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20 13 special review of Chinese in college entrance examination: appreciation exercise of ancient poems
One or three-year college entrance examination
Analysis of 20 12 college entrance examination questions
(20 12 national new curriculum standard) (2) reading of ancient poems (1 1)
Read the following Song Ci and complete questions 8 ~ 9.
Siyuanyan Dao Ji
Red leaves and yellow flowers are in late autumn, and thousands of miles miss travelers. Flying clouds pass by, and no letter returns to the flood. Where can I send books? Tears are endless, so I spin ink on the inkstone. I can't write gradually, because I am deeply in this situation, and the red note is colorless.
8. What kind of feelings does this word express? What is the role of the phrase "red leaves and yellow flowers in late autumn" in expressing this feeling? (5 points)
9. What is the relationship between "spinning ink on the inkstone" and "dripping water under the window"? What is the reason why "red notes are colorless"? Please analyze it briefly. (6 points)
The answer relationship is that "grinding ink on inkstone" means grinding ink with tears dripping from the window and writing books with tears.
Reason: The red note was soaked with tears. Because of deep feelings, the hero in the poem kept crying when writing a book, and tears fell on the paper, so the red note faded.
The analysis of this topic aims to grasp the image of Xiatan. The meaning in the poem is "those two lines of endless tears are still dripping from the window and entering the inkstone, so they are used to grind fragrant ink." It is precisely because there is no place to send books that tears are played, which increases the sense of sadness. Tears are endless, but the window drips, and there is an inkstone to bear the tears, so I write books in ink. I can't write, the depth of this feeling', the ink is on the paper, love and tears stick together, and I can't tell which is tears and which is love. Therefore, it is not that the red color of the note is pale because of tears, but that there is no red note color because of deep affection. Therefore, there is an implicit relationship between "spinning ink on the inkstone" and "dripping ink on the window", which is intended to emphasize the deep affection of missing.
Location of test sites, appreciation of poetry expression skills.
(20 12 Tianjin) 14. Read the following poem and answer as required. (8 points)
Wild Chrysanthemum, Song and
I didn't become a poet, but I became a double ninth festival.
Politics (2) There are dark colors in the wild, and I am willing to reduce the fragrance for no one?
It's too late to meet the mid-levels, so I'm busy folding a yellow one.
Flowers should scoff at Dongli people and plead with Weng Tao.
Note ① Famine food: dry food. The first sentence gave Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" sentence of "Evening Banquet and Autumn Chrysanthemum". 2 Politics: preach "positive"
(1) What kind of wild chrysanthemum image did Zhuan Xu describe? (2 points)
(2) Please appreciate the necklace from your own perspective. (3 points)
(3) Tao Yuanming's poems were finally used in couplets? What kind of interest did the author express? (3 points)
Reference: (1) Chrysanthemum indicum grows in Shan Ye with elegant color and fresh fragrance. Don't diminish its fragrance because no one appreciates it, and don't change your inner purity because of the external environment.
(2) Rhetoric: duality and metonymy. Refined words: "every" and "busy". Colors: "Blue" and "Yellow". Emotion: affection.
(3) It is natural to pick chrysanthemums under the hedge.
The analysis question (1) examines the grasp of images in poetry. To appreciate the images in poetry, we should first base ourselves on the content of the poem, and then combine the words in the poem. Question (2) Examine the appreciation of poetry. In fact, the appreciation of poetry should also be reflected in the appreciation of specific words in poetry. Question (3) is to analyze the understanding and grasp of the thoughts, feelings and contents of poetry.
The examination center locates and appreciates the image, language and expression skills of literary works, and evaluates the ideological content of the article and the author's views and attitudes.
(20 12 Sichuan) 12. Read the following poem and then answer this question (8 points).
Subscale annotation
[Yuan] Cao
Uncle ao was an ancient emperor, and sent thousands of words and blood to Nianfang.
The greedy husband is tired of listening to empty plans, and the distant guests are heartbroken at a glance.
Spring flowers are like rain, and the moon is like frost.
Whoever is urged to go home will only be busy with farm work in the eastern suburbs.
