10, Yue Jifu heard that on the seventh day of your funeral, he could express his condolences and sincere wishes, making the construction of the Central Plains a shameful drink and telling you the spirit of Shiro:
Oh! I am lonely and long. I don't care what I have, but my brother and sister-in-law are dependent. Middle-aged, my brother died in the south, and I was young with you, and I was buried in Heyang from my sister-in-law. I will accompany you to eat Jiangnan. I am lonely and bitter, and I have never been apart for a day. I have three brothers in my life, all of whom are unfortunate. Inheriting the latter, in, in-Wu. Two people live alone together. Sister-in-law tried to caress you and said to me, "Han Dynasty, that's all!" " When you are young, you will no longer remember. Although I can remember, I don't know the sadness in his words.
I came to Beijing at the age of nineteen. I will come back to you in the next four years. Four years later, I went to the grave in Heyang Province and met you at my sister-in-law's funeral. Two years later, I assisted Prime Minister Dong in Bianzhou.
You came to save me. I'm only one year old, and I want it back. Next year, Prime Minister. If I had gone to Bianzhou, you wouldn't have come. That year, I helped Rong Xuzhou to let the person who took you do it, but I stopped you, but you couldn't come. I don't think you can be a guest in the East for long. Those who plan for a long time, just like going back to the west, will get married and lead you. Oh! What do you mean, you're dead! You and I are both teenagers, thinking that although we have been apart for a while, we have to get along for a long time, so in order to win the reward, we will leave you for dinner in Beijing. Knowing this, I won't leave you for a day, although it is a common fact.
Last year, Meng Dongye went. My book says to you, "I'm not yet forty years old, but I look at the endless, and my teeth are shaking." It is early to be healthy to miss your father and brother. How long can my decline last? I can't go, if you don't come, you will die at dusk, with endless sadness! "Who said die less and live more? It's better to die more and be sick more! Oh! Its belief is evil? Its dream evil? Is it true or not? Believe me, my brother died of virtue? Are you clean, but not fooled? The young and strong die, but the old and weak survive? It can't be a letter. The dream is not true, the book of Dongye and the newspaper of Genglan are by my side. Oh! Its credibility
Hey! Brother's virtue is high, the heir is dead! If you are pure and clear, you won't be fooled by your family! The so-called unpredictable days, unpredictable gods! The so-called manager can't be pushed, and the longevity is unknown! Although, this year, the gray people turned white, and the swingers took off and fell. Hair and blood are getting weaker and weaker, and geometry won't die from you. If you die, you know, its geometry is separated; Its ignorance, sadness for hours, not sad indefinitely. Your son is ten and my son is five. The few and the strong can't guarantee, so a child can hope to build evil! Alas! Alas!
Last year, you wrote a book saying, "Compared with lameness, this is often a play." I said, "It's a disease, which is common in Jiangnan people." I thought I was worried from the beginning. Oh! How can it ruin its life like this? Don't come to you when you are sick? Your book, June 17. Dongye Yun, you died on June 2nd; Even more, there is no sun, moon and sky. Gaidongye emissary, I don't know to ask his home when and when; For example, Geng Lan's newspaper, I don't know when it will be said. Dongye and I are asking the emissary, and the emissary is listening. What is this? What else is there?
Today, I ask Jianzhong to make a sacrifice to you in memory of your orphans and your nanny. If he has food, he can keep it until he dies, and then he will die.
Because it was taken away; If you can't keep the funeral, then accept it. The rest of the handmaiden, leave you in mourning. I can bury you again, I will bury you in the omen of my ancestors, and then I will do what I want.
