Mulan Poetry is a folk song of Yuefu in the Northern Dynasties, which is selected from Yuefu Poetry edited by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty. There are different opinions on the time of its emergence, but from the historical and geographical conditions, it can be judged that things and poems may have originated in the post-Wei period. This poem originated from the folk, and in the long-term spread process, it has traces of being polished by later literati, but it basically retains the characteristics that folk songs are easy to remember and recite.
Yuefu Poetry Collection is the most complete collection of Yuefu songs, in which the folk songs vividly reflect the social life and local people at that time, and are divided into two parts: southern songs and northern songs. Beiqu, that is, northern folk songs, has a wide range of themes, strong style, enthusiasm and simplicity.
The original of Mulan Poetry:
Haw answers haw, Mulan is weaving at home, but she can't hear the loom, only the woman's sigh. Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. She has nothing to think about and nothing to remember. The military post I saw last night was full of soldiers. Twelve volumes of the art of war, each with your grandfather's name. Grandpa has no eldest son and Mulan has no big brother. She is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for you from now on.
Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north. Say goodbye to parents and go to the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. But bid farewell to the Yellow River and stay in Montenegro at dusk. I can't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I hear Yanshan Hu riding a horse.
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying. The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12 turn, before reward 100. Khan asked him what he wanted, and Mulan didn't need Shang Shulang. I am willing to send my son back to his hometown.
When parents heard that their daughter was coming, they went out to help Guo. Sister-in-law heard that her sister-in-law was coming to take care of red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed. Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds and temples, the mirror is painted yellow. When you go out to meet your fire companions, they are all surprised and busy. After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl!
The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred. When two rabbits walk on the ground, Ann can tell whether I am a male or a female.
Translation:
Sighs came and went, and Miss Mulan walked up and down against the door of the guard room. The loom stopped, and so did the loom, only to hear Miss Mulan sigh constantly. Ask the girl with such a sigh, what are you thinking? (Mulan answers) Girl, I didn't miss anything. I saw the conscription documents last night and learned that the king was recruiting a large number of soldiers. There are so many conscription documents, each with his father's name on it. My father has no adult son, and Mulan has no brother. I am willing to buy saddles and horses instead of my father from now on and apply for them.
Buy horses in the east market, saddles and cushions under saddles in the west market, chews and reins in the south market and whips in the north market. In the morning, I said goodbye to my parents and set off. In the evening, I camped by the Yellow River. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the rushing of the Yellow River. In the morning, I bid farewell to the Yellow River and set off. In the evening, I arrived at Heishan Mountain. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of Hu Bing's war horses in Yanshan.
March Wan Li to the battlefield, cross the pass, climb mountains and mountains, as fast as flying. The sound of knocking came from the cold wind in the north, and the cold moonlight reflected the soldiers' armored shirts. After countless battles, the soldiers won after many years.
When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor, who was sitting in the palace. Mulan, who was awarded the title of meritorious service, was the highest and won more than a thousand gold. The son of heaven asked Mulan what she wanted. Mulan doesn't want to be an official like Shang. She wants to ride a swift horse and send me back to my hometown with its feet.
Parents heard that their daughter was back and helped each other to meet her outside the city; When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep. Open the door in the east of my boudoir, sit on the bed in the west of my boudoir, take off my shirt, put on my former girl's clothes, arrange my hair as soft as a dark cloud in front of the window, and stick a yellow flower on my forehead in front of the mirror. When I went out to meet my comrades, they were all surprised. They all said that we had traveled together for twelve years and didn't even know Mulan was a girl.
The male rabbit's feet like flapping, and the female rabbit's eyes are always squinting. When they run next to each other on the ground, how can they tell who is male and who is female?
Locke 158 Comments on Mulan Poetry
In the first two paragraphs, Mulan decided to join the army instead of her father. The poem begins with the sound of a loom chirping, showing the scene of Mulan knitting at home. Then she wrote a sigh that Mulan didn't intend to weave, which made people wonder, led to a question and answer, and revealed Mulan's thoughts. Mulan sighed, because the son of heaven enlisted the army and his father was among the conscripts. As his father was old and had no eldest son at home, he decided to join the army instead of his father.
