"A good beginning is half the battle." Poetry is a highly concentrated reflection of social life, full of the author's rich thoughts and feelings, imaginative, concise and vivid, with a sense of rhythm and rhythm, and has a strong appeal through the introduction of poetry. In the class of "New Democratic Revolution", I used multimedia to show the northern scenery of "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan", which was frozen thousands of miles away and snowed in Wan Li. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, I only feel embarrassed; When the river rises and falls, it loses momentum. The mountains are like dancing silver snakes, and the highlands are like advancing wax elephants, all trying to match the sky in height. It must be sunny, wrapped in red makeup, especially enchanting. This land is so beautiful that countless heroes bow to their knees. Cherish Qin Huang Hanwu, slightly lost literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish. Genghis Khan, the hero of the throne, only knows how to draw a bow and shoot arrows. These characters are gone, a few heroes who can make contributions, look at today's people. And ask who is the author of the text? After the students answered, I guided: Mao Zedong's poem is a magnificent China revolutionary epic, from a teenager's "pointing out the mountains and rivers, never returning if you don't learn to become famous" to a young man's "pointing out the mountains and rivers, inspiring writing, and waiting for thousands of people in the past", from lofty aspirations to "asking who is in charge of ups and downs in the boundless earth" to "counting romantic figures and looking at the present"
2. Understand history with the help of poetry.
The emergence of poetry is intrinsically linked to social life. A large number of realistic poems provide circumstantial evidence for the study of history and are often called "living history". For example, in the ancient agriculture in China, we can introduce two poems of compassion for agriculture, which read: "Weeding at noon, sweat dripping into the soil. Who knows that the Chinese food on the plate is hard. " (2) "If you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10,000 seeds in autumn. There are no idle fields in the four seas, and farmers still starve to death. " Let the students understand that among the agricultural population in the traditional feudal society of China, the landlord class and the peasant class are two basic classes. Farmers are landless, exploited and oppressed. Even in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, farmers still died of hunger. China Ancient Commercial Economy can be quoted from Yuan Zhen's Guessing the Guest. Go out and find a partner, and leave my father and brother at home. ..... Seek pearls to drive the sea, gather jade to go to Jingheng. Buy Xixia horses in the north and catch Tibetan parrots in the west. Yanzhou cloth fire Huan, Shu brocade weaving. The fatter and smoother the maid is, the brighter her eyebrows are. Calculate the cost of food and clothes, regardless of distance. After traveling around the world, I went to Chang 'an. And ask: which poems in this poem show the frequent and ubiquitous business trips of businessmen in the Tang Dynasty? What are the characteristics of businessmen? In this way, students can understand the general situation of commercial development in Tang Dynasty by reading poems.
3. Active classroom atmosphere, strengthen the study of historical knowledge.
The language of high school history textbooks is not vivid enough and theoretical, so it is difficult to arouse students' interest. The introduction of poetry teaching can enhance the aesthetic feeling of history class. When teaching the people's struggle against the cutting platform in Taiwan Province Province, we can use Autumn's "Spring Sorrow". "Spring sorrow is hard to send to see the mountains, and the past is thrilling and tearful. 40 million people cried at the same time, and today Taiwan Province Province was cut last year. " Express the grief and indignation of the people of Taiwan Province Province after learning that Taiwan Province Province was ceded.
When teaching the Long March of the Red Army in class, we can use Mao Zedong's poem "Seven Laws Long March" to render the classroom atmosphere. Let the students read the Seven Laws and the Long March in chorus. "The Red Army is not afraid of the expedition, and Qianshan is just idle. The five ridges have winding waves, the wumeng clay ball is majestic, the Jinsha water cloud cliff is warm, and the iron fence of Dadu Bridge is cold. I prefer the snow in the mountains. After the three armies, I want a full face. " Then ask: "What difficulties and obstacles did the Red Army experience in the Long March? How can the Red Army overcome such difficulties and obstacles? What kind of Long March spirit does this poem embody? What is the historical significance of the victory of the Long March? " Thereby pushing the classroom atmosphere to a climax. In the new progress of cross-strait relations of "one country, two systems" and its great practice, I let students watch videos and read Homesickness by Yu Guangzhong: when I was a child/Homesickness was a small stamp/I was here/my mother was there/when I grew up/Homesickness was a narrow boat ticket/I was here/my bride was there/later/Homesickness was a short grave/I was outside/. Through reading aloud, the students realized the author's strong homesickness. "Now/homesickness is a shallow strait/I am here/the mainland is there." Like a hundred rivers rushing to the East China Sea, like a thousand peaks rushing to Mount Tai, the poet's personal joys and sorrows are blended with his great love for the motherland and the nation. Teaching practice has proved that the introduction of poetry into history class and the combination of literature and history can not only increase the aesthetic feeling of history class, but also activate the classroom atmosphere, fully mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning history and strengthen the study of historical knowledge.
