Section 1 Appreciation of Poetic Images
Images in poetry include images and characters. Images in poetry infuse the poet's thoughts and feelings. Therefore, only by truly understanding the image of poetry can we deeply understand the poet's thoughts and feelings.
First, appreciate the image of poetry
1. Grasp the characteristics of scenery and explore the poet's feelings.
The poet's description of the scenery is the basis of the emotional expression in the last two sentences. The poet's feelings can be detected from the images of the landscape. For example, the first two sentences of Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night are about scenery, and the frost on the ground is a metaphor for moonlight, which truly describes the cold night and bleak night in late autumn. The last two sentences directly express the feeling of missing my hometown.
An autumn night in the mountains (Don Wang Wei)
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
2. Analyze the artistic conception and explore the poet's feelings.
"Meaning" refers to the author's subjective feelings, and "environment" refers to the life picture created by the author, which is mainly based on scenery. "Artistic conception" is an intriguing artistic realm created by combining the author's thoughts, feelings and life scenes.
In the creation of artistic conception, the picture may be magnificent, such as "the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen"; Or quiet, such as "moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream"; Or depressed and lonely, such as "wild trees, clear water and near the moon!" ; Or harmony and tranquility, such as "the sunset lingers at the ferry, and the midnight snack-kitchen smoke floats from the houses"; Or open and desolate, such as "a thousand miles of smoke and dusk, isolated city closed"; Or lofty and vast, such as "sunset lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters * * * sky color".
There are four groups of concepts in common artistic conception expression programs:
Broad-desolate, vigorous, vast, lofty, magnificent and far-reaching.
Exquisite-ethereal, lingering, quiet, beautiful, quiet, euphemistic and hazy.
Complex-colorful, warm, sonorous, prosperous, simple and noisy.
Cold-dim, dim, sparse, depressed, desolate, cold.
"All scenery words are sentimental words". In ancient poems, poets often put their feelings in the scenery they describe, that is, people often say that they are integrated with the scenery and express their feelings through the scenery.
Taicheng (Tang Wei Zhuang)
The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing. Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage.
3. Dig deep meaning through superficial meaning.
Joe Jinmen (Don Feng Yansi)
The spring breeze suddenly started and blew out a pool of clear water. Nothing was done. The believers in the pool folded the apricot flowers and crushed them gently on the path among the flowers.
Leaning on the railing by the pool, watching the fighting ducks, the Hosta on his head hangs obliquely. He missed his sweetheart all day, but he never came back, and suddenly he heard a magpie calling.
Second, appreciate the images in poetry.
A poet expresses his heart or some kind of emotion with the help of something with certain connotation. For example, lyric poetry about things.
1. Characteristics of grasping objects. A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain (Tangwang Bay)
Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water. Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.
2. Grasping the "meeting point" between things and aspirations: excavating the inner character and spirit of things.
Komatsu (Tang Duxun and)
When pine trees were young, they grew in