In the third paragraph, Mulan is ready to go out and go to war. "Buy a fine horse in the Oriental market ..." Four sentences are used to describe Mulan's nervous purchase of war horses and riding equipment. "Say goodbye to my parents ..." Eight sentences are repeated, writing that Mulan has been on the journey nonstop, running around day and night, and the farther away from home, the more she misses her loved ones. What is written here is that Mulan set out from home and arrived at the battlefield through the Yellow River for only two days, exaggerating the rapid progress of Mulan, the urgency of the military situation and the eagerness of her mood, which made people feel nervous about the war atmosphere. Among them, the sound of "Yellow River splashing" and "Yanshan riding and chirping" also set off Mulan's homesickness.
The fourth paragraph summarizes Hua Mulan's ten-year campaign life. "When Wan Li goes to Rongji, if he flies over the mountains", it summarizes the contents of the above eight sentences, and exaggerates the description of Mulan riding a horse and Wan Li all the way, rushing to the battlefield, flying over the pass and over the mountains and mountains. "New Moon Breaths with Golden Bells and Cold Light with Iron Clothes" describes Mulan's hard fighting life in the frontier fortress barracks: at night, Diao Dou's knocking came from the cold north wind, and her cold armor was reflected in the cold light. "A hundred battles lead to the death of a general, and ten years lead to the return of a strong man", which outlines this protracted war and bitter battle. The soldiers fought for ten years, and after cruel battles again and again, some died and some returned. Hua Mulan, who is brave and good at fighting, is one of the soldiers who survived and returned successfully.
In the fifth paragraph, Mulan also resigned. First, Mulan appeared before the emperor. Then, Mulan made great contributions and was rewarded by the emperor. Besides, Mulan resigned and was willing to go back to her hometown. "Mulan doesn't need to go to school" but "go back to her hometown". Of course, it is her nostalgia for home life, but she also has her own secret, that is, she is a daughter. The son of heaven didn't know the truth, and Mulan couldn't explain it clearly, which was quite dramatic.
The sixth paragraph is about Mulan's return to her hometown to reunite with her relatives. First of all, describe the happy atmosphere at home with the actions of parents, brothers and sisters that conform to their identity, gender and age; Then, through a series of actions, Mulan wrote her affection for her former residence and her love for her daughter's makeup, showing her natural daughter's mood and her uncontrollable joy after her return. Finally, as the end of the story and the climax of the whole poem, it is a comedy scene in which Mulan, who restores her daughter's costume, meets her partner.
The seventh paragraph ends with metaphor. Using the metaphor of two rabbits running together, it is difficult to tell the difference between male and female, and skillfully solves the mystery that Mulan disguised as a man instead of her father to join the army 12 years, which is interesting and memorable.
This poem creates an immortal image of Mulan, which is both legendary and touching. Mulan is a strange girl and an ordinary person, a heroine and an ordinary girl, a vigorous warrior and a beautiful daughter. She is hard-working, kind-hearted, determined, brave, honest and simple, alert and lively, loves loving the country and loving the quiet life of not admiring high officials and rich people. For more than a thousand years, the story of Mulan joining the army instead of her father has become a household name in China, and the image of Mulan is also deeply loved by people.
This poem is full of folk songs. The whole poem conceives the legendary story of Mulan with "Mulan is a girl", which is full of romance. The complex and simple arrangement is very clever. Although it is about war, it is more about life scenes and children's modality, full of life breath. In the poem, the psychology of the characters is portrayed in the way of question and answer, which is vivid and meticulous; I am very proud to describe the behavior modality with many careful comparisons; It is unforgettable to summarize the whole poem with humorous metaphors. This makes the work have a strong artistic appeal.
The ancients commented on Mulan's poems
1. "Poetry": Mulan Song is a quasi-ancient Yuefu of the Jin people, so the high one is strong in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and the flat one is with the beam. For example, "South City buys bridles and North City buys whips", which is still associated with Tokyo; To "when the window is decorated with clouds and the mirror is yellow", Qi's language is natural. And sentences such as "Go out to meet fire companions", although simple, actually came from the Six Dynasties, not the Han Dynasty.
2. Xie Zhen's Four-character Poetry: Mulan Poetry says, "What do you think of women? Ask the woman what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about ... Beishi buys whips. " This is a casual remark, simple and natural, complicated and not chaotic. If you ask and answer, buying pommel horses in one city is simply simple and tasteless, and there are almost no Yuefu. "Wan Li goes to Rongji, if the mountain flies ..." It is absolutely like Li Bai's five words, but there are not many words. "The male rabbit's feet pounce on the new moon ..." This knot is the most popular and surprising. If these four sentences are missing, it may be irreparable.