Oh! When you are ill, you can't live together in * * *, you can't caress you to do your best, you can't rely on your coffin, you can't stay in your cave. I disobeyed God's will and let you die. Unfortunately and unkind, I can't live and die with you. One is at the edge of the sky and the other is in the corner of the earth. The shadow of life does not depend on my shape, and the dead soul is not connected with my dream. I really did, but it didn't work! The sky is the sky, and it is extremely extreme! From now on, I have no intention of dying! If you want a few hectares of land over an inch, you can teach my son all your life. My eldest daughter married your daughter, that's all. Oh! Words are inexhaustible, and they know their evil! I didn't know it was evil! Alas! Shangyi (Han Yu)
The author introduces:
Han Yu (768-824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Return the word. People from Henan Province (now Meng County, Henan Province). The county looks at Changli, and the world is called Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He lost his father at the age of 3 and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. Eight years of Dezong Zhenyuan
(792) he was promoted to the first class of Jinshi, and later served as the supervisor of the suggestion and Yangshan order. Xian zong acceded to the throne and became a doctor of the country. Later, he went through officials to the right illegitimate son of the prince. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he put down the Yuanji rebellion in Huaixi Wu from Peidu and was promoted to assistant minister of punishments. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), Xian Zong welcomed the Buddha's bones into Da-nei and remonstrated with them, so he was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon, he returned to North Korea and served as an official, son of the country and assistant minister of the official department. After Han Yu died in Chang 'an, he advocated strengthening political reunification and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer regions. Ideologically, he respected Confucianism and suppressed Buddhism, calling himself a descendant of Confucius and Mencius. He opposed the formalistic parallel prose since the Six Dynasties, vigorously advocated ancient prose, and led the ancient prose movement in the middle Tang Dynasty together with Liu Zongyuan. Han Yu was a famous essayist in Tang Dynasty. Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" (Chaozhou Hanwen Gongci Monument). Han Yu's argumentative essays are extensive in content and eclectic in genre, such as The Original Road, Buddha's Bone Table, Teacher's Notes, Jin Xuejie, etc., with novel ideas, distinct viewpoints, boldness and frankness, and strong militancy. His epitaph "Han" creatively applied the biographical techniques of Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji to the epitaph, created a large number of vivid characters, and added a boring epitaph style.
Wonderful, some of which have become excellent biographical literature, such as Liu Zihou's epitaph. Preface to Farewell to Meng Dongye and Preface to Farewell to Dong Shaonan have their own advantages in techniques, which makes Preface to Farewell to Meng Dongye develop into a practical literary style. Books such as Answer to Cui Lizhi were opened because people made statements and they were sincere. Koreans are unrestrained, while Wang Yang is unrestrained, "like the Yangtze River, vast" (Su Xun's Ouyang Connotation Book). Profound conception, ingenious conception, concise language and creativity. His poems are also unique, innovative and long-lasting, making the past serve the present, adopting the style of prose poetry, which is magnificent, full of talent and whimsy, forming a unique style of extraordinary and magnificent, creating an important school after Li and Du Fu, and correcting the mediocre poetic style since Dali. His representative works include "Rocks" and "On the Mid-Autumn Festival to be divided into official posts". The Seven Laws "Moving Left to Lan Guan Xian's Grandnephew" and the Seven Unique Works "Zhang, Assistant Professor of the Ministry of Water Resources in Early Spring" are also well-known masterpieces. However, his excessive pursuit of novelty will inevitably lead to danger and strangeness, and his emphasis on "taking prose as poetry" will inevitably turn poetry into "rhyming literature" The Collected Works of Mr. Changli compiled by master Li Han has been handed down from generation to generation. Athena Chu Dialectics 500 compiled by Wei Zhongju in Song Dynasty contains 40 volumes of collected works of Mr. Changli, and Waiji 10 is relatively complete. Fang Shiju, Notes on Korean Poetry
Annotations on Chronology of Changli Poems and Contemporary Qian Zhonglian's Chronology of Han Changli's Poems are better. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty.
Full text interpretation:
One year, one month, one day, on the seventh day after hearing the news of your death, my uncle Han Yu was able to express his sincerity to you with sadness and asked Jianzhong to prepare timely delicious food as a sacrifice in the distance to comfort your spirit of Shiro:
Alas, I lost my father when I was a child, and I don't know what kind of person my father is when I grow up. I can only rely on my brother and sister-in-law. My brother died in the south in middle age, and you and I were still young, so we followed my sister-in-law to send the coffin back to Heyang for burial. Then I went to Jiangnan with you to make a living, alone, and never separated for a day. There are three brothers above me, all of whom died unfortunately. Inheriting the descendants of my late father, there are only you among my grandchildren and only me among my sons. There is one person left in each generation, lonely. Sister-in-law once touched you and pointed at me and said, "There are only two of you in Korea!" At that time, you were younger than me, of course, I can't remember; Although I can remember the scene at that time, I still can't understand the sadness in her words!
