What are the writing techniques and expression techniques in the appreciation of Chinese poetry in senior high schools?

Comparison is to compare one thing with another. In the Book of Songs, the slave owner was compared to a big mouse. Xing, that is, "say something else first, so that the words can be sung." For example, in the Book of Songs, "the river is clear and blue," which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" and "Bi" are often combined in a poem. For example, "Peacock flies southeast and drifts five miles" at the beginning of "Peacock flies southeast" is both "Xing" and "Bi". Li Shangyin's Jinse: "I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval." The first couplet was inspired by playing musical instruments, thus thinking of "China Year". 2. The combination of reality and fiction means that real scenes and events set off and interweave with imaginary scenes and events to express the same feelings. The relationship between virtual scene and real scene is sometimes complementary, forming a strong contrast, thus highlighting the center. For example, the imaginary scene in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow" refers to the "ten-mile spring breeze" and describes the prosperity of the ten-mile long street in Yangzhou City in the past; The real scene is "the wheat is green", which is the bleak situation that the lyricist saw today. From these two contrasting paintings, the poet's feelings about the ups and downs of the past are conveyed. The relationship between the virtual scene and the real scene sometimes complements each other, forming a rendering contrast, thus highlighting the center. For example, Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand": "When the pavilion is fragrant with plum blossoms, the bridges are sparse with willows, and the grass is warm and swaying. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. At the end of Pinger, there is Chunshan, and pedestrians are outside Chunshan. " Fair realism, through the scene of early spring, compares the departure of "pedestrians" Write empty thoughts, and write melancholy thoughts by imagining the wife of a "pedestrian" looking at the fence from afar and missing the sad image of a "pedestrian". The wife misses her husband, and the husband misses his wife. Reality and reality are born together, and the feelings of parting are expressed incisively and vividly. 3. Set-off, also called set-off, refers to using B to support nails, making the characteristics of nails more prominent. There are two kinds of contrast: positive and negative. Using the approximate conditions of one thing to set off another thing is called positive contrast; Using the opposite condition of one thing to set off another thing is called contrast. For example, Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia: "The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages. On the west side of the base, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms "Zhou Yu is the character to be portrayed in this poem, but from the writing of" Romantic Figures through the ages ",there are many heroes in Battle of Red Cliffs, and finally Zhou Yu is concentrated on one person, which highlights Zhou Yu's important position in the author's mind, which is a positive contrast. And "cicada forest is quieter, Tonamiyama is quieter" is the contrast. 4. Contrast is to put two opposing things or two different aspects of the same thing together and compare them with each other. Use contrast, or make the contradiction of opposing things stand out clearly, reveal the essence, and give people profound enlightenment; Or make the two opposing aspects of things set off against each other and complement each other, giving people a deep impression. For example, Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing: "Half of our soldiers died at the front, but the other half is still alive, and there are beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the military camp." Comparing the death of soldiers on the battlefield with the indulgence of the general, the image is vivid and profound. 5. Repression is to say both negative and positive aspects at the same time, and only emphasize one of them, so as to suppress one and promote the other. According to the form, intonation can be divided into two types: thinking first and thinking first. For example, Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng": "In the propaganda room, the sage asks for a visit to the minister, and Jia Sheng's tone is even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. " The first two sentences of this poem are written from the front, as if they were eager to be virtuous and open-minded, which is Yang. But after reading the last two sentences, I suddenly realized that the original intention of earnestly seeking talents, humbly seeking advice, confided in one's heart, and even "confinement" is not to seek the way of governing the country and comforting the people, but to "ask ghosts and gods", which is repression. If you want to restrain yourself, you should first satirize the political fatuity and absurdity of Emperor Han. 6. Symbols refer to concepts, thoughts and feelings that express similar or similar characteristics through concrete images that are easy to be associated. Qu Yuan used "Lan Zhi" to symbolize his fragrance and noble moral integrity, while Lu You used "Plum Blossom" to symbolize his loneliness and strength. 7. positive description positive description refers to the description of the front and side of the object of description, also known as direct description and indirect description. Direct description of the object is positive description, and description of the things around the object makes the object more vivid and prominent. For example, Wang Changling's "Joining the Army" says: "Dust in the desert, the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Hebei at night and has been reported alive. " The second sentence is a profile description of the situation: on the one hand, the poetic style is very strong, which is convenient for rolling up the red flag and marching in a hurry; On the other hand, it is highly alert and unobtrusive, highlighting the tension of war. 8. There are two kinds of allusions: allusions to useful things and quotations from previous poems. Using things is to express the author's thoughts and feelings through historical stories, including his position and attitude towards some problems in real life, personal feelings and wishes. , belongs to the ancient express my feelings. The purpose of quoting or using predecessors' poems is to deepen the artistic conception in poems, to urge people to associate and to seek meaning beyond words. For example, Xin Qiji's "Never Meet Le Jingkou Gu Beiting Nostalgia": "In those days, Jin Ge was an iron horse and swallowed Wan Li like a tiger." In addition to recalling the author's experience of going south 43 years ago, this word has many allusions. "When Jin Ge was an iron horse and swallowed Wan Li like a tiger" is about the heroic deeds of Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition against the enemy. By praising Emperor Wu of Song and satirizing the shameless behavior of the pacifists in the Southern Song Dynasty, the author showed his determination to oppose Jin Zhuzhang and restore the Central Plains. 9. Dynamic and static description Dynamic and static description refers to the dynamic or static description of things or scenery, which set off each other and constitute a kind of interest. For example, Du Fu's "One Man in the City": "The sand-headed birds are silent, and the fish at the stern are whistling." The last sentence of the fish jumping "moving" sets off the "quiet" of the previous sentence. 10. Detail description refers to the poet's detailed description of the manner, movements, language and psychology of a scene or character in life. Forming a whole article with details as the center can often make poetry appear concise, concentrated and lasting appeal. Excellent poetry always reflects the theme with typical details, through which we can dig out the emotions contained in the poem. For example, Joke and Zhang are very typical and particularly wonderful details. 165438+ Rendering in poetry is to describe the environment or scenery in various details to form an atmosphere, thus highlighting the image and enhancing the artistic effect. For example, in Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain, "The ape whimpers in the wide sky and the wind, and the birds return to the white sand in clear lake", six close-ups appeared in succession, rendering the characteristics of the autumn river scenery. 12. Lenovo Lenovo is to think of other related things from one thing. For example, King Robin's "Giving People to Yishui" said: "This place is different from yan dan, and a strong man is crowned. In the past, people were gone, and today the water is still cold. " When the poet said goodbye, he thought of a scene of Jing Ke in Xiaozhuang. On the one hand, he expressed his admiration for the hero, on the other hand, he also expressed his inner anger. 13. Imagination is a psychological activity to create new things through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis on the basis of known things. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting": "The lake is full of moonlight, and the mirror on the pool surface does not grind. Look at the Dongting landscape, there are green snails in the silver plate. " This poem chooses the perspective of looking at the moonlit night, and skillfully reproduces the lakes and mountains of Dongting on paper through extremely imaginative description.