1. Branch arrangement
Line arrangement is the most basic external formal feature that distinguishes poetry from other styles.
Full of true feelings
Yan Yu said: "Poets also chant temperament." Ye Xie said: "Poetry is the voice of the heart, and you can't go against it." Bai Juyi said: "Poet, root affection, Miao character, Watson, true meaning." Li Ji said: "Poetry is the natural expression of the poet's enthusiasm for social life. Every line of poetry is a record of his emotional excitement. " Ai Qing said: "The sincerity of poetry emotion is the poet's respect and trust for readers." "Poetry and hypocrisy are insulated. As soon as the poet comes into contact with hypocrisy, his poetry fails. " Without love, you can't talk about poetry, and you can't be a poet without expressing your true feelings.
3. Novel ideas
Wang Fuzhi said: "Whether it is poetry or long articles, meaning is the main thing. The meaning is still handsome, and there is no handsome soldier, which is called martial harmony. " Su Shi also said: "A poet can't get what he wants with words, but he will deeply understand his meaning." This emphasizes the importance of meaning. In fact, the meaning is not only important, but also novel. To write the new idea of "everyone has it in his heart, but everyone has nothing in his pen", we must have unique and novel discoveries and feelings.
4. Associative nature
Associative nature is to inspire from what is in front of us, to associate with other things, to be naturally connected with each other, without the feeling of being far-fetched.
Free jump
Poetry can't arrive in an implicit way like novels, nor can it grasp a certain fragment, spread freely and exaggerate like prose. It contains extremely complicated ideological content in a very short chapter, and sometimes it spans a lot of time and space, requiring natural transition and free jumping.
brief and to the point
Conciseness refers to language, concentration and theme, that is, it can reflect life with highly concise, accurate and vivid language, concise and profound, and contain rich ideological content in a limited poem.
7. Harmonious rhythm
The Book of Rites and Music explains: "Rhythm goes or stops, goes and plays, and stops and exists." Rhythm, as a musical term, refers to the phenomenon of long and short strength appearing alternately in sound movement regularly. The rhythm embodied in poetry refers to the syllable pause between words in poetry, or the cadence and urgency of feelings. The former is external rhythm, while the latter is internal rhythm. Only when the exterior and the interior are in harmony can they be catchy and full of musical sense.
8. Vivid image
Image, the original meaning refers to the physical representation of people or things, which has the nature of seeing, hearing, touching and feeling. The ancients discussed form and image separately, thinking that form refers to form and is an objective entity; An image is an image, a reflection of subjective and objective, and an intuitive image of an object through vision. Now people combine "shape" and "image" into a compound word. As an artistic concept, it refers to a concrete, sensible, vivid picture with certain ideological content and aesthetic significance created by the author according to various phenomena in real life, including people, environment and scenery.
9. Beautiful artistic conception
Meaning refers to the context of meaning, that is, the context of thoughts and feelings; Context refers to the image of context, that is, the object of meaning and pulsation. The combination of artistic conception refers to a realm produced by the combination of the author's thoughts and feelings with external things. That is to say, the poet combines his subjective feelings with the objective scenery and depicts it by artistic means, forming an artistic realm with both form and spirit, which contains moral, moral, scenery outside the scene and image outside the image, so that readers can perceive infinity from the limited and obtain a charming aesthetic feeling.
10. Reality and surplus coexist
Drama pays attention to "not like drama, too like art"; Painting is "between similarity and non-similarity" (Qi Baishi's language); Write a poem "When Between Tangent and Non-Tangent" (Cha Renshu), "If it is too relevant, it will stick to the tape, and if it is not relevant, it will catch the wind. It must be between nothing and nothing "(Qian Yongyu). Like and dislike, like and dislike, cut and cut, never abandon, etc., are all the same meaning, which can be summed up as dealing with reality and reality. On painting, Xun said: "The ancients used a pen, and the so-called painting method means that in the virtual and the real, the virtual and the real make the pen vivid and organic, and the machine is infinitely interesting and endless." Poetry is the same, there is truth and falsehood, and the combination of truth and falsehood can bring readers to an artistic realm that is neither divorced from reality nor beyond reality, true and illusory, blurred and hazy.