When I was nineteen, I first came to Beijing. It was four years before I came back to see you. Four years later, I went to Heyang to worship my ancestors and visit the grave. I met your coffin and escorted my sister-in-law to be buried. Two years later, I assisted Prime Minister Dong in Bianzhou. You came to see me for only a year. You asked to go back and pick up your wife and children. The following year, when Prime Minister Dong died, I went out of Bianzhou, but you didn't arrive. This year, I work in Xuzhou. I was fired as soon as the person sent to pick you up left, and you didn't come. I think you and I are both guests in Xuzhou, Bianzhou in the east, so it is impossible to stay long. In the long run, I might as well go back to the west, settle down there and pick you up. Alas! Who knew you would suddenly leave me and die?
At the beginning, you and I were both young, and we always thought that although we were temporarily separated, we would be together for a long time after all. So, I left you and lived in Chang 'an, looking for a meager salary. If I really knew this would happen, even if I were a senior official or prime minister, I wouldn't leave you for a day to go to work!
When Meng Dongye came to see you last year, I wrote to you and said, "I am not yet forty years old, but my vision is blurred, my hair is gray and my teeth are loose." Think of each other.
My father and brother both died early when they were healthy and energetic. Can a weak person like me live long in the world? I can't leave (my post) and you won't come. I'm afraid that if I die sooner or later, you will have endless sorrow. "Who knows that the young died first, while the old are still alive, the strong died early, and the weak are still alive?
Alas! Is it true?/You don't say. Or are you dreaming? Or is the news from here unreliable? If it's true, then my brother's moral character is (so) good and he died young? You are (so) pure and clever, but you can't bear his kindness? Should the young and the strong die young, and should the old and the weak live in the world? I really can't believe it! If it's a dream, the bad news is not true, but why is Nobuyoshi Toyo and Genglan's funeral home by my side? Ah! It is probably true! My brother has a good moral character and lost his son in his early years. You are pure and smart. You should have inherited the family business, but now you can't bear your father's kindness. This is the so-called heaven. It's really hard to guess. It's really hard to know God's will! The so-called nature is unpredictable, and the length of life is unpredictable!
Even so, since this year, my white hair has turned white, my loose teeth seem to have fallen off, my body is getting weaker and weaker, and my spirit is getting worse. It won't be long before I die with you If there is a spirit after death, how long can we be apart? If there is no spirit, then I can't be sad for much time, and the time without sadness is endless.
Your son is only ten years old, and my son is only five years old. Young adults are hopeless. How can you expect such a big child to grow up? Ah, sad, really sad!
Last year, you wrote: "I recently suffered from soft feet, and I often have severe pain." I said, "Jiangnan people often get this disease." There is nothing to worry about. Alas, (who knows) it will hurt him? Or is this misfortune caused by other diseases?
Your letter was written on June 17. Dongye said that you died on June 2, and Geng Lan didn't say the date when he sent him to the funeral home. Maybe the messenger of Dongye didn't know to ask your home date, and Geng Lan's funeral service didn't know to tell the date? Or did Dongye just ask the messenger when he wrote to me, and the messenger just said a date and dealt with it? Is that so? still
Is that so?
Now I send Jianzhong to pay homage to you and comfort your children and your wet nurse. They have food to mourn until the end of the mourning period, so they will wait until the end of the mourning period to get it; If I can't stay until the mourning period is over, I'll get it right away. The remaining handmaiden, let them wake up together. If I have the ability to move and bury you, I will bury you next to my ancestral grave in the end. Only in this way can my wish come true.
Alas, I don't know when you are sick, when you are dead and when you are alive. You can't live together and take care of each other. I didn't touch the body and cry when I died. I didn't wake up in front of the coffin when I died, and I didn't go to the grave when I was buried. My behavior failed the gods and made you die so early. I am unfilial to the superior and heartless to the inferior. I can neither take care of my life with you nor die with you. One is in the end of the world, and the other is in the corner. You can't be with me when you are alive, and the soul doesn't appear in my dreams after death. This is all my disaster. Who can complain? God, where is the end?
