Academic goal
1. Carry out the spirit of the new curriculum standard, practice the people-oriented teaching concept, respect students' individual differences, cultivate students' idea of active exploration and improve their innovative ability.
2. Let students know the basic requirements of imitating sentences, master the basic skills of imitating sentences, improve students' thinking and expression ability, and lay the foundation for further reviewing the imitation sentences in the 2004 college entrance examination.
3. Adhere to the teaching principle of combining teachers' guidance with students' training, interact with teachers and students, actively explore and construct new teaching methods, and create a rigorous and active classroom atmosphere.
Teaching difficulties
Sentence imitation is an effective way to test students' language expression ability, but the improvement of language expression ability is not a day's work, and the task of sentence imitation training can not be completed in one class. It needs not only skill training, but also the improvement of students' comprehensive Chinese ability such as knowledge accumulation, language sense training and thinking training. Therefore, how to make each student improve the level of imitating sentences within 45 minutes has become one of the difficulties in this class. In addition, this is a capacity training course. While explaining the basic norms of parody sentences to students, we should also have some time to practice parody sentences. How to deal with the two and how to grasp the classroom atmosphere will become the second difficulty in this class.
Teaching assumption
The content of this lesson consists of two parts, one is the analysis and guidance of the basic requirements of sentence imitation, and the other is the training of students' sentence imitation in class. Therefore, this course adopts the basic idea from theory to practice, improves theoretical understanding in practice, adheres to student-oriented, and strives to make students actively develop their thinking and carry forward the spirit of innovation and exploration; As the organizer and guide of classroom teaching, teachers lead and guide students to master the method of sentence imitation, and make this method become a language ability of students through training. As for the specific teaching methods, I plan to adopt the self-inquiry learning method of "Students' Self-inquiry Learning Research Project", which I started to study, and follow the process of exploration and mastery. The basic purpose of this course is to create a good teaching atmosphere, stimulate students' enthusiasm for sentence imitation training, and enable students to master methods and improve their ability in autonomous inquiry learning.
Teaching time
1 class hour
teaching process
First, introduce the topic.
Ask the following question to test everyone and see which student can answer it first: what is the content of the 25 th question of Chinese in the 2003 college entrance examination? What's its score?
Answer the imitation sentence 6 points.
Second, imitation guidance.
1, sentence imitation analysis in recent 5 years
Give you five minutes to recall the general contents of the imitation questions in the college entrance examination in the last five years, and please talk about the similarities and differences between the questions in these five years.
Follow the example and rewrite the following two tips to make them friendly, vivid and original. (6 points)
Tip: No climbing flowers or littering (in the park).
Rewritten as: bring nothing but memories and leave nothing but footprints.
(1) Tip: Don't make noise or fight (in the teaching building).
(2) Tip: Newspapers are not allowed to be taken out (in the reading room), and offenders will be fined.
Write another set of sentences according to the following figurative form. Need to choose a new ontology and a carrier with complete meaning. (Do not require the same number of words as the original sentence) (6 points)
The sea is the dictionary of water;
Spray is a radical,
The sound of waves is a series of sounds,
Fish, shrimp and seagulls are the characteristics of the sea.
Requirements: There are three metaphors in the first sentence, four of which constitute a complete meaning, and the four metaphors are reasonable and appropriate.
Fill in the underlined part with appropriate words, so that the content before and after the semicolon corresponds to the sentence pattern, and the rhetorical method is the same. (6 points)
Pessimists say that hope is the horizon, even if it is visible, it will never be reached;
Optimists say that hope is …
Optimists say that the wind is the companion of sails, which can send you to the other side of victory;
Pessimists say the wind is.
The following two sentences are written as hypocrisy. The first sentence is direct and concise; After constant analogy, vivid. Please choose a word among friendship, courage and trust and write two sentences in imitation. (4 points)
Hypocrisy and fraud produce evil. ([America] Edison)
Aphids eat grass, rust eats iron, and hypocrisy eats soul. ([Russia] Chekhov)
Fill in the appropriate sentences in the horizontal line below to form a compound sentence that echoes back and forth. (5 points)
The people and the country celebrated her 50th birthday. Fifty years is like a long river, with rapids and slow flows; Fifty years is like a painting, with cool colors and warm colors; __________,__________; Fifty years is like an epic, with pain and joy. The long river flows forever, the picture scroll has just begun, _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the epic is still being written. Our country is stepping into a new era with firm steps!
Spot-check five students and tell the general content of the simulation questions of the college entrance examination in the past five years. Please tell 34 students what are the similarities and differences.
Similarities: each topic has clear sentence patterns and rhetorical requirements; Written statements should be highly concise; Language should have a certain aesthetic feeling. Clear requirements, concise sentences and beautiful language constitute the basic requirements for imitating sentences.
Difference: the specific content is different, the sentence pattern is different, and the score is different. This tells us that sentence parody is constantly changing, and only by grasping its basic laws can we change with constancy and win the college entrance examination.
2. Highlights of four aspects of college entrance examination questions in recent years.
One is life.
The three tips in the topic are all in life and are familiar to the majority of candidates. This kind of topic has a strong sense of life and realism, which helps candidates to mobilize their own life accumulation and write better sentences.
The second is environmental protection.
Three tips are the living environment of candidates. They advocate not only the cleanliness and beauty of the environment, but also the harmony between people and the environment.
The third is humanities.
In the process of doing this problem, imperceptibly infecting and edifying candidates is conducive to cultivating their moral cultivation and humanistic feelings.
