also used to refer to letters. Everyone is familiar with the allusion of Hongyan sending letters, and the use of Hongyan as a messenger to deliver letters is also common, such as "When the Hongyan arrives, the river will be full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "Huai at the end of the day"). "Li Bai"), "Shuoyan's writings are endless, and Xianghuan is stained with tears" (Li Shangyin's "Li Si"), etc.
Partridge: The image of partridge also has specific connotations in ancient poetry. The chirping of partridges makes people sound like "brother who can't do it", which can easily evoke the idea of ??a difficult journey and the sadness of farewell, such as "the sky is shining brightly in the autumn, and the partridges are singing far away" (Li Qunyu of the Tang Dynasty). "I heard partridges on Jiuzi Po"), "The river is full of sorrow at night, and I hear partridges deep in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man? Shu Jiangxi Ostomy Wall"), etc. The partridges in the poem are not a kind of bird in a purely objective sense. .
Cicadas: Cicadas cannot live long after the autumn rain. After the autumn rain, there are only a few intermittent whines left, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, the cicadas become miserable.
For example, the first two sentences of "Cicada Song" by Luo Binwang of the Tang Dynasty: "The cicadas sing in the west, and the guests in the south are deep in thought." "[Xilu: Autumn] uses chilling cicadas to sing loudly, exaggerating his deep nostalgia for home in prison. The song "Yulin Ling" by Liu Yong of the Song Dynasty begins with: "The chilling cicadas are sad, facing the pavilion at night, and the sudden rain has begun to subside." " Before the separation is directly described, the feeling of "miserable and miserable" has filled the readers' hearts, creating an atmosphere that can trigger the sadness of separation. "The cicadas are chirping at my side" (Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms, "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao") etc. Poems also express such sentiments.
Mandarin ducks refer to a loving couple, such as "If you are successful, why would you die? I would like to be a mandarin duck and not envy the immortals" ("Ancient Meanings of Chang'an" by Lu Zhaolin of the Tang Dynasty). p>
The image of "swallow" in ancient poetry
Swallows are migratory birds that migrate with the seasons. They like to stay in pairs and stay in other people's houses or under the eaves. Therefore, they were favored by the ancients. Appearing in ancient poems, they may cherish the spring and regret the autumn, exaggerate the sorrow of separation, express lovesickness, or express sentiments about current events. The richness of the images and expressions are beyond the reach of other types of expressions.
(1) Expression. The beauty of spring conveys the feeling of cherishing spring.
According to legend, swallows come north on the sun in spring and return to the south on the sun in autumn. Therefore, many poets use it as a symbol of spring to beautify and praise it. For example, "The flowers in the underworld are blooming, and the swallows are blooming with new breasts" (Wei Yingwu's "Chang'an Encounter with Feng"), "The swallows come to Xinshe, and the pear blossoms lag behind the Qingming" (Yanshu's "Po Zhenzi"), "The Yingying Yanyan Chun" In spring, the flowers and willows are real, and everything is rich and charming" (Qiao Ji's "The Sky is Pure and the Sand is Pure"), "The birds are singing in the fragrant trees, and the swallows are holding yellow willow flowers" (Zhang Kejiu's "The Man on the Railing: Late Spring"), Shi Dazu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, even used the word "swallow" in his poem "Shuangshuangyan? Ode to Swallow": "I still look at the caisson with carved beams, and I can't decide in soft words. The flowers are floating quickly, and the green tail separates the red shadow." After thorough research, they are similar in form and spirit. The spring is bright and brilliant, and the swallows are petite and cute. In addition, the literati are sentimental. When spring passes, the poet will be infinitely sad. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu said, "After all the tourists have gone, they can feel the spring sky. The curtains are lowered, and the swallows return in the drizzle." ("Cai") "Sang Zi"), Qiao Ji has the desolation of "Whose house does the swallow hide in spring? The old orioles are shy and look for companions. The wind is cold and lazy to report to the Yamen (gathering honey), and the hungry crows cry evil" ("Water Fairy").