Note: Du Fu, also known as Shu Soul, Shu Soul and Shu Ghost, is said to have been transformed by Du Yu, the ancient king of Shu.
(1) The word "empty" in the second couplet of this poem is full of charm. Please enjoy this poem briefly (3 points)
(2) What kind of emotion does this poem mainly express? Please choose two images that can express this emotion and analyze them briefly. (5 points)
Answer (1) Key points of the answer: The word "empty" vividly depicts the contradictory state that the greedy husband is tired of listening but has to listen, and vividly expresses the melancholy of the greedy husband's futility. (3 points)
(2) Key point: This poem mainly expresses homesickness. Examples of image analysis: ① Sub-rules. Zi Gui weeps and urges people to go home every year, which makes "greedy husband" and "distant guest" all heartbroken, which shows that he is homesick and it is not easy to go home. 2 greedy husband, distant guest. It means people who live in foreign countries. No matter "tired of listening" or "listening for the first time", they are all "empty plans" and "heartbroken" in the sound of "urging home" to express their homesickness. (3) Jinshui silkworm. Spring has been disabled, the flowers have fallen, and the golden spring scenery is eclipsed, setting off the homesickness. 4 chutian moonlight. When I woke up in a foreign land, the moonlight was like frost, which set off a desolate and cold atmosphere and expressed my homesickness. (5 points)
The problem of analysis (1) is a problem of word extraction. Many ancient poems have been studied with "emptiness", and students are no strangers. As long as we grasp the psychology and emotion of the image of "greedy husband" and combine the theme of homesickness, we can deduce the answer. Question (2) is about emotions and images. It is not difficult to see the emotional theme of homesickness from the title of Zigui. Choose two images in the poem at will, and combine them with emotional theme analysis.
Orientation of test sites and appreciation of ancient poems.
16. From the perspective of situational relationship, appreciate how the first two couplets of this poem express the author's feelings. (4 points)
The first couplet of this poem depicts lush trees, the setting sun and colorful, which implicitly conveys the author's happy mood. Turning your face directly expresses the author's joy when he sees the beautiful scenery on the road. There are feelings in the two scenes, and there are scenes in the feelings, and the scenes blend.
The analysis of emotion and scenery can be divided into direct lyricism, lyricism through scenery, lyricism in scenery and scene blending. The first couplet is a blend of scenes, and the couplet is directly lyrical.
The examination center locates and appreciates the artistic image, expression and language style of the works.
Classification of lyrical ways with reference to preparation suggestions
trait
example sentence
Brief analysis
Direct lyric
Speak one's mind
The autumn wind broke the hut.
Without attaching anything, the author directly shows his love-hate attitude towards related people and things.
The space between/between/between/rooms.
receive
Golden sun new curriculum standard resource network
Aijintaiyang New Curriculum Standard Resource Network
Use a scene to express your feelings.
Bai Juyi's Grass [Source: Golden Sun New Curriculum Standard Resource Network]
That is, "scenery" gives birth to "emotion". This is the most common way to express feelings.
Emotion in scenery description
Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness.
The poet looks at the scene with special emotion, which naturally takes on the color of the poet's emotion.
(of literary works) the feeling and background blend happily/appropriately.
Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon.
Lyricism and scenery writing have reached a seamless and natural state.
Hold something to express your wishes.
Lu You's "Yongmei of the Operator"
That is, by describing other things, to express the thoughts and character of the characters.
(20 12 Jiangxi Edition) 14. Read the following Song Ci and complete the following questions. (8 points)
Jiangchengzi
Qin Guan
Willow trees in the west city make spring soft. Tears can't be collected when you are away from troubles. I still remember my feelings. I once went back to the boat for the department. In the days of Bi Ye Zhu Qiao, people disappeared and the water flowed in vain.
Youth is not for teenagers. Hate you, when to rest. When the flying catkins fall, they climb the stairs. Then (2) Chunjiang burst into tears, gushing and preoccupied.
Note (1) Youth: Youth also refers to beautiful spring scenery. 2 change: even if.
