Li zehou
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the changes in social ideology and cultural psychology were manifested in the collapse of Confucian classics in the dominant Han Dynasty. Instead, it is the world outlook and outlook on life of the gentry, gentry and landlord class. Its basic feature is human awakening.
Nineteen Ancient Poems and Su Li's poems, which are very similar in style, express their feelings and deep regrets in lamenting the daily personnel: "If you are born less than a hundred years, you will always be worried about being a thousand years old" and "If you are suddenly elected, how can you live a long life?" Zhong Rong promoted him to "Wen Wen Yi Li", which means sad but far away. They are mixed with friendship, parting, lovesickness, homesickness, service, fate, encouragement, desire and encouragement, which makes them more depressed and sad. This kind of regret, from Jian 'an to Jin and Song Dynasties, from the middle and lower classes to the royal family, spread in quite a period of time and space and became the typical tone of the whole era.
Life is impermanent, and life is easy to get old, which is a universal proposition throughout the ages. The reason why this proposition has such touching aesthetic charm in Wei and Jin poetry is inseparable from the specific content of the times. Since the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, the whole society has become increasingly turbulent, followed by war, plague, death, and even a large number of upper-class aristocrats are inevitable. Thus, how to fully grasp this short and miserable life consciously and meaningfully appears. It essentially marks a kind of human awakening. It is precisely because of this that those poems that openly preach "enjoying life" also express an uplifting and inspiring mood and emotion: under the "drinking is a song, life geometry", the old horse is "heroic in his twilight years", and the sad life of Jian 'an style is combined with his "generous spirit" of making contributions. "Life and death are great, isn't it painful?" It is "nothing more than new, although the voices are mixed", trying to find comfort in life and philosophical rest in the embrace of nature. It is precisely because of these contents that the so-called "awakening of human nature" has not become decadent and depressed; It is because of someone's awakening that this content has aesthetic depth.
From the emergence of people's awakening consciousness to the pursuit of people's way of existence, it is mediated by the political system and talent selection criteria of the elite. Since Cao Pi established the Zheng Zheng system of Jiupin, people's evaluation no longer stays on the evaluation of morality, integrity, Confucianism and integrity in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but people's talents, temperament, style and style have become the focus. "Lang Lang is like the sun and the moon", "The eyes under the rock flash like electricity" and "Climbing to the top of the mountain is far-reaching" ... all require you to express your superb inner personality with beautiful external characteristics.
It is no accident that "writing the spirit with form" and "vivid charm" were put forward in this period. The so-called "vivid charm" means that painting is required to vividly express people's inner spiritual temperament, style and demeanor, rather than how to extravagantly describe the external environment, events, modeling and posture. This also means "writing God in form". Gu Kaizhi said, "Four-body beauty has nothing to do with beauty, and the vivid portrayal is blocked", that is to say, "vivid" depends on people's eyes, not people's bodies or anything; The eyes are the windows to the soul. This aesthetic taste and standard are consistent with the comments of the above characters, and both reflect the spirit of this era-Wei and Jin demeanor. (Excerpted from Beautiful Journey, with changes)
1. Among the following, the reasons that do not belong to "Wei and Jin demeanor" are ()
A. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, social unrest and wars continued. Confucian classics, which once dominated ideology and cultural psychology, collapsed, and the world outlook and outlook on life of the aristocratic landlord class rose.
B. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, due to social reasons, life was short and full of hardships. But some people don't go with the flow, but try to think about ways to grasp life. This exploration marks an awakening.
C. "Vivid expression" and "describing the spirit with form" require painting to vividly express people's inner spiritual temperament, style and demeanor, and together with the inner personality expressed by "Lang Lang is like the sun and the moon", it reflects the demeanor of Wei and Jin Dynasties.
D. At that time, the evaluation criteria for people changed greatly. The political system of the gentry and the selection criteria of talents, represented by the Jiupin Zhong Zheng system, led to the pursuit of human existence in that era.
2. Among the following understandings, the one that does not conform to the original meaning is ()
A, people's awakening is the basic feature of the new world outlook and outlook on life in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which is highlighted by grasping the shortness and misery of life and living the meaning and splendor of life.
B, it is precisely because the whole society is becoming increasingly turbulent and the sun is waning. At that time, the literati wrote poems such as "Martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years" and "Although many people are unfair, they are only new" to express positive emotions.
C. In Nineteen Ancient Poems, the sigh of impermanence in life was mixed with friendship, parting, fate, encouragement, desire and encouragement, which became the typical tone from Jian 'an to Jin and Song Dynasties.
D. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the evaluation of people changed from paying attention to people's morality, ethics, Confucianism and integrity to paying attention to people's talents, temperament, style and style, and expressing superb internal personality with beautiful external style.
3, according to the original content, the following understanding and analysis is incorrect ()
First, Jian 'an's life sadness and achievements blend. It is precisely because life is short that I want to make achievements. It is precisely because I want to make achievements that I feel that life is short. The two are mutually causal.
B. Zhong Rong commented on Nineteen Ancient Poems and said, "Wen Wen Yi Li's meaning is far-reaching and soul-stirring, which can almost be described as a word of gold". Obviously, he also thinks that Nineteen Ancient Poems often shows the impermanence of life.
C, Gu Kaizhi said "vivid portrayal in a jam", we should show a person's talent, temperament, style, style, etc. From the perspective of eyes, this is similar to the saying that "the eyes are as bright as electricity under the rock".
D. The formation of Wei-Jin demeanor originated from the social changes at that time, which was not only manifested in the pursuit of human existence in character evaluation, but also in the emphasis on human inner spiritual temperament in other fields.
Reference answer:
1、C
2、B
3、B