(2) Express the beauty of love and convey the feeling of missing your lover. Swallows have always been a symbol of love, as the male and female fight each other and follow each other when they fly. "Think of them as two flying swallows, carrying a mud nest in the king's house." When a swallow flies, its feathers are missing, and its son returns and is sent far away into the wild" ("The Book of Songs? Yan Yan"). It is precisely because of the pairing of swallows that it causes lovers to place their affection on the swallow and desire to fly together. thoughts. Only then can there be the loneliness of the empty boudoir, "The cobwebs hang in the dark window, and the swallows fall on the empty beams with mud" (Xue Daoheng, "Xi Xi Salt"), and the "Flower Flower Man is independent, and the tiny swift swallows fly together" (Yan Jidao, "Linjiang Immortal") Melancholy and jealousy, there is the loneliness and desolation of "The curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away" (Yan Shu, "Po Zhen Zi"), and there is "The moon first rises above the yellow willow, and the swallows return to the jade tower first" (Zhou Deqing, "Happy Spring") "Come")'s frustration and neglect, there is the nostalgic expectation of "flowers blooming and traveling far away, jade softening spring events, swallows flying in the east wind thatched cottage" (Zhang Kejiu, "Qingjiang Yin"). All these are not enough.
(3) Express the changes in current events and express the emotion and grief of past prosperity and present decline, personnel changes, and the destruction of the country and the family.
Swallows never forget their old nests when autumn passes and spring comes back. Poets have seized on this characteristic to vent their indignation. The most famous one is Liu Yuxi’s "Black Clothes Alley": "The wild grass and flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, The sunset is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people. "There is also Yan Shu's "The flowers fell helplessly, and the familiar swallows returned, and the fragrant paths in the small garden wandered alone" ("Huanxi Sand"). The ancient "Swallows come back and carry the embroidered curtain, but the old nest is nowhere to be found" ("Visiting Kinmen? Nostalgia for the Former Residence"), Jiang Kui's "Swallows and wild geese are unintentional, and they follow the clouds on the west bank of Taihu Lake. Counting the peaks are miserable, and it is raining at dusk." " ("Dian Jiang Lip"), Zhang Yan's "The swallows knew where they were, but the moss was deep and the grass was dark and the river was dark" ("High Balcony"), Wen Tianxiang's "The scenery of mountains and rivers is the same, but half of the people in the city are gone" No. The reed flowers on the ground accompany me as I grow old. Who will the swallows fly by in my old home?” (Jinling Station). The swallow has no intention, but it has witnessed the changes in current events and endured the suffering of the country and family. It expresses the poet's sadness of "millet separation", and the load can be said to be heavy.
(4) Passing letters from generation to generation, secretly expressing the pain of separation.
In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan passed down his poems from Yan Zu to his husband Ren Zong. Ren Zong left home and traveled to Jiahu and did not return for several years. Shao Lan wrote poems and tied them to Yan Zu. At that time, Renzong was in Jingzhou, and Yan suddenly parked on his shoulder. He saw the book tied to his feet, and looked at it. It was sent by his wife, and he returned home in tears. His poem "Sending a Husband" says: "My son-in-law went to Chonghu, wept at the window and wrote a letter of blood. He was diligent and devoted to his unlucky husband with the wings of a swallow." Who said that "the swallows in Liang Dynasty are too ruthless" (Cao Xueqin, "Dream of Red Mansions"), it is exactly that Because of Yanzi's affection, the husband changed his mind and the couple met. Guo Shaolan was lucky. Some unfortunate women used Yan to send letters, but they were never heard from again, such as "The sad swallow left a red line on its feet, and the annoying luan shadow idled around the fan" (Zhang Kejiu, "Sai Hongqiu: Spring Love"), " With tearful eyes, she leans against the building and talks to herself. When the two swallows come, will they meet each other on the street?" (Feng Yansi, "Butterfly Loves Flowers"). Its tragic pain and deep thoughts make people moved, and then shed tears.
(5) It expresses the sorrow of traveling and describes the pain of wandering.
