As early as childhood, Su Shi's father Su Xun noticed the personality differences between Su Shi and Su Zhe. Su Shi was brilliant since he was a child. He was a scholar in the second year of Jiayou (1057) and became famous in the capital. Since then, Guanhai has experienced ups and downs and suffered many misfortunes. Su Shi, who has traveled all over the world in a bumpy life, has been drifting away, making him have to think about his belonging as soon as possible. When Su Shi was an official in various places, it was his duty to sympathize with the sufferings of the people. Coupled with his charming talent, optimistic and open-minded mind and love for life, he is deeply loved and revered by people everywhere, no matter where the official lives. He has too many choices about his future life, which is inseparable from his carefree personality. Su Shi's personality is bold, sharp-edged, and indeed' no exterior decoration'. As a result, he was repeatedly reprimanded all his life and almost beheaded. A rut is a trace of a car being run over. It has neither the advantages of a car nor the disaster of rollover, and it is' between good and bad'. Su Zhe's personality is straightforward and indifferent, which is hidden. Therefore, in the fierce party struggle in the future, although he was repeatedly denounced, he was able to avoid disaster and spend his old age safely.
When he was young, Su Shi was proud of the spring breeze with the support of Ouyang Xiu. However, with the implementation of Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi's bad luck followed, and he was repeatedly relegated and went further and further. Two months before Su Shi's death, he wrote a poem on the portrait made by the painter Li for him: his heart is like ash, and his body is like a boat. Ask about your achievements in life, Yanzhou, Huizhou, Huangzhou. It's really painful Although Su Shi was in the position of being excluded and attacked in all previous party struggles, he did not compromise. Wang Anshi's political reform, Su Shi felt that the new law was too radical, harmful to the people and opposed to political reform, so he was sentenced to Hangzhou by the new party. When he left Beijing, his friend Wen Tong advised him: "Northern guests come to ask, West Lake is good, don't recite poems." (In Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua) But Su Shi didn't listen to his friends' advice during his nine years in Huzhou. During his nine years from Tongguan to Huzhou, he wrote a series of political satires against the shortcomings of the new law at that time, such as "Yanhe River in the Rain in tangcun", "Five Wonders of Mountain Villages" and "Wu Zhong Tian Cai Tan". Su Shi opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. However, during his tenure as a local official, he saw some advantages of the new law, so he changed his attitude towards the new law and dared to admit his mistakes. Although his political views are different from his, Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, who are superior in knowledge and morality, admire him very much. But for those hypocrites, Su Shi showed their true colors mercilessly. Su Shi always insisted on maintaining his personality. Su Shi couldn't help venting his dissatisfaction with the blow and oppression imposed on him by the outside world.
In his life, he left many poems, which reflected his character and thoughts in his works. In Dongpo's ci, there is a tone that runs through it, whether it is bright or dark. We might as well call it "the aria of life". Accompanied by it, the author's continuous thinking about life: its breadth and depth are unprecedented in the history of ci.
The life thinking embodied in Dong Bo's ci mainly includes the following three pairs of life contradictions:
1, formal and retired
Su Shi embarked on his official career as early as the age of 26, wandering in the sea of officials for a long time, and faced many life choices, especially when he felt lost and politically frustrated and was exiled and fled. Confucianism's thought of joining the WTO is his "backbone"
In his early years, he said, "Why is it so difficult to be a gentleman?". It can best represent his yearning and pursuit of achievement. However, after a long time without much success, I gradually tend to shrink back: "Scratching my head for you, I feel that my fame and fortune are more sparse." "When will I go back, I will be a free man?" For a piano, a pot of wine, a wisp of cloud. After experiencing the ups and downs of his official career, the poet realized the twists and turns of his official career: "Thirty-three years of wandering in the rivers and seas, Wan Li was in Yun Fan. "His inherent requirements for retirement are naturally particularly strong. But once he was "released" by the imperial court, he thought that his achievements had not yet been established, and he could not help but lament generously: "I don't repay my kindness when I am old, but I will play a sad song later." "It can be seen that the poet is still hesitating between going in and going out. In the poet's view, the best way to solve this contradiction is to retire after success: "If you succeed, you will return to your hometown. "
2. Ideal and reality
Although the poet holds the ideal of "being a gentleman and being flexible", the reality is not satisfactory: cumbersome official duties and frequent transfers make him involuntarily: "If you hate this body for a long time, when will you forget the camp"; "Life is like a boat." His sense of wandering, depravity and boredom also arises spontaneously: "Strangers wander everywhere"; "The end of the world is the same." Wutai Poetry Case, Huangzhou and Linghai were relegated twice, all of which shattered the poet's ideal. "Official travel to Qian Shan." Words are full of twists and turns and unspeakable difficulties! The poet suddenly lost his mind: "it rained in the middle of the night on the plane leaves, and the dream soul was nowhere to be found"; Suddenly self-mockery: "three into the Ming Dynasty, four to nine clear, ask the scholar, why shame him"; Suddenly wronged: "ask what the public is, don't say anything in the book"; Suddenly sad: "the beads are splashed with tears, and the Dan is broken"; These are all caused by the ups and downs of official career.