From now on, I have no mind to run around in this world! Or go back to your hometown to buy a few hectares of land and spend it.
The rest of my life. Educate my son and your son in the hope that they will become talents; Raise my daughter and your daughter until they get married, that's all.
Alas! When the words are finished, the sadness can't end, you know? I don't know yet. Sad! Please enjoy the sacrifice!
The Millennium swan song in the eulogy
-A brief introduction to Han Yu's "Sacrifice to Twelve Langs"
Some people say, "those who read Zhuge Liang's model without tears will be disloyal;" It is unfilial to read Shi Biao's Chen Qingbiao without shedding tears; Those who read Han Tui's "Sacrifice to Twelve Lang Wen" without crying are friends. " "Ode to Twelve Lang" is a masterpiece that has been told for thousands of years and has far-reaching influence. No matter how we evaluate the thoughts and feelings in the article, we can't help but feel sad for the author's sacrifice.
First, sincere feelings make people cry.
The purpose of Han Yu's writing this article is not to praise the dead, but to pour out his grief and place his grief. This is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, it emphasizes the kinship of flesh and blood. The author and his old age, named uncle, are like brothers. "The two worlds are one, and they are lonely." Today, old people die first, and children are young, which makes it even more obvious that the family is dying and there is no hope of revitalization. In ancient times, when family ties were emphasized, it was natural to cause Han Yu's pain. Second, the death of outstanding age is an accident. Old people are younger and stronger than the author, but "when the strong die, the sick are all"; Old age is just a common soft foot disease. The author was careless and unprepared, so he regretted his sudden death. The unexpected blow made him extremely sad. The third is to express the author's own ups and downs in his career and his sense of impermanence in life, thus deepening family ties. The author thinks that both of them are still young, they didn't think of parting for a while, begging for food and wealth, and their careers fled, so they didn't get together more and leave less, but now they have made lifelong regrets. The author inquired about the cause of death and the year of death of Lao Cheng in many ways, but at first glance he fell into a dreamlike maze, deeply feeling that life was neglected and doubly sad.
Second, be informal and express your feelings freely.
At first, the eulogy was mainly to express the mourning for the deceased, and it was generally combined with praising the merits of the deceased. This paper holds that the traditional memorial service opposes the fixed mode of arranging counties, decorating official ranks, describing life and praising virtues, mainly recording trivial matters, showing their close relationship with the deceased, expressing uncontrollable sadness and expressing unforgettable family ties. Formally, it is divided into several blocks, with free and changeable blocks. As Lin Shu said in the Korean Studies Law and the Korean Studies Law: "The style of sacrifice is based on rhyme ... It is extremely painful for the poem" Sacrificing Twelve Lang Wen ". If you can't quit, change your prose. " There are whimpers, no boasting and flowery rhetoric in the full text, which has opened up a new path for later generations, such as Ouyang Xiu's "Longgang Hidden Watch", Gui Youguang's "Ji Xiang Xuanzhi" and Yuan Mei's "My Sisters' Memorial". This liberal writing style makes the author like to talk to the dead, crying and complaining, choking and sobbing, mixed with regrets, grief and self-blame, so it is shocking.
Third, the language is concise and fluent.
The strong emotional power of this eulogy can infect readers so deeply because of the author's superb language and writing skills. It's all prose and easy-going everyday language, long and short, staggered, odd and even, jagged and scattered, doing what you have to do by hook or by crook; Sentences such as interrogative sentences, exclamatory sentences, declarative sentences, and rhetorical devices such as repetition, overlap, parallelism, and calling are all arbitrarily deployed according to emotional needs. In addition, the author takes the form of heart-to-heart communication with the deceased, and calls him "you" and "you". It seems that the dead can also hear the voice of "I", which is extremely natural and true. In this way, the full text has formed a flowing language momentum and an emotional atmosphere that makes people cough. The article is like an invisible hand, hugging its readers tightly.