4. Help students to deepen their understanding and mastery of teaching materials.
In the lesson "The Times Characteristics of China Classical Literature", I talked about the respective poetic characteristics of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. In order to help students deeply understand the characteristics of his poems, we can project Li Bai's Into the Wine, Du Fu's Shi Quguan and Bai Juyi's New Yuefu. Red carpet ",and then let the students read and compare, and find out the artistic characteristics of the poems of three poets: Li Bai's romantic poets are characterized by great momentum, unrestrained passion, rich imagination and far-reaching artistic conception; Du Fu, a realistic poet, is characterized by deep melancholy, worrying about the country and the people, and profound language. Bai Juyi is a realistic poet. His poems reflect reality and are easy to understand. Two schools of song ci--bold and graceful. Su Shi is the founder and main representative of the bold school, and Li Qingzhao is the main representative of the graceful school. Students may not quite understand the difference between bold and graceful school in word style. In order to help students understand this problem, the author projected Su Shi's When is the Bright Moon and Li Qingzhao's Slow Sound, and then asked students to read these two words to find out their differences in style. Students can quickly get the answer by comparison: Su Shi's When is the Bright Moon? It is unrestrained, while Li Qingzhao's "slow voice" is euphemistic and implicit. In this way, students not only understand the difference between bold and graceful, but also experience their differences emotionally.
If we talk about the imperial examination system, we can introduce a poem: "Emperor Taizong really has a long-term strategy, and the heroes he earned are all earned for nothing!" "Fifty little scholars and thirty old Ming Classics." "The spring breeze is proud of horseshoes, and you can see Chang 'an flowers in one day. "Sheenta is the youngest of the seventeen." "Ten years of cold window, neglected, famous all over the world. "Let students understand the influence of the imperial examination system.
5. Help students to establish correct emotional attitudes and values.
The new curriculum advocates mastering historical knowledge through learning, "cultivating healthy emotions and noble sentiments, carrying forward the national spirit, further improving humanistic quality, and forming a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values".
From Qu Yuan's concern for national injury, he said, "I take a long breath to hide my tears and lament the hardships of people's lives"; To the patriotic poet Lu You, "When you die, you know everything is empty, and you see Kyushu's sorrow." Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family did not forget to tell Nai Weng about it. " ; Then to Fan Zhongyan's "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"; Zhang Zai's "The country and the world are based on the heart, for the people, for the future, and for Yong 'an"; Gu's "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world"; Lin Zexu's "strength is weak for a long time, and then it will be exhausted." "I am willing to live and die together, and I dare to avoid it because of disaster." Patriotism, these are the portrayal of the noble personality of ancient intellectuals in China. Introducing these poems into the classroom can exert a subtle influence on the formation of students' sound character and the establishment of correct outlook on life and values. For example, Mao Zedong's "teenagers are determined to go to the countryside, and they will never return until they become famous. Why bury their bones in mulberry fields? Where is Qingshan not buried? " Expressed the love of a child who is determined to study and serve the country, the spirit of "10,000 years is too long to seize the day" and "it is fun to fight with the sky; Fighting the ground is interesting; It's fun to fight others. " Revolutionary optimism.
6. It is beneficial to improve students' historical thinking ability.
Classical poetry organizes and arranges extremely simple and vivid facts with a very stylized logical structure, expressing the deepest thoughts or the strongest emotions. Introducing classical poetry into teaching is conducive to improving students' historical thinking ability. What is the difference between Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan's study of mind in Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism? I typed two people's poems through the courseware, appreciated the poems and tasted the people.
Material 1 "Half an acre of square pond is open, and there are clouds in the sky * * *; Ask where the canal is so clear because there is a source of living water. " -Zhu
Material 2: "the rise and fall of the tomb of the market, the ancestral hall of Qin, the people of Sri Lanka have never worn their hearts." Drop by drop into Cangshan water, and blunt stone into Taihua Cen "-Lu Jiuyuan"
Material 3: Zhu: When the enemy plane comes, he will teach his disciples to climb the bookshelf and check the model, performance and air defense method of the plane. Lu Jiuyuan: Disciples should be allowed to sit quietly with their eyes closed. Mount Tai collapsed in front of them without blinking, and was not intimidated by the sound of the machine.
Q: You must be familiar with this poem by Zhu. Now, can we appreciate it again from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism? ② After reading Lu Jiuyuan's poems, can you find out what is "change" and "unchanging"? (3) What is the reasoning method of Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan?
In this way, students can understand that Zhu's way of reasoning is to understand things, and Lu Jiuyuan's way of reasoning is to "invent the original heart", that is, to pay attention to the inner experience and reflection. Lu Jiuyuan not only eulogized "heart" in his poems, but also took "heart" as the basis in his studies and asked "heart" in his reasoning. His understanding of the whole world is also a sentence "mind is reason", "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe". Successfully solved the problem of this class.
In order to achieve the best effect in the application of quoted poems, the introduction of poems should take into account the level of middle school students, students' current knowledge accumulation and ability structure, pay attention to the accuracy and conciseness of quoted poems, but avoid taking them out of context. Classical poetry introduced into teaching must have high ideological content, which can expose the debauchery of the ruling class and the darkness of society, attack the evils and unfairness of society, and praise the revolutionary spirit and heroic deeds, thus helping students form correct emotional attitudes and values.