Zero Crossing and Ding Yang is the last article in Unit 6 of the ninth grade Chinese textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education. The reading theme of this unit is "integrity", and the reading strategy is to read ancient poems and feel the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
After more than two years' study of ancient poetry, students have been able to use after-class notes and reference books to dredge poetry sentences, but their deep understanding of poetry's emotional context and characters' thoughts needs to be improved, which is also the key to in-depth appreciation of poetry.
1278 After Wen Tianxiang was captured, the poem Crossing Ding Yang was straightforward. While lamenting his personal experience, the author skillfully outlines his unyielding life with artistic methods. Under the background that the fate of the country is in jeopardy, the author makes the personality declaration concrete and vivid with unique images, so he chews and tastes key words in teaching, enters the author's unique emotional world and then enters the author's soul.
design concept
The phrase "the ant hole is broken" comes from Han Feizi Yulao: "The dike of thousands of feet was broken by the ant hole; A room of 100 feet was burned by smoke from a sudden crack. " It means: a small ant nest can make banks burst their banks. Metaphor means that if you don't pay attention to small things, you will have big trouble. "Ant colony breakthrough learning method" is to grasp the key words, words, sentences or paragraphs in the whole reading and learning activities, and then understand the whole article, so as to achieve the effect of grasping the key points, breaking through the difficulties and moving the whole body.
The key of "ant colony breaking dike method" lies in grasping the "breach of dike". Accurately finding the "bank break" can guide students to think behind the text, and produce a sense of * * * and a sound of * * with the author's writing state and mood, thus obtaining the best reading experience.
This design starts with Sigh on the basis that students preview this poem by themselves with reference books and notes. The original meaning of the word "sigh" is the voice of complaint because of difficulties and hardships. I designed two activities around "bitterness": what content in the poem embodies the theme of bitterness? Distinguish the different words used in the first four sentences of the four series and talk about your learning achievements. Guide students to base themselves on the text, go deep behind the text, and grasp the unique and complex emotions of poetry with background information. On the basis of in-depth reading, and then guide students to experience the charm of the word "sigh", Wen Tianxiang did not complain, but firmly issued a life declaration, guiding students to read the last two sentences, from "sigh" to "praise", and complete their understanding and feeling of Wen Tianxiang's life declaration.
target location
1. Read the main idea of this poem through notes and reference books.
2. Through the appreciation of key words, grasp the fluctuation of emotional expression in poetry.
3. Understand the author's lofty spirit by understanding the key sentences. ?
Interpretation of text characteristics
1278, Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in Guangdong. The following year, I wrote this poem when I was in Ding Yang. Later, he was escorted to Cliff Mountain. The rebel Zhang Hongfan was then commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, forcing him to write a letter asking Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others to stick to the cliff. Wen Tianxiang refused to accept this poem and showed his ambition. After reading it, Zhang Hongfan gave up.
The word "bitterness" laid the keynote of Wen Tianxiang's life. The first sentence explains that he was appointed because he studied hard when he was young. Among the ancient literati in China, few were able to win the top prize. "Once" shows that Wen Tianxiang didn't take personal honor seriously, and he brushed it aside. What is even more "difficult" is his struggle experience with Yuan Bing.
Back to history, we know that 1276 Yuan army went south, and Wen Tianxiang was sent to Yuan Ying for negotiations, and was detained. After difficulties and obstacles, Du Hu and others escaped from the magic hand and went south to Fujian by sea, insisting on fighting Yuan with Lu Xiufu and others. 1277, Jiangxi, dispatched troops. Although Wen Tianxiang recovered many counties, it was quickly defeated by the Yuan Army and his wife and children were arrested. Wen Tianxiang retreated to Guangdong and continued to fight against Yuan. Later, because the traitor led the Yuan army to sneak attack, he was captured in February 65438+.
Wen Tianxiang's "efforts" after becoming an official are completely different from those when he was young. How much sadness and helplessness is contained in "fighting"? Whenever I watch "Stars around me" in the dead of night, I feel lonely and can't help crying when I think that the soldiers around me have fallen down one by one. Personal "hard" struggle is just a silhouette of the ups and downs of the country. "Flocculation with the wind", some versions are "Flocculation with the wind", so weak that the fate of the country is involuntary. "There are eggs under the nest", and personal "ups and downs" are insignificant under the background of "broken mountains and rivers".
Necklace "fear beach", the former "fear" is the place name, and the latter "fear" is the mood. This pun embodies the author's extraordinary language expression ability. What's more commendable is that "Things Change" is also a coincidence of place names and artistic conception, which reminds people of Du Fu's "Come back from this mountain, walk through another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" In "the banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army".
