Common artistic techniques include narration, description, lyricism, discussion, explanation, dialogue, metaphor, exaggeration, symbol, deformation, contrast, rendering, contrast, bedding, suggestion, pun, personification and parallelism.
There is a close dialectical relationship between artistic techniques and content, and there are also many dialectical relationships between artistic techniques, whose function is to make the content of artistic works fully and perfectly expressed. With the development of artistic creation, artistic techniques are constantly enriched and updated. The application of artistic techniques must obey the expression of specific artistic content and adapt to the aesthetic ability of the appreciator. The proper use of artistic techniques can enhance the artistic expression and artistic appeal of artistic works. In artistic creation, various artistic techniques are generally used interactively and are restricted by schools, that is, different schools emphasize artistic techniques. Whether the artistic techniques are used properly, skillfully, harmoniously and skillfully is one of the important signs to measure the artistic level of a work. Artistic techniques have a historical heritage, and different nationalities can also learn from each other.
The application of artistic techniques in poetry can be divided into the following three forms: expression, rhetoric and expression.
Expression:
There are five main ways to express poetry: narration, description, discussion, lyricism and explanation, among which description and lyricism are the key points. Description methods are different from portrait description (appearance description, expression description), language description, behavior description, psychological description and detail description. There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Indirect lyricism includes borrowing scenery to express feelings, embedding feelings in scenery, blending scenes, creating feelings with scenes, expressing feelings with scenes, expressing feelings and expressing aspirations with objects.
Rhetorical devices:
Metaphor can be divided into simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor (also known as compound metaphor), antonym (also known as inverse metaphor), anti-metaphor, mutual metaphor (also known as metonymy), metaphor (also known as strong metaphor), metaphor, embellishment metaphor and quotation metaphor; Metonymy, personification, antithesis, exaggeration, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, foil, repetition, irony, intertextuality, overlap, polite refusal, avoidance of repetition, adaptation, layering, filling (also called contrast), warning, presentation, pun, repetition, overlap, quotation, turn text and repetition (sentence by sentence). Metaphor, personification, antithesis, contrast and contrast are commonly used in poetry appreciation.
Rhetoric and expression are two noun terms often mentioned in junior middle school Chinese: they are very different. Rhetoric is to modify words and phrases and use various methods to make the language express accurately, vividly and forcefully, and the emotion is sincere, strong and fascinating. The common rhetorical methods in junior middle school texts are metaphor, personification, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, rhetorical questions, comparison, metonymy, repetition and irony. Expression is also called expression method, and its connotation includes five aspects: narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism.
Poetic expression:
Fu, comparison, interest, rendering, contrast, contrast (positive contrast), combination of reality and falsehood (virtual reality \ virtual reality), combination of static and dynamic (static to move \ static to move \ static to sound \ static to sound), positive side, want to suppress (want to suppress first &; Restrain first and then promote), point surface (point instead of surface \ point surface combination), symbol, association, imagination, quotation (using allusion \ to apply), line drawing, blank space, pun, etc.
Brief introduction of main expression techniques:
Fu: Put out the narrative.
Compare: borrow one thing to refer to another.
Xing: Let's start with Xing. Let's talk about something else first. What caused the singing? Draw the description of the central thing to be described by other things.
Contrast: this is a technique in Chinese painting, which uses ink or color to render and set off the outline of an object, making the object stand out obviously. Used in poetry creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that what is needed is obviously prominent. It can be the contrast between people. For example, in Qin Luofu, the amazing beauty of Qin Luofu is set off by the reaction of the "walkers" and "teenagers", or it can be the contrast between things, such as "cicadas make the forest quieter, the palace mountain more secluded", "monks knock on the door of the moon" and "a bird scares the mountain in the middle of the month". More things are compared with people, such as writing the moon in the river three times in Pipa, which compares the beautiful and charming timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively.
Association and imagination: mostly adopted by romantic poets. For example, Li Bai often integrates reality with dreams, fairyland, nature with human society. His "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is full of poems that let go of thoughts, and the poet's imagination is like a wild imagination. The dreamland and fairyland depicted by him are the bright and beautiful ideal world he yearns for. "Young people don't know the moon, crying white." "I was worried about the bright moon and followed you to the west at night." "I sang. The moon encourages me and I dance around. " All these are ingenious brushstrokes, combining whimsy with natural truth.
Citation: that is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works. For example, Xin Qiji successfully used five allusions such as Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song and Liu Yilong. Yong Yule ● Gubeiting in Jingkou remembers the past. With the help of these historical facts, the poet expressed his thoughts and feelings implicitly, naturally and fully.
Symbol: this is a rhetorical device that compares one thing with another that is essentially different. Used in poetry is also called Bi Xing. This technique is often used in poetry to achieve the artistic effect of vivid image and turning reality into emptiness. For example, Zhu Qingyu's "To Secretary Zhang on the Eve of the Examination" in the Tang Dynasty skillfully used the bride's nervous and hopeful psychology before meeting her in-laws, and wrote her nervous and eager to be appreciated before the exam. He Zhangzhi's "Singing Willow": "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of green silk tapestries hang down." I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors. "When new leaves sprouted in the spring, the poet suddenly had a whim in a surprise. It was Miss Chun who fiddled with spiritual scissors with her dexterous hands and cut out thin leaves! Metaphor makes description virtual, image more dynamic and emotion more intense. If this concrete image runs through the whole story, it is a symbol. For example, Li Bai often places his ideals and symbolizes his talents with magnificent and extraordinary things, such as Dapeng, Tianma, Xiong Jian and mountains and rivers. I like to choose the bright moon, phoenix, pine and cypress, beauty and other noble and beautiful things. Symbolizes good character and integrity; He often chooses the events of people who were destroyed and imprisoned to compare his experience and situation.