“Holistic, intuitive, and analogy are the dominant ways of thinking of the Han nation” (Zhang Dainian? "Chinese Thinking Bias"). Flowers, birds, insects, and fish are all described by literati. Birds and beasts all show the talent of poets. Affection. The crow of wild geese mourns the autumn, the song of apes touches the clothes, the fish passes on the ruler, and the cicada sends its message high and far away. The uncertain habitat of the swallow leaves the poet with rich imagination space, or it may wander, "Every year, it is like a new swallow, drifting in the vast sea, coming to send messages to repair rafters." "(Zhou Bangyan, "Man Ting Fang"); or life experiences have been ups and downs, "Looking at Chang'an, the future is bleak and patchy, traveling south to north with Yan Zheng, the journey is difficult" (Zhang Kejiu, "Happiness in Front of the Palace"); or they meet again. Farewell, "like a swallow and a flying red bird, they see each other off before they meet" (Su Shi's "Farewell to Chen Mu Zhitanzhou"); or they are separated from time to time, "magnets fly on the ground, mica comes to the water, earth dragons send rain, swallows and wild geese fly on their behalf" ( Liu An? "Huainanzi"). The swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and has been integrated into the blood of every descendant of the Yan and Huang Dynasties.
4. Types of wind, frost, rain, snow, water and clouds:
Sea: vastness, power, depth, momentum
Wave: the ups and downs of life
The turbulence of the waves: the danger of life, the strangeness of rivers and lakes
River water: the passage of time, the brevity of years, the long sorrow, the development trend of history
Smoke: the hazyness of emotions, Bleakness, confusion and uncertainty about the future, failure of ideals and disillusionment
Light rain: spring scenery, hope, vitality, vitality, subtle enlightenment
Heavy rain: cruelty, enthusiasm, political struggle, The power to sweep away evil forces and cleanse filth
Spring breeze: open-minded, joyful, hopeful
East wind: spring, beauty
West wind: loneliness, melancholy, Decline, wanderers yearning to return home
Strong wind: the power to cause chaos and destroy the old world
Frost: it is easy to grow old in life, the harsh social environment, the rampant evil forces, the bumpy road of life, Frustration
Snow: purity, beauty, harsh environment, rampant evil forces
Lu: short life, perishable life
Cloud: wanderer, Wandering
Using floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers is like "the meaning of a wandering man in floating clouds, the love of an old friend at sunset" (Li Bai's "Send Off a Friend").
Yin sky: depression, sorrow, loneliness
Sunny sky: joy, brightness
Autumn wind: autumn wind
"Water" The image of water
(1) Because of the softness and coolness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for things that are tangible but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight.
For example: "The sky is as cold as water at night, and I sit and watch Altair and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from the side.
(2) Because water is constantly sheared and soft, water is often used to describe sorrow.
For example, Li Bai's "A knife cuts off the water, and the water flows more, and a cup is raised to eliminate sorrow and sorrow." It expresses the poet's worries and sorrows caused by his strong feeling that the contradiction between reality and ideals is irreconcilable.
5. Utensils
Jade: noble, revisiting old places, refined
Pearl: beautiful, flawless
Hairpin (crown) ): Official position, fame
Pounding anvil: A woman’s longing for her husband.
Xilou Xiaolou: feelings of resentment;
Silk and bamboo: music;
History: historical records;
Men: men;
Women: women;
Sangzi: hometown;
Xuanyuan: motherland;
Sanchi: law;
< p>Cun Guan: pen;Blue Bird: Messenger
Ship: Lanzhou, Zhengfan Qucha (often used as a metaphor for a solitary boat), Qianglu (a metaphor for a large ship or a warship).
Wu Gou: generally refers to a sword or sharp sword.
For example, Xin Qiji's "Water Dragon Yin? Dengjian Kangxin Pavilion": "The setting sun above the building, in the sound of broken bells, a wanderer from the south of the Yangtze River. After looking at Wu Gou, I took pictures of the railings, but no one understood it. ." By looking at Wu Gou and patting the railing, he expressed his frustration that no one understood his desire to serve the motherland and make contributions.
Kunshan jade: a metaphor for outstanding talents.