"Since ancient times, no one has died in life, so it is the firm choice of virtuous literati in past dynasties to sweep away the lament and helplessness of their previous works and pour out their heroic feelings." It is said that after Wen Tianxiang's death, people found several words on his skirt: Confucius said benevolent, Mencius said righteous. Occasionally, how naive you are! Visible, in the stormy national luck, in the struggle like duckweed, the more Wen Tianxiang struggled, the more determined she was. This is the charm of personality and the glory of culture. "Dan" and "Red" are synonyms, but in this poetic realm, the meanings of "Dan Xin" and "Red Heart" are quite different. "Dan Xin" is a classic discourse, which is associated with "loyalty", and "Dan Xin" and "history" complement each other. It can be said that Wen Tianxiang drew positive energy from the history of past dynasties, and resolutely chose "Dan Xin" in the disillusionment of body and the eternity of spirit. This is a high realm of spiritual culture, and it is also brilliant in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Teaching link
One, a word breakthrough, the nest burst.
1. (blackboard writing: seal script)
Ask the students to find out the corresponding words in the poem "Crossing the Dingding Ocean" according to their own guesses. (clear: sigh)
2. The teacher explained the evolution of the word "sigh".
Seal script?
The word "Fu" is both a sound surface and a shape surface, and it is the abbreviation of "Nan". The original meaning of coinage is the voice of complaining because of difficulties and hardships.
(Note: Starting a class is like a violinist winding a string and a singer tuning it. If the first pitch is accurate, the class will be suddenly enlightened. This design starts with the word "sigh" and uses tension to arouse students' reading expectations. )
Second, read the taste and go to the countryside.
1. "Yi" means suffering. Read the whole poem and tell me which poems reflect the theme of "suffering"
(clear: ① personal study is hard: hard once; (2) The hardships of personal struggle: fighting and being surrounded by stars; The hardship of the country's fate: the mountains and rivers are broken and the clouds are surging; (4) The difficulty of personal escape: the beach is full of fear and the ocean is full of sighs. )
In order to understand the content of the poem more deeply, teachers can ask students to supplement the background of the times and Wen Tianxiang's personal life experience. )
2. The first four sentences of "Guo Yang", the complete works of Mr Wenshan, are as follows:
Once you encounter hardships, the stars are around.
The mountains and rivers are broken, and the life experience is stormy.
Please identify and taste: ① falling-thinning; ② throwing-drifting; ③ shaking-floating.
(Personal opinion: ① surrender after fighting "means" frequent fighting ". Describing his four-year anti-Yuan experience as tragic and powerful, Loneliness reflects the post-war loneliness mentality. "Surrender by war" has existed since ancient times, such as Tang's "My fields and gardens were destroyed by war, and my flesh and blood became the scum of the street". Throwing is powerful, but drifting can't dominate one's own destiny, which shows helplessness and sadness. ③ "Wandering" generally describes things in the wind, while "floating and sinking" describes the dynamics of things in the water, which, together with duckweed in the water, reflects the individual's lonely and helpless state under the background of declining national fortune.
Third, understanding and feeling, * * * feeling in harmony.
1. The word "sigh" has the word "difficult" on the right and the word "mouth" on the left. Read Fear on the Beach and Sigh in the Ocean and talk about the beauty of this sentence in expressing emotions.
(clear: the former "fear" is a place name, and the latter "fear" is a mood. This pun embodies the author's extraordinary language expression ability. What is more commendable is that "Little Ocean Sigh" is also a coincidence of place names and artistic conception. In his later years, Wen Tianxiang was always full of "fear" and "strangeness", so that the place name and his exile were deeply branded. )
(In order to make students understand the poem more deeply, the following Guide to Southern Tour can be added: "The big toast dies lightly; Call the thief dead; On the 20 th, he fought for merits and demerits with your husband and died repeatedly; Go to Jingkou, holding a dagger in case something happens, and almost die; More than ten miles later, the North Ship was found by patrol boats and died in the belly of a fish. True could at the gates, several party lu died; For example, Yangzhou, crossing the Guazhou Yangtze River Bridge, actually caused a sentry; Yangzhou at the gates, can not advance and retreat, almost died; Sit in court, ride a thousand doors, and several thieves die; Zhuang was patrolled and forced to death; Go to Gaoyou at night, get lost and die; The quality is clear, and dozens of loggers ride in the bamboo forest, which can save their lives; In Gaoyou, under the control of the government, several people were arrested and died; Walking in the Chengzi River, entering and leaving the corpses everywhere, the boat whistle first, and dying after several encounters; To Hailing, such as Gaosha, I often fear innocent death; The road is three hundred miles from Hai 'an and Rugao, and it travels with Kou in the north, during which every day can't die; When I arrived in Tongzhou, I refused to accept death; It is helpless to go out with a ship involved in whales, but it is beyond the scope of compensation! " )
2. What would you think if you followed Wen Tianxiang all the way, participated in the Anti-Yuan War, were captured together and passed by Lingdingyang? Use your imagination and write a paragraph about your psychological activities according to the specific situation.