(1) Summarize the connotations of the images of "willow" and "flying catkins" and analyze the emotions expressed by this word. (4 points)
Image connotation: willow refers to the early spring season, which is a metaphor for the separation of men and women. Flying catkins refer to the late spring season, which means the passing of youth. (2 points) Expressed emotion: I feel sad when I get hurt in spring, and I feel sorry for others when I meet again after a long separation. (2 points)
This problem is not difficult to analyze. Willow and catkin are common images in ancient poetry.
Location of test sites This topic examines the understanding and emotional analysis of common images in ancient poetry.
(2) The phrase "Always walk by the river, and worry more and worry less" comes from "How much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward" (The Mermaid by Li Yu). Please compare the similarities and differences between them. (4 points)
The answer is the same: ① I wrote the depth, breadth and length of my troubles. (2) Metaphorical techniques and artistic effects: Water is used to express sorrow, and the image is vivid. (2 points) Difference: ① Emotion and its degree: Li Ci is concerned about the country and the people, while Qin Ci is affectionate, and the sadness of Qin Ci is slightly deeper than Li Ci; (2) Expression: Qin Ci is a renovation of Li Ci, which does not directly use water as a metaphor for sorrow, but uses spring water as a metaphor for tears, and then twists and turns to write sorrow with tears. (2 points)
When analyzing the requirements of concerned topics, we should not only answer the same questions, but also analyze the differences. Combining words and phrases, this paper makes a comparative analysis from two aspects: ideological content and expression techniques.
Location of test sites This topic examines the comparative appreciation and comprehensive evaluation ability of ancient poetry language.
(20 12 Hunan edition) 9. Read the following words and then answer the questions.
Meng Jiangnan Wen Tingjun
Never hate, hate to the ends of the earth. I don't know what I'm thinking. Water and wind are empty. Yun Lan swaying oblique.
(1) What does the word "hate" mean? (2 points)
The location of the test center this topic examines the ability to grasp the author's thoughts and feelings, and the ability level is D.
The key to solving the problem lies in the "Tianya" in the second sentence, from which we can see that the protagonist in the poem is left behind and his feelings are sad.
The answer is the disappointment of missing a sweetheart who is far away from the world.
(2) What kind of heroic images are depicted in the three or four sentences in the word? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)
The location of the test center examines the appreciation ability of images in poetry, and the ability level is D.
One of the skills to analyze and appreciate characters is through image analysis. The image of "moon" promotes the expression of parting thoughts, and "I don't know what's on my mind" expresses the lonely situation and desolate mood of the characters. The images of "water" and "flower" show the mentality of self-pity.
The protagonist is full of sorrow, but far away from the moon, but confused by the moon; Looking at the flowers by the water, the flowers have fallen and no one cares. It depicts a lonely and self-pitying hero.
Please briefly appreciate the conclusion of this word. (4 points)
Location of the test center This topic examines the ability to appreciate and express, and the ability is level D.
Analyze whether the expression skill of this sentence is to express emotion by borrowing scenery or to answer it by blending scenes. These two kinds of scenery show different feelings respectively. "swaying tree" symbolizes the ups and downs of missing; Yun Lan Oblique shows a deep and sad mood.
The answer is lyric. Throw the thoughts of the end of the world into the boundless sky, show the uneasy mood with blue clouds swaying, and show the depressed mood with blue clouds falling obliquely.
(20 12 Hunan Edition) 10. Read the following Tang poems and complete the questions. (8 points)
The king of destruction ① (2) Li Yi
The wild geese fly in the sand, and the ostrich returns from the war in spring (2).
Tomorrow, I will leave the southeast, covered with cold iron clothes. Golden sun new curriculum standard resource network
Note ① Broken sand: desert name. ② Erhu Spring: the name of the spring.
(1) According to the theme, this poem belongs to _ _ _ _ _. (2 points)
Ansai frontier fortress
The analysis of poems describing frontier fortress scenery and military life, such as Broken Sand, Spring Tour and Iron Clothes, belongs to the category of frontier fortress poems.