The words come from Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Expulsion": "The jade that your Majesty sends to Kunshan today includes the treasures of Sui and He (referring to Suihou's beads and He's bi). The beads that hang down the moon are served by Tai'a. The sword (the famous sword of the state of Wu), the horse Xianli (the name of the horse), the flag of the green wind, the drum of the tree spirit (tuó, alligator and other animals, the skin of which can be made into a drum)... Now we choose people Otherwise: no matter whether it is okay or not, regardless of the merits, those who are not from Qin will go, and those who are guests will be driven away." Later, "Kunshan Jade" was used as a metaphor for outstanding talents.
There are many images used to express the feeling of "wandering" in classical Chinese poetry, such as duckweed, flying canopy, lone wild goose, etc. "boat" is one of the most common images to express this emotion. A small boat with leaves and vast sky and water makes people's insignificance more and more obvious; when people are traveling, they see many foreign scenery, which is more likely to trigger infinite thoughts. The image of "ship" appears very frequently in Du Fu's poems, and the feeling of wandering is also very strong: "Walking at Night" and "Climbing the Yueyang Tower"
In contrast to the feeling of "wandering", in classical Chinese poetry Another typical connotation of the "ship" image is "freedom". The origin of this kind of thinking can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "The skillful person works hard and knows, but the incompetent person has nothing to seek. Traveling when full and full is like a boat without ties, and traveling empty is the same." Although his thoughts are negative. , but for Chinese literati, "the boat without ties" has become an attractive life ideal:
If life is not satisfactory in this world, the Ming Dynasty will cause the boat to collapse. Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Farewell to the School Secretary Shu Yun"
I only pity the secluded grassy stream growing beside it, and there are orioles singing in the deep trees. The spring tide brings rain in a hurry, and there is no boat crossing the wild crossing. Wei Yingwu's "West Stream of Chuzhou"
Wei's poem describes beautiful scenes such as spring flowers, spring grass, spring trees, spring birds, spring tides and spring rain, and uses a series of dense scenery to highlight the central image of "no boat can cross the wild crossing". It is both a realistic description and a visual expression of the poet's mentality.
6. Color categories
White: purity, innocence, mourning
Red: passion, youth, happy events
Green: hope , vitality, peace
Blue: elegance, melancholy
Yellow: warmth, peace
Purple: nobility, mystery
Black: darkness , despair, solemnity, mystery, yearning for the dead, misfortunes
7. About human qualities and behaviors.
Heroes: admiration, shame and self-pity
Villain: contempt, determination, self-reflection, lashing
Old events of the Six Dynasties and old dreams of the Southern Dynasties: representing the wealth and prosperity of the past Life.
Strike Ji: Determined to serve the country and regain lost territory.
Emei (moth eyebrow): beauty
Emei: noble virtue
Qingqingzijin: talented person
Bage: Also known as Ba singing, Ba gu, and Ba people's songs. It refers to vulgar works, mostly composed of modest words. It is often written in comparison with "Yangchunbaixue" to express one's own insignificance.
Blue blood: refers to the blood shed for a just cause. Later, "Chang Honghua Bi" was also used to describe death due to resentment or loyalty. For example, "The Injustice of Dou E": "It was not I, Dou E, who punished me for making such a headless wish. The real grievance is not shallow... This is why we, Chang Hong, turn green, and look forward to the emperor's crow."
Win the laurels. : A metaphor for passing the imperial examination. The book "Book of Jin" is quoted from the book: "Emperor Wu met in the east hall and asked Shen: 'What do you think you are like?' Shen replied: 'I recommend virtuous countermeasures, which are the best in the world. They are like a branch in Guilin and a piece of jade in Kunshan. . '"
Huaiju: Refers to being filial to one's parents.
Caiwei: refers to a life of seclusion. "Historical Records: Biography of Boyi" records: "King Wu has put an end to the Yin chaos, and the world has been ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. However, Boyi and Shuqi are ashamed of it. They have no intention of eating Zhou millet, so they hide in Shouyang Mountain, picking and eating weeds." It is said of Boyi. , the story of Shu Qi living in seclusion in the mountains and refusing to serve Zhou in his righteousness. Later, he also showed his integrity.
