The title of a poem has obvious influence on the content and emotional tone of the poem. Some poems imply emotional tone, and words such as "resentment, sadness, fear, joy, parting, memory, resentment, chanting and thinking" are often used to make the finishing point. For example, in Lu You's book Anger, we can taste the poet expressing his feelings and worries from the title of the poem; Some poems are the center of poetry, such as Night Thoughts on the Winter Solstice in Handan. When reading a poem, read the topic first. When appreciating ancient poetry, we must pay attention to the relationship between the topic and the text, so as to appreciate the basic ideas of poetry. Poetry expresses ambition, poetry expresses emotion. Poets often integrate their own life experiences and personal honor and disgrace into their own poems. Therefore, to appreciate poetry, we must know people and discuss the world and pay attention to the background information. The background information mentioned here includes the social era, life thought, artistic style and writing time of the poet's works. For example, to evaluate the poems of Lu You and Xin Qiji, it is necessary to contact their lifelong experience of advocating anti-gold. The evaluation of Du Li's poems is inseparable from romanticism and realism. In addition, Su Shi's boldness, Liu Yong's gracefulness, the imagery of Tang poetry and the rational interest of Song poetry are all appreciation points. Only in this way can we taste the characteristics of poetry.
The second key: pay attention to the relationship between emotion and scenery and appreciate the artistic conception.
Artistic conception refers to the realm and mood expressed by the images in the works, which is the artistic realm formed by the fusion of the author's thoughts and feelings with the pictures depicted. The blending of scenery is the most prominent feature of ancient poetry. There are two kinds of relationships between scenery and emotion: one is the blending of scenery and emotion, that is, setting off happiness with beautiful scenery or writing sadness with sad scenery. Liu Yong's Yulin Ling is a typical work of blending scenes. The poet set off his "ecstasy" parting feelings with a cold, bleak and vague scene. The second is to use the contradiction and disharmony between scenery and emotion to render and contrast the inner unhappiness. Specifically, it is to write mourning with beautiful scenery, which is for comparison. Please look at Wang Changling's in my heart forever:
Young women in boudoir have no worries,
Go to Cuilou with makeup in spring.
Suddenly I saw the color of willow on the strange head.
Regret teaching my husband to find the title.
This poem reflects the loneliness and sadness of thinking of women with beautiful spring scenery. To distinguish whether emotion and scenery are harmonious or contradictory, we must first grasp the content of the poem as a whole, grasp the relationship between images, and ponder and appreciate it repeatedly, so as to smoothly enter the artistic conception of the poem and understand the author's thoughts and feelings. Secondly, we should make full use of suggestive materials outside poetry, such as title, author, dynasty, etc. To strengthen the understanding and grasp of images in poetry.
The third key: grasp the key words.
First of all, we must find a vision for poetry. Poetry eye is a word, word and sentence that embodies the emotion and characteristics of poetry. If you find the eyes of the poem correctly, you will find a key to understand the poem. Such as Meng Jiao's "After Graduation":
I used to be dirty and didn't like to brag.
At present, I am extravagant.
Keywords spring breeze, horseshoe disease,
See all the Chang 'an flowers in one day.
The word "pride" is the eye in the poem, and the poet expressed his incomparable joy after passing the imperial examination. Second, find emotional words. Reading ancient poetry, as long as we grasp the words with strong emotional color in the poem, we can accurately grasp the emotional tone of the whole poem. For example, in Du Fu's A Journey to the Mountain, it is easy to read the poet's feelings of long-term wandering, old illness and loneliness as long as he grasps the words such as "mourning for apes", "rustling", "sad for autumn" and "being down and out".
The fourth key: understand the general structure of poetry.
The general structure of classical poetry is to write scenery first and then discuss lyricism. As the pinnacle of Tang poetry, many poems coincide with the structure of "connecting the past with the future". Such as Xu Hun's "Xie Ting Farewell":
As soon as my brother misinterpreted the boat,
Red leaves and green hills, rushing forward.
It's a long way from waking up at sunset,
It is raining all over the sky.
The first two sentences write that friends leave by boat, and the green hills and red leaves on both sides of the strait set off autumn scenery, with a clear river and clear water; The last two sentences express the author's melancholy after saying goodbye. It can be seen that understanding the general structure of poetry is of great help to grasp the ideological content and artistic characteristics of poetry.