Realism is not only a world view, but also a set of false research paradigms containing various realistic theories and viewpoints. Realism is first of all a long-standing philosophical tradition and world outlook. As a world outlook, realism is based on a pessimistic understanding of moral progress and human ability. Realists regard history as a cycle rather than progress, and they deeply doubt whether human beings have the ability to overcome recurring conflicts and establish lasting cooperation and peace. The realistic world outlook pays more attention to the evil in human nature and the recurring tragedies in human experience. These realistic philosophical views have been strongly reflected in the works of Thucydides, Hobbes and Machiavelli. In the 20th century, ReinholdNiebuhr was a typical representative of this realism, although the philosophical basis of realism was clearly demonstrated in the works of HerbertButterfield, MartinWight and Hans Morgenthau.
Surrealism is a literary trend of thought of the western bourgeoisie in the early 20th century, which developed from Dadaism and claimed that Dadaism was its pioneer. Surrealism originated in France and dominated the French literary world during the two world wars, which had a wide influence, including Belgium, Czech Republic, Yugoslavia, and even the United States, Japan and Mexico. His creation is mainly poetry, which affects prose, novels and plays, and is also manifested in painting.
What's the difference between postmodernism and surrealism?
Formally speaking, postmodernism is a trend of thought that originated from modernism but rebelled against it, and there is a relationship between it and modernism that is both inheritance and rebellion. From the content point of view, postmodernism is a reflection and answer to the negative effects of industrial civilization, a criticism and deconstruction of the deprivation of human subjectivity, the rigidity of emotional richness, the integrity, centrality and identity of mechanical unity in the process of modernization, and also a criticism and deconstruction of essentialism, foundationalism, "metaphysical presence" and "Logocentrism" of western traditional philosophy. Postmodernism is essentially a revision and rebellion against western traditional philosophy and western modern society, and it is an "overcorrection" that inevitably goes to the other extreme-skepticism and nihilism.
Surrealism is a school of literature and art that originated in France, originated from Dadaism, and has a far-reaching influence on visual arts. It was popular in European literary and art circles from 1920 to 1930. The theoretical basis of exploring this school is influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis and devoted to discovering human subconscious psychology. Therefore, it advocates abandoning the realistic image of the image world based on logical and orderly experience memory and trying to integrate the realistic concept with instinct, subconscious and dream experience. Its main feature is that it regards the so-called "surreal" and "super-rational" dreams and hallucinations as the source of artistic creation, and thinks that there is only this "unconscious" world outside reality. Only in this way can we get rid of all constraints and truly show the true face of objective facts. Surrealism has greatly influenced the traditional view of art. It is also often called the surrealist movement. Or simply surreal.
There is no necessary connection between them. The former focuses on ideological trend, while the latter focuses on artistic expression.
What does surrealism mean?
Surrealism is a genre of literature and art that prevailed between the two world wars. This school originated from Dada art and has a far-reaching influence on visual art. The theoretical basis of this school is influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis and is committed to discovering human subconscious psychology. Therefore, it advocates abandoning the realistic image of the image world based on logical and orderly experience memory and trying to integrate the realistic concept with instinct, subconscious and dream experience. Surrealism artists mainly include Joan Miro, salvador dali, Ernst, R Magritte and others. Miro's creative performance is deliberately disturbing the normal perceptual order, and under the guidance of intuition, he expresses his mind's improvisation in almost abstract language. Therefore, there will be symbolic symbols and simplified images in its works, which will give the works a sense of freedom and childlike innocence. His main works include The Man Throwing Stones at Birds and Inside the Dutch Family. Compared with Miro, Dali adopted the opposite expression. Dali believes that artists should accurately record the image of the subconscious, so he uses "figuration" to accurately copy the illusion produced by abnormal logical thinking, and combine all irrelevant things to make the picture full of dramatic effects and bring people visual and spiritual shock. His major works include Eternal Memory and Omen of Civil Disturbance.
How to understand surrealism
The main feature of surrealism is that the so-called "surreal" and "super-rational" dreams and hallucinations are the source of artistic creation, and it is believed that only this "unconscious" world beyond reality can get rid of all constraints and truly show the true face of objective facts.
To understand a surrealist work, we must think in combination with the starting point of the author's creation.
Generally, a painting will have a prominent point, which may be the theme that the original author wants to express. What does the specific theme mean?
Is that different people have different opinions.
What is the difference between absurdity and surrealism?
Stream of consciousness,
Stream-of-consciousness literature generally refers to literary works that focus on describing the flowing state of characters' consciousness. The word "stream of consciousness" is a psychological vocabulary, which was introduced into the literary world in 19 18 when May Sinclair commented on Dorothy Richardson's novel Journey. Stream-of-consciousness literature is an important branch of modernist literature, and its main achievements are limited to the field of novels, but also in drama and poetry.
Representative works of stream-of-consciousness novels
1. Memories of the past (Proust) France
2. Spots on the wall (Adeline Virginia Woolf) UK
3. "Contour warming" (many) China
Ridiculous,
Absurd literature is one of the important schools of western modernist literature in the twentieth century, which mainly refers to drama creation. It shows the absurdity of the world and human existence in absurd ways. The Theatre of the Absurd was born in Paris, France in the early 1950s, and then it had a wide influence in European and American countries, ruling western drama for twenty years, and then it fell into mourning in the early 1970s.
Beckett's Waiting for Godot (1952) and Good Days (196 1)
Adamov (1953), Professor Tarana (1953), major surgery,
Unescu's The Bald Singer (1950), Chair (1952), Maid (1947), Balcony (1956), Black (65438+).
Edward Albert's Who's Afraid of Virginia wolf (1966
Magic Realism
Magic realism is a literary genre that prevailed in Latin America around the 1950s. It is not the product of literary groups, but a homogenization tendency in literary creation, mainly in the field of novels, limited to Latin America.
Famous writers and works belonging to this genre include: the novel Mr. President by Guatemalan writer Miguel á ngel Asturias (1946), the novel Pedro Paramo by Mexican writers Juan and Rulfo (1955), the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude by Colombian writer Garcí a Má rquez (1967), etc.
superrealism
Surrealism is a school of literature and art that originated in France and originated from Dadaism, which has a far-reaching influence on visual arts. It was popular in European literary and art circles from 1920 to 1930. Its main feature is that the so-called "surreal" and "super-rational" dreams and hallucinations are the source of artistic creation, and it is believed that only this "unconscious" world beyond reality can get rid of all constraints and truly show the true face of objective facts. Surrealism has greatly influenced the traditional view of art. It is also often called the surrealist movement. Or simply surreal. The masterpiece is the novel Najia published by Brittany in 1928. In the late 1920s, there was a split within the movement. 1930, Brittany published the second declaration of surrealism, reaffirming the principles of the movement: the absoluteness of resistance, the thoroughness of disobedience and the destructiveness of rules and regulations. Since then, the movement has been at a low ebb, and almost only Brittany has persisted. During his exile in the United States during World War II, his propaganda never stopped. After Brittany returned to France in 1946, she continued to run magazines, hold exhibitions and give radio speeches, which set off a wave of surrealism movement, which influenced many countries in Europe and America, but its momentum was far less than that in the 1920s.
Surrealism has a long history. This school is attractive and vital, and many modernists are influenced by its theory.