Poets often use the images of "mountains and forests" and "palaces" in poems to express the contradiction and conflict between the poet's ideals and reality. The so-called "Gong Que" also means "Wei Que", which is the name of the imperial court and a symbol of the poet's important position. The so-called "mountain forest" refers to the image of the poet who was disillusioned with his political ideals or had no talent and no way to serve the country. He became resentful and turned to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests.
Aihong: a metaphor for people who are sad, suffering and displaced. The poem is written about envoys traveling in all directions and seeing the refugees gathering in the wild like wild geese. The refugees are happy for the envoys to arrive, and they all join in the poem and express their feelings, like the endless cry of swan geese. Later, the words "swan geese in the wild and mourning people everywhere" were used to refer to the displacement of the people.
Yongxu: It means a woman Yongxue. It refers to women who are skilled in chanting and have extraordinary talents. Later, "Yong Xu" refers to Yong Xue, and "Yong Xu Cai" refers to extraordinary talent.
Nanguan: refers to prisoners. The allusion comes from "Zuo Zhuan, the ninth year of Chenggong". Zhong Yi, a Chu man, was imprisoned in Jin Dynasty and still wore a Nanguan. Playing southern music, Fan Wenzi praised it as a gentleman's journey: later, most literati used this to refer to their virtuous prisoner life.
8. Location:
Historical sites: nostalgic aspirations, past prosperity and present decline (country), decline, depression (historic sites are generally closely related to the ancients)
Countryside: longing for home, disgust with customs, pastoral scenery, breath of life, pure beauty, ease and tranquility
Prairie: vastness, realm of life, human mind
City (marketplace): prosperity Bustling, rich and luxurious
Wonderland: elegant, beautiful and clean, forgetting the world and disgusting with the world
Leaning on the railing: missing the motherland, hometown and relatives
Nanshan: representing a place of seclusion
Taoyuan: represents an ideal paradise
Wuling people: represents people who live in seclusion
Liuying: refers to the military camp. Later it was also called a military camp with strict discipline.
The world of heaven and earth: Hongmeng, Xiyi, Taiqing, Taixu.
Xiliu Camp: The place where Zhou Yafu stationed his troops in the Han Dynasty. Wang Wei's "Guan Xun" "Suddenly passed by Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliu Camp."
9. Other categories
White-clothed Canggou: also called Baiyuncang Canggou, a metaphor for worldly affairs Fickle. From Du Fu's poem "Sigh": "The floating clouds in the sky are like white clothes, and they change like gray dogs. From ancient times to the present, all things in life are the same." Personnel changes are like floating clouds, sometimes like white clouds, sometimes like greyhounds.
Break of dawn: first hope
Late night: melancholy and nostalgia
Snow: jade, broken jade, ice flowers, six out;
Letters: Hongyan, Chidao, Chisu
The country is subjugated: flowers in the backyard.
Heaven and Earth: the insignificance of human beings, the shortness of life, the broadness of mind, and the loneliness of emotions
Floating life: represents the short and illusory life.
Morning sun: hope, vitality, vitality
Sunset: loss, depression, cherishing beautiful and short life or things
Noon: enthusiasm, enthusiasm, evil The destruction of society and people by power
Wine: joy, triumph, frustration, sorrow
The moon: the perfection of life, shortcomings, homesickness, and longing for relatives
"Looking at the moon and cherishing the distance", "Sad for the spring and sad for the autumn", "Seeing the flowing water reminds me of the passing of time", "The drizzle of the phoenix trees makes me sad and desolate"
Other names for the moon: Toad Palace, Jade Plate, Silver Hook, Chanjuan , Guigong; "jade plate", "moon wheel", "jade ring", "jade hook", "jade bow", "jade mirror", "heavenly mirror", "mirror", "jade rabbit", "Chang'e", "Toad"
Moon: In ancient Chinese poetry, using the moon to express emotions is a common writing method. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poetry is synonymous with homesickness.
Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts": "There is bright moonlight in front of the bed, I suspect it is frost on the ground. I look up at the bright moon and lower my head to miss my hometown." This poem expresses Li Bai's homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image imbued with the poet's emotions. Wang Jian of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Wish for Du Langzhong on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight, when the moon is bright, everyone looks out, and I don't know who is missing my autumn thoughts." The poem uses euphemistic questions to point out the common caring mood in the world on this night of the full moon, implicitly expressing the poet's feelings. Deeply missing my friends back home.
In addition, "moon" also has the following images
(1) The bright moon contains the sorrow of people around you.
For example: "The sand in front of Hui Le Feng is like snow, and the moon outside the city is like frost" is tragic and resentful; "The moon is bright in Qin and Han is close, and the people who have marched thousands of miles have not yet returned".
(2) The bright moon contains emotional helplessness.
For example, Xie Zhuang’s prayers and blessings: “The beautiful woman is standing near the Yinchen Palace, and thousands of miles away is the bright moon.”; Zhang Jiuling’s hope and longing: “The bright moon is on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time.” .
(3) The bright moon contains the eternity of time and space.
"People in ancient times and today are like running water, even when you look at the bright moon." It vividly expresses the plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in the face of time.
Image in middle school classical poetry
The so-called image is an artistic image created by the unique emotional activities of the creative subject. The construction of images is the focus of Chinese classical poetry creation, and it is also the focus of our study of classical poetry. This article intends to explain some of the most common images.
1. The image of "Liu"
1. The two words "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, often metaphorizing farewell.
The three sentences "Where will I wake up tonight? Willow bank, dawn wind and waning moon" express Liu Yong's longing for his lover.
2. "Willow" grows in front of and behind the eaves and is often used as a symbol of hometown.
"As soon as I go up to the tall building, I feel sad for thousands of miles, and the willows are like Tingzhou." expresses Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown.
3. "Willow" catkins are erratic and often used to relieve sorrow.
"How much leisure and sorrow are there? A river of tobacco fills the city with wind and rain. Plums are yellow and rainy." These few sentences vividly explain the depth of He Zhu's sorrow at this time.
2. The image of "swallow"
1. Swallows have become a symbol of love because they fly together.
For example, "The falling flower is independent, and the swift swallows fly together." It shows the poet's lonely and melancholy state of mind after waking up from a dream and his longing for the object of his affection.
2. The swallow's habit of being nostalgic for its old nest has become a sustenance for classical poetry to express the changes in current events and express the metabolism of people.
"In the old days, the swallows in front of the Wang Xietang hall flew into the homes of ordinary people." It not only hints at the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also reveals the poet's infinite emotion in the face of the changes in the past and present.
3. The image of "water"
1. Because of the softness and coolness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for things that are tangible but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight.
For example: "The sky is as cold as water at night, and I sit and watch Altair and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from the side.
2. Because water is constantly sheared and soft, water is often used to describe sorrow.
For example, Li Bai's "A knife cuts off the water, and the water flows more, and a cup is raised to eliminate sorrow and sorrow." It expresses the poet's worries and sorrows caused by his strong feeling that the contradiction between reality and ideals is irreconcilable.
4. The image of "moon"
1. The bright moon contains the sorrow of people around you.
For example: "The sand in front of Hui Le Feng is like snow, and the moon outside the city is like frost" is tragic and resentful; "The moon is bright in Qin and Han is close, and the people who have marched thousands of miles have not yet returned".
2. The bright moon contains emotional helplessness.
For example, Xie Zhuang’s prayers and blessings: “The beautiful woman is standing near the Yinchen Palace, and thousands of miles away is the bright moon.”; Zhang Jiuling’s hope and longing: “The bright moon is on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time.” .
3. The bright moon contains the eternity of time and space.
"People in ancient times and today are like running water, even when you look at the bright moon." It vividly expresses the plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in the face of time.
To sum up, it is not difficult for us to find that a multi-dimensional interpretation of the images in classical poetry is actually an exploration of the connotation of poetry. Due to the author's level, the interpretation of the above images is inevitably shallow, and I look forward to Fang's correction.