The fourth is comprehensiveness.
This topic requires not only the thinking of the examinee's image, but also a certain ability of association and imagination, especially the ability of language application, including rhetoric, language coherence and appropriateness. So it is both thinking and language, and it is an organic combination of thinking and language. It is not only an examination of candidates' language expression ability, but also a fresh examination of candidates' thinking ability. It is a good question focusing on the overall improvement of Chinese quality.
3. Five points to pay attention to when answering simulation questions.
(1). Imitation generally requires focusing on a central topic. There are two kinds of parody topics: designated topics and implied topics.
(2) The content is restrictive. Although the content of imitation questions has a certain space for free thinking, so that candidates can give full play to their talents, the materials provided by carefully pondering the questions are still limited. One is the limitation of choosing objects, the other is the limitation of explaining intentions, and the third is the limitation of expression.
(3) The limitations of rhetoric. The topic of writing prevention has rhetorical requirements, some of which are clearly pointed out in the test questions, while others are implied in the reference sentences. Looking at the parody questions in college entrance examination papers and simulated papers in recent years, we can find that there are five rhetorical methods with high frequency: metaphor, parallelism, duality, analogy and contrast, but no matter which rhetorical method is adopted, it must follow the requirements of its language characteristics and expression function.
(4) The sentence patterns are similar. The syntactic requirements of parody are implied in reference sentences, which requires us to carefully analyze the characteristics of reference sentences, including sentence characteristics, structural characteristics, especially the relationship between clauses, before parody.
(5) the logic of things. Imitation sentences must follow the logic of life, otherwise, even if you can draw a gourd ladle and intend to write a similar sentence, it can't stand scrutiny logically. This kind of problem has appeared frequently in college entrance examinations over the years.
4. Distinguish the answers to the following spoof tests.
The following groups are answered by candidates. Please analyze which groups are better and which ones are better. Which groups are not good? Tell me why.
I brought only sincerity, leaving only the silence in the teaching building.
The library took nothing but the truth and left nothing but the back.
Only silence is brought in the teaching building, and only politeness is left.
In the library, nothing was taken away except thoughts, and nothing was left except reading morality.
There is nothing left in the teaching building except hard work.
The library took nothing but knowledge and left nothing but wealth.
No one in the teaching building speaks, and no one treats you as a mute.
Noisy will be fined, and slapstick will enter the political and religious circles.
Say nothing but breathe and do nothing but do your homework.
Either leave the newspaper or leave the wallet.
Only sparrows like chirping, and only monkeys like fighting crazily. Do you want to be a sparrow and a monkey?
When you steal a newspaper, don't forget to have a pair of eyes staring at you and a hand with a fine on it reaching out to you.
5. Methods to solve sentence imitation problems
The topic of parody sentence is the category of language application. Is there no trick except the necessary accumulation of Chinese knowledge and language application ability? Of course not. According to my thinking, after students get a copy of the exam questions, they can start from the following three aspects.
(1) The requirements of the analysis questions are the five points just mentioned. See clearly the central meaning, rhetorical features and sentence requirements provided by the topic, and carefully analyze and study it.
(2) Expand rich imagination and association, expand the wings of imagination from the perspectives of society, life and nature according to the content specified in the title, and choose the foothold of rhetoric techniques such as metaphor, personification, metonymy and parallelism.
(3) Distinguish the characteristics of sentence patterns and write according to the prescribed sentence patterns.
Third, imitate writing training.
1 and 2 questions are first practiced on draft paper, and then students are not required to write them on the blackboard, and then collectively evaluated; The third question, please write directly in front of the blackboard by three students, and then ask the students in this group to comment.
1, please follow the idea of the following sentence, choose something else, and write a sentence in imitation.
Bamboo, every step, make a summary.
2. Write a sentence according to the following sentence pattern (I am not, I am not).
I am not a mighty lion, nor a fragile lamb, but a cow on the vast grassland.
3. According to the first sentence, continue to write the second poem.
I am proud, I come from China.
Loess Plateau,
It is my chest that stands up; ;
The Yellow River is flowing,
This is my boiling blood. .
Reference example
The waves, every time they rush, will change their dancing posture.
Sunflower, every time it bears fruit, it blooms a smiling face.
Pebbles, every time you roll, have a rest.
The moon, every round, will leave thoughts.
Flowers, every time they bloom, leave a spring.
I am not a priceless gem, nor am I a scrap iron with nothing, but a piece of steel in a burning furnace.
I am not a huge stone standing tall in the mountains, nor a colorful stone, but a stone on the broad road.
I am not a vast ocean, nor a low-lying ditch, but a drop of water in the vast ocean.
I am not an eagle soaring in the sky, nor a fragile lamb, but a bird flying freely in the sky.
Wan Li Great Wall,
Is my unyielding backbone;
Mount Tai,
It's my tall head.
Fourth, class summary.
With the joint efforts of our classmates, we successfully completed the task and achieved remarkable results. First of all, we have made clear the position of the simulation questions in the Chinese examination paper of the college entrance examination. Secondly, we have basically mastered the answering skills of simulation questions. Third, give full play to association and imagination, and give play to the initiative and exploration spirit of learning. Some students are very active in class, their thinking is quite agile, their answering speed is very fast and their accuracy is very high, which is particularly worthy of recognition. Imitating sentences is an examination topic of Chinese comprehensive ability. Winning the college entrance examination requires students to work harder.