(Note: This link tries to get students into a state of love, and through the association and supplement of psychological activities, the author's feelings and readers' feelings are integrated, which also paves the way for understanding the following Wen Tianxiang's life motto. )
3. Facing the increasingly powerful Yuan Army and the disillusionment of hope, Wen Tianxiang, a scholar in imperial examinations, resolutely issued the strongest voice of personality. Read the neck couplet and the tail couplet, experience the ups and downs and turning points of emotions, and talk about whether the "red heart" of the tail couplet can be changed to "red heart"
(Qing: the last sentence swept away the lament and helplessness of the previous poem, and the heroic feelings poured out. "Dan" is synonymous with "red", but in this poetic context, the meanings of "Dan Xin" and "red heart" are totally different. "Dan Xin" is a classic discourse, which is associated with "loyalty". It not only embodies color, but also contains emotion. "Dan Xin" and "history" are harmonious. It can be said that Wen Tianxiang drew positive energy from the history of past dynasties, and resolutely chose "Dan Xin" in the disillusionment of body and the eternity of spirit. )
Teachers can supplement Wen Tianxiang's poem Song of Benevolence and Righteousness during his imprisonment, and what people found on his skirt after his death: Confucius said benevolence and righteousness, while Mencius said benevolence and righteousness. Occasionally, how naive you are! )
Fourth, chanting and thinking, reflection and sublimation.
1. Reading teaching
Key points: grasp the keywords such as "up", "down", "gone with the wind", "hit", "sigh" and "photo" and read out the emotional fluctuations. )
Enlarge sublimation
Righteousness is more important than life. When righteousness and life cannot be balanced, we should give up our lives for righteousness. This is Mencius' proposition. Wen Tianxiang practiced and wrote, "Who has never died since ancient times, and the heart of keeping Dan is a history book"; Yu Qian of the Ming Dynasty also practiced it, writing that "broken bones are not afraid, and innocence remains in the world"; Tan sitong of the Qing Dynasty put himself into practice and wrote, "I smile at the sky from the horizontal knife, and I stay in Kunlun Mountain"; In modern times, Lu Xun practiced and wrote: "I send a message to Han Xing, and I recommend Xuanyuan with blood." The sages of past dynasties made the right choice in the face of the great righteousness, and I believe you will!
Reflection after teaching
The design of this lesson revolves around the word "sigh". According to the meaning of the word "sigh", break through point by point and deepen layer by layer. First of all, the content of the poem is expounded around the meaning of "bitterness". Then according to the taste of words used in different versions of the poem, it understands the emotion of the poem. Through repeated recitation, taste and exploration, on the basis of accurate understanding of the text, go deep behind the poem and cultivate. On the basis of reading the text, try to grasp the line of "emotion" and let students gradually enter the author's emotional world through supplement and association. Around the word "Dan Xin" at the end of the couplet, we hammered and knocked, and the students read the lofty spirit in their taste exploration.
comment
Many teachers want students to master classical ancient poems quickly and deeply in class, but the effect is often unsatisfactory. A large part of the reason is that the teacher did not find a good grasp in the classroom, or did not fully extend extracurricular activities based on the text. This design provides us with a good model in this respect.
The teacher of this class began with the word "sigh" and summarized many links in the class. It can be said that the outline is clear. Use the word "sigh" to attract students and stimulate interest; Using the phonological structure of the word "sigh", it skillfully connects with the content of poetry, effectively summarizes the poet's hard narrative and description part with "sigh", and skillfully leads out the exclamation and lyric part with "mouth", which is even more ingenious.
The design of this class is full of China flavor. A strong cultural atmosphere swims in every link of the classroom, allowing students to immerse themselves in the classical literary atmosphere from beginning to end. The ingenious combination of the word "sigh" in the whole class, the appropriate reference to Wen Tianxiang's personal life experience and hard work, the students' repeated reading of poems and famous sentences under the guidance of teachers, the introduction of Song Zhengqi's famous sentences, and the tailoring and application of some contents in Wen Tianxiang's "South Recording Guide" all make the classroom design not only deepen students' profound understanding of poetry, but also full of strong literary atmosphere. Especially at the end of the class, many stories and famous sentences of ancient celebrities and sages were expanded, which made the class rise to a higher level. (Commentator: Wen Debin)