Why is it so difficult for poets to proceed from reality and move towards ideals? First, there was a party struggle in the imperial court, and various factions contained each other, attacked each other and fought endlessly, which made it difficult for Su Shi to develop his economy. Second, the weak national strength of the Song Dynasty, coupled with the conservative ethnic policy, determined that the rulers could not do much. "It is difficult to tolerate Tao, so you can be jealous" (Xue Yu), and Su Shi's fate is unknown. So, how to solve the contradiction between ideal and reality? Su Shi's answer is roughly: "dilute the consciousness of fame and fortune;" Abide by the impromptu life philosophy of "using time to hide in me"; Hold the attitude of "happiness knows life".
3. Universe and Life
This is a heavy and basic subject. Su Shi touched on the profound contradiction between the infinity of the universe and the brevity of life in his mythical whimsy. In view of this, he is extremely sensitive to the tide wait for no man. "the personnel are bleak, and it is another year to turn back"; "This night is not long. Where will the bright moon look next year?" This is lamenting the shortness of life, and its anxiety about life itself is the same as its words of cherishing flowers and hurting spring. However, Su Shi did not sigh blindly. In Fu on the Red Wall, he put forward a philosophical explanation from a macro perspective: "If we look at it as it is, things are infinite to me". He often shows his love for life and life in his ci, and this philosophical attitude is reflected in his ci.
I think the most noteworthy parts of Dongpo's ci are those with positive ideological significance.
Love for real life, indifference in prosperity, calmness in adversity, and understanding in the face of changes. The life thinking in Dongpo's ci is beyond the common customs. One of the important reasons is that the author absorbed the positive factors of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Confucianism's accession to the WTO and promising, so that he loves life and life; Taoism's inaction, especially Zhuangzi's theory of uniformity of things, made him indifferent to fame and fortune, and he also seemed to be comfortable in adversity; The quietness and tact of Buddhism inspired him to move towards harmony and understanding. Another important reason is the author's unremitting pursuit of the aesthetic realm of life, trying to transcend the utilitarian realm of life: whether in good times or in bad times.
Su Shi's meditation on life philosophy expressed in his poems undoubtedly embodies a deep humanistic concern, which can give useful enlightenment and even spiritual nourishment to future generations.
On July 28th (1 10 1 August 24th), Su Dongpo, the first generation of literary giant, passed away in Changzhou, more than 900 years ago. People in China throughout the ages and even today always miss this literary master, a rare generalist and wizard. His extraordinary talents in poetry, calligraphy and painting have been admired by people so far. His wandering career and wandering life experience have been lamented by people so far. His cheerful and open-minded mind and upright integrity have been admired by people so far; Even his gossip and anecdotes are well known to women and children. Zhou Qijuan of A Qing Dynasty put it well: "Mr. Shu was also born in Shu. Regardless of Shu, all the gentlemen rule the world." Although Su Shi's hometown is Meishan, Sichuan, Su Shi is also the pride of Changzhou people. 900 years ago, Su Shi died in Changzhou. From then on, his lofty and straight tone echoed on the land of Jiangnan. As the burial place of Su Shi's soul in the south of the Yangtze River, Changzhou has his footprints in almost every corner, which is exactly the answer: "Hidden in Yu Ying, sent to the temple, although not his hometown, he is called a countryman."
In a word, Su Shi, whether a man or a writer, is the natural expression of his integrity. Later generations spoke highly of Su Shi's truthfulness. Fang's "Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" says: "Dongpo ... sees the world with real bones and spits out its genus at will, which is naturally wonderful." Mr. Wang Shuizhao said: "In Su Shi's mind, advocating the truth and nature and opposing the imprisonment or disguise of human nature are no longer general ethical principles and moral requirements, but the fundamental pursuit of human ontology." It can be regarded as the best annotation of Su Shi's straightforward personality.