The location of the test center this question examines the examinee's ability to grasp the content of poetry.
(2) Please appreciate the whole poem from the perspective of artistic conception. (6 points)
The whole poem depicts the soldiers returning from the battlefield. The first two sentences write that the desert is far away and the geese fly high, which has both the joy of the winner and the homesickness of people; (2 points) The last two sentences say that the sunrise is southeasterly and the iron clothes are cold, which not only shows the clean-up of military capacity under the magnificent background, but also implies the hardships of military life. (2 points) Poetry captures rich images with frontier characteristics, creates a heroic and magnificent artistic conception through the contrast of joy, sadness, warmth and lewdness, and expresses the generous and tragic feelings of recruiters. (2 points)
To analyze the appreciation of artistic conception, we should grasp the images in the description of scenery, explain the picture sentence by sentence and understand the poet's feelings. The whole poem captures the scene of soldiers returning from the battlefield. The scenery is "the desert is far away, the geese fly high" and "the southeast wind at sunrise, and the iron clothes are cold". The artistic conception is magnificent, the soldiers' emotions are complex, they have the joy of winners, the homesickness of people, and the generosity and sadness of people.
Location of the test center This question examines the examinee's ability to appreciate the scenery image of poetry and to evaluate the author's thoughts and feelings. Ability level is D, appreciation and evaluation.
(20 12 Guangdong) 10. Read the following poem and then answer this question. (7 points)
Yuhang April
Bai Wei
Yuhang Road in April. Yiqing has a lot of business.
Zhu Ying ① Village of Mung Bean Wine, Grass and White Goose.
The bow is slippery, and the wind is light.
Several silkworms are moving, and the door is closed during the day.
Note ① Zhu Ying: A kind of cherry. ② Close the Tianmen Gate: From silkworm hatching to cocoon formation, the silkworm raiser stays at home all day in case outsiders attack him.
(1) The couplets of poems use a variety of expressions when writing scenes. Please point out one of them and make a brief analysis with poems. (3 points)
(2) What do you mean by "sunshine business"? Where is it reflected in the poem? Please analyze it briefly. (4 points)
The answer tips (1) are listed, the combination of distance, motion and static, color state, vision and smell, and scene blending. (2) The whole sunny day is full of vitality.
analyse
Location of test center (1) Appreciating the image, language and expressive ability of literary works, with ability level D.
(2) Evaluate the ideological content of the article and the author's attitude and ability level.
(20 12 outline version) 12. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (8)
fallen leaves
Xiumuzhu
The leaves are red after the rain.
Looking back at spring, I believe there is autumn wind.
Several places follow the running water, and the river is in chaos.
You should only be on your own, not with you.
[Note] Xiu Mu: a poet in the late Tang Dynasty.
(1) From the perspective of writing fallen leaves, how is the difference between the second couplet, the first couplet and the third couplet reflected? What's the use of writing like this?
A:
(2) Why should the last couplet of this poem be loosely written? Please analyze it briefly.
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Answer 1, the first and third parts describe the modality of fallen leaves after autumn rain from the perspective of onlookers, while the main body of "thinking" and "belief" in the second part is fallen leaves, which makes it personalized. The second couplet is inserted between the first couplet and the third couplet, which makes the whole poem rich and varied and interesting. (4 points) (If you answer the functions of "thinking" and "belief", give 2 points; Answer the questions that make the whole poem full of changes, and give 2 points)
2. By comparing the difference between the "standing" of pine trees and the "falling" of leaves, the author expresses his admiration for the immortality of pine trees and strengthens the feeling of falling leaves. (4 points) (2 points for the answers that constitute comparison, and 2 points for the answers that can be briefly analyzed)
The analysis of the first question focuses on the angle and function of poetic image description, and appropriate points should be added to answer other description angles and functions; The angle of the first question is not clear, and the students' answers should be varied. The second question examines the technique of poetry and the author's emotion.
The orientation of the examination center is to appreciate the image, language and expression skills of poetry.
(20 12 Chongqing) 12. Read the following words and then answer the questions. (6 points)
Partridge Forecast [Gold] Ji Wang
After autumn, the leaves of Gao Ting (1) became sparse, but before the frost, these geese were closed and returned to the south. Small clouds are thinner than mountainsides, and rain comes to water and fertilizer. I am old. I have forgotten my plane for a long time. Sha Ou is relatively not surprised by flying. Liuxi's father should have pity on me, but the old fisherman in the southwest is deserted.
【 Note 】 ① Gao Ting: Flat land near water. ② Forgetting the machine: eliminate the machine heart. A clever heart, a cunning heart. (3) Sha Ou is relatively not surprised to fly: Bai Juyi said in a poem: "Magpies talk diligently, but inorganic gulls are not surprised." .
(1) This sentence describes the changes of mountains and rivers. Please analyze its ingenuity. (4 points)
The answer (1) uses analogy to write about the change of scenery. "Clouds are gone, the mountainside is thin", which describes the beauty of the mountain peak after the clouds are gone, implying the magnificence of the imaginary mountain peak when the clouds are gone; "It rains overnight" not only shows the width of the water surface after it rains at night, but also implies the narrowness of the water surface before it rains.
Analyze the technique first, then explain it. Since the word "change" is pointed out, we should analyze the implied virtual scene from the real scene in front of us. When you see "scattered", you should think about what it was like before it was scattered. The content of the topic has been pointed out-the change of landscape has been written, and the topic is mainly to analyze its expression effect in combination with poetry. What did you write and how did you write it? That would be a better answer.
Location of test sites This topic examines the ability to analyze and appreciate the artistic skills of poetry.
(2) Why does the author say that "there is no one here, but the southwest is fishing for old stones"? (2 points)
Because fishing is an organic thing, the author has forgotten the opportunity and stopped fishing, so he said that he abandoned the old fishing.
Analyze the results and find out the reasons. First determine the scope of the word, refer to your notes and find out the word "forget your phone".
The location of the test center is a question of understanding the content of poetry. Understanding poetry begins with verses, and then thinking as a whole.
20 1 1 Analysis of College Entrance Examination Questions
(Zhejiang) Read the following words and complete 2 1-22. (7 points)
Hua Lian Chusai
Nalanxingde
Today, the ancient rivers and mountains have not explicitly refused, and horses come and go with the sound of painting horns. Everything is desolate, who can speak? The west wind blows the old Danfeng. Once upon a time, there were countless grievances, such as Ma Tiejin Ge and Qingcheng Evening Road. I love it deeply, and the mountains shine in the autumn rain.
What are the characteristics of the beginning of the word 2 1.? (3 points)
Answers always lead to the whole word and point out the main idea; Discussion begins; Set the emotional tone.
22. Analysis of the expression of underlined sentences. (4 points)
Answer 1 Ask questions with emotion and answer with scenery. (2) Turning the abstraction into an image scene enhances the lyrical effect of the whole poem. The combination of the three images of "deep mountain", "sunset" and "autumn rain" euphemistically expresses the poet's inner loneliness and melancholy.
Appreciation of the image, language and expression skills of literary works in college entrance examination sites
(Tianjin) Read the following poem and answer as required. (8 points)
torrential rain
Song Kazuki Watanabe musician
The black clouds in oxtail pour thick ink, and the wind and rain blow the axle.
The surging waves instantly rolled up the beach, and a hundred thousand troops roared down the waterfall.
The shepherd boy lives in Xixi Canal and invades Niumuxi North.
Rushing across the stream in the rain, the rain suddenly cleared and the mountains were green.
-"Siku Quanshu"
(1) How effective are the words "Juan" and "Hou" in the third and fourth sentences? Please analyze this poem. (2 points)
(2) Please appreciate the sentence "The rain suddenly clears, the mountains are clear and the waters are beautiful" in combination with the whole poem. (3 points)
(3) Some people say that the fifth and sixth sentences of this poem can be placed at the beginning. What do you think? Why? (3 points)
The answer (1) from the visual point of view, wrote the rapid situation when the shower came; Write about the strength of the shower from the perspective of hearing.
Writing rain comes and goes quickly, and there is sunshine in the poem; The mountains are green and the water is green, which describes the changes of the scenery before and after the rain, implying the shepherd boy's relaxed mood because the rain stopped;
No, writing about the beginning of a shower, the sound, and the rain stopping at the end of the echo reflects the artistic ingenuity of the author's layout. If the fifth and sixth sentences are put at the beginning, the shepherd boy will become the focus of description, diluting the artistic effect.
All right. The first is to write about the carefree situation of the shepherd boy, to set off the tense scene of the first shower, to provide readers with a reading perspective and enhance the immersive artistic effect. In the present order, it is slightly abrupt in expression.
Analyze the first question and examine the refined characters. The second question examines the appreciation of a sentence. The third sentence examines the layout of the article.
The college entrance examination center appreciates the image, language and expression skills of literary works, and evaluates the ideological content of the article and the author's views and attitudes.
Eight. (Liaoning) Reading of Ancient Poetry (1 1)
Read the following song and complete questions 8 ~ 9.
The title of the book is Fangzheng Huajiawu ① (1) Huang Tingjian.
Hui Chong (2) misty rain is coming, sitting in my Xiaoxiang Dongting (3).
I want to call the boat home, so my old friend said it was Dan Qing.
[Note] ① Founder: The collector of the painting, whose life experience is unknown. Photo album: Paged album. ② Hui Chong: a monk and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Good at painting wild goose, goose, crane and water town scenery. ③ Xiaoxiang: refers to Xiangjiang River, which flows into Dongting Lake.
Please appreciate this poem from the perspectives of painting, real scene and the relationship between them. (6 points)
The author of the answer looks at a painting by Hui Chong. In the picture, misty rain enveloped the lake and wild geese passed in the sky. Furthermore, the author seems to be in a real lake from the painting, looking at the geese and wanting to call a boat home; Suddenly, my friend's voice rang in my ear: this is a painting. So the author found that he regarded the painting as a real scene. The author leads the real scene from the picture, and then returns to the painting scene from the real scene.
Give 2 points for analyzing and answering pictures; Answer the fictional real scene and give 2 points; Give 2 points for the answer that leads to the imaginary real scene from the picture and then returns to the picture. As long as it has the right meaning.
9. In ancient times, some people criticized this poem, saying that it was "too much" and so exaggerated that the author couldn't remember that it was just a painting in front of him. Do you think this criticism is appropriate? Please briefly explain the reasons. (5 points)
The answer is not appropriate. On the surface, this poem is really unreasonable, but in fact, it is very mysterious and vividly shows the poet's unique feeling about China, which is an illusion generated by enjoying the scenery in the painting, thus appreciating the high fidelity of the painting. Critics really failed to understand this interest in poetry.
If the surface of the answer poem is unreasonable, it is actually very high, giving 2 points; If it can be explained simply, give 3 points. As long as it has the right meaning.
If you think the above statement is appropriate, you can give points as long as it is reasonable.
Read the following poem and answer the questions as required. (8 points)
Qingming Festival
In the festive season, peaches and plums laugh, and Noda is sad and worried.
Thunder stung dragons and snakes, and the original vegetation in the suburbs was soft after the rain.
People beg to sacrifice my arrogant concubine, but people are willing to burn to death.
A clever fool has known who it is for thousands of years, and his eyes are full of chrysanthemum.
Note (1) This poem was written during the poet's relegation to Yizhou. ② Scholar: refers to Jie Zhitui, a native of A Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. He died in Jin Wengong for nineteen years. After his success, he refused to be an official and was burned to death in seclusion in Jinshan.
(1) What are the characteristics of lyrical writing of this poem? (4 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The answer uses anthropomorphic and comparative shame techniques to describe two different scenes in the Qingming period, and uses music scenes to write mourning, which sets off mourning.
(2) What kind of ideological background does the phrase "people beg to sacrifice concubines" reflect the author? (4 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
This answer shows the poet's indignation at this world where good and evil are mixed and right and wrong are indistinguishable. It shows the poet's helplessness. -Elite education.