Guan Shanyue
For fifteen years under He Rong's imperial edict, the general came to the border without fighting.
The wealthy clan sings and dances, the stable horses are fat and dead, their bows are broken.
The fierce fighting in the garrison urged Luo Yue. I joined the army at the age of 30 and now my hair is white.
Who knows the heart of a strong man in the flute, and the sky above the sand shows the human bones.
Gangge has been heard in the Central Plains since ancient times. How can there be any descendants who go against Hu?
The survivors endured death in hope of recovery, and several tears were shed tonight!
① Guan Shanyue: an old title of Han Dynasty Yuefu, which belongs to the horizontal wind tune.
②Herong sentence: In the second year of Longxing of Emperor Xiaozong (1164), he issued an edict to negotiate peace with the Jin people for the second time. By the time Fang Weng wrote this poem in the fourth year of Chunxi (1177), fourteen years had passed. The fifteen years mentioned here are just an approximate number.
③The wealthy family has deep doors.
④Stable (jiu): stable.
⑤Garrison: A building for guarding the border. Diao Dou: A utensil used by the army to cook pots during the day and replace drums at night.
⑥Remnants: People in occupied areas.
Shu Anger
At an early age, I knew that the world was difficult, and the Central Plains looked to the north like a mountain.
The building boat crosses Guazhou in the snowy night, and the iron horse disperses in the strong autumn wind.
① Lou Chuan Sentence: Refers to the second year of Longxing (1164) when Lu You was 40 years old and was appointed minister in Zhenjiang Futong. At that time, Zhang Jun was supervising the Jianghuai troops and horses as the right prime minister. He passed by Zhenjiang and Lu You paid a visit with his worldly friendship and was well received. Zhang Jun supervised the training of troops and horses, added warships, and strengthened river defense. Louchuan, a large ship with a tall watchtower, was a warship of the Southern Song Dynasty. Guazhou Ferry is on the other side of Zhenjiang.
② Iron Horse Sentence: Refers to Lu You’s experience when he was 48 years old in Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi, in the eighth year of Qiandao (1172). Dashanguan Pass, a place name, was the place where the peace was negotiated during the Jin and Song Dynasties.
It was stormy on November 4th
I lay down in the lonely village without feeling sorry for myself, but still thinking about guarding Luntai for the country.
I lie down at night listening to the wind and rain, and the iron horse glacier falls into my dream.
①Stiff lying: lying down and not moving.
②Luntai: In the Miquan area of ??present-day Xinjiang. In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to the Beiting Protectorate. This generally refers to the frontier.
③Yelan: late at night.
④Iron Horse Glacier: The strong horse galloping on the frozen river refers to the Northern Expedition in the dream.
At dawn on an autumn night, I feel the coolness as I step out of the fence gate
The river east of 30,000 miles flows into the sea, and the 5,000-meter-high mountains reach the sky.
The remaining people shed tears in the dust and looked south to see Wang Shi for another year.
The poem "Shi'er" leads the way
When I die, I know that everything is in vain, but I cannot see the same sadness as Jiuzhou.
Wang Shibei set the Central Plains Day, and he never forgot to tell Nai Weng about family sacrifices.
The main forms of his patriotic poems are as follows:
(1) Expressing one's heart directly
"Shu Anger" "When I was young, I knew that the world was difficult, and the northern part of the Central Plains The wind is like a mountain. The boat is crossing Guazhou in the night, and the iron horse is passing through the Great Wall. The mirror is already faded. p>
Lu You's "loyal heart" never got the chance to serve the country, and he often had to feel depressed and indignant. This is reflected in the poem as pathos resounding in the passionate tone. The ambition of "qi is like a mountain" and the reality of "empty self-promise" formed a strong contrast. The depression, frustration, and sadness in the heart turned into a torrent of river water and poured out, which has a very strong appeal.
(2) Expressing one's ambitions by supporting things
"Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei" "Beside the broken bridge outside the post office, I am lonely and without an owner. It is already dusk and I am sad alone, and the wind and rain are even worse. . No matter how hard you strive for spring, all the flowers will be jealous. They will fall into pieces and become dust, but only the fragrance will remain the same. "Lu You loves plum blossoms because they symbolize integrity. His poem "Falling Plum Blossoms" said: "The snow blows in the wind and becomes more awe-inspiring, and the integrity of the flowers is the strongest. When the time comes, it will drift away, and I will beg for mercy from the East King." When the plum blossoms bloom, they are not afraid of the severe cold, but when they fall, they do not love the spring scenery. Bright, go with an open mind. What struck Lu You's heart was the noble character of plum blossoms. He even fantasized about "where can I turn into a hundred billion, one plum blossom tree and one blooming man" ("Plum Blossom Quatrains"), hoping to be with plum blossoms for life. This poem about plum blossoms actually uses the character of plum blossoms to express one's thoughts and feelings. Feelings about the film. The two sentences "Yiwai" say that the plum blossoms have been displaced and live in a different place; the two sentences "already" say that the plum blossoms have been damaged by wind and rain and encountered the wrong time, highlighting the misfortune that the plum blossoms have encountered. In the next piece, "Yong Mei" went through many hardships and left with a fragrant fragrance. It is not difficult to see the reflection of the author's life experience and personality. In his early years, he was deposed because his patriotic remarks offended Qin Hui, and later he was dismissed because he "strongly persuaded Zhang Jun to use troops." In the peaceful environment of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was always under the taboo of the times, but his patriotic fighting spirit never faded, and even grew stronger as he grew older. This poem was written in his later years, and he expressed his unswerving patriotic stance and political integrity by chanting plum blossoms.
(3) Expressing emotions through scenes
"Moon in the Mountains" "Fifteen years after the edict of peace, the general came to the border without fighting. The rich gates sang and danced, and the horses in the stables were fat and dead. The strings are broken. The battles in the garrison are urging the moon to fall. Who knows the heart of a strong man in the flute? It is said that fighting in the Central Plains is ancient. How can the descendants of the people endure death and hope to recover? There are several tears shed tonight. ""Guanshan Moon" was inspired by the title, describing the situations and mentality of three different people (generals, soldiers, survivors) inside and outside Guanshan (border) under the same moonlight. The first four sentences describe the general: he does not fight when he is on the border, he indulges in his emotions and relaxes his war preparations. The next four sentences describe soldiers: wasted years, broken bones, and unrewarded aspirations.
The last four sentences describe the remnants: longing for recovery, but failed year after year, waiting to death. The moon is the background light source of the whole story. The three kinds of people are all sleepless people under the moon tonight. The pale moonlight reflects their different joys and sorrows. The focus of the poem is to write about the "hate under the moon" intertwined with the "hero's heart" and "the tears of the survivors", while "General Music" reveals from the front that the historical cause of this eternal tragedy is the national policy of "harmony" . The whole poem is painted with a layer of sorrow and anger of the times with a faint moonlight, silently expressing the author's inner condemnation of the "Harmony" national policy and the regret of having no way to serve the country.
(4) Dreams tell the story of one's feelings
"The Storm and Rain on November 4th" "Lying stiffly in the deserted village, I don't feel sorry for myself, but I still think about guarding the Luntai for the country. I lie down at night and listen to the wind. Rain, iron horses and glaciers come to my dreams. "The author was sixty-eight years old when he wrote this poem. Although he is old and frail and living in the countryside, he still looks forward to doing his best for the country. One late night, it was windy and rainy, and the poet seemed to be fighting fiercely on the battlefield in his sleep. The poem profoundly expresses the author's ambition to regain the country and serve the motherland and the unswerving spirit of "not growing old even when old", and fully expresses the poet's lofty patriotism.
In his article "Patriotic Poems", Mr. Zhu Ziqing divided the patriotic poems in Chinese classical poetry into three categories: first, loyalty to a dynasty, that is, loyalty to a surname; second, singing about soldiers who bravely killed the enemy. ;The second is the common hatred towards foreign races. He also pointed out that the third item takes the nation as its standpoint and has a wider scope. He believed that Lu You "Although he was an official, his patriotic fervor was not only for the Zhao family. He served in the army in the northwest, which strengthened his hatred. For the sake of the nation and the country, he always had the ambition to restore the Central Plains." Therefore. , he believed: "Among the poets in the past, perhaps he is the only one worthy of being called a patriotic poet."
Caring for the country, loving the people, and fighting to the death are the greatest characteristics of Lu's poetry and the reason why it can be passed down through the ages. His poetry creation is rooted in real life, and its basic characteristics are realism. At the same time, many poems are permeated with the spirit of romanticism. Lu You has a high level of linguistic attainments and a concise and natural style. On the one hand, due to the solid content and abundant emotions, the poet does not need to focus on the elaboration of words. On the other hand, in order to express the main idea clearly and smoothly, making the work full of appeal, the poet also He attaches great importance to the refinement of language and the pursuit of new ideas, so that it reads warmly and touchingly.
Lu You's poems not only had a profound impact on the poetry world at that time, but also on later generations. Liang Qichao wrote in "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems" that "the poetry world has been popular for thousands of years, and the soul of the soldier has been wiped out. The soul of the country is empty. Nineteen times in the poem, there is military music, and one of the ancient men is Fangweng." He even used Lu You's poems to inspire the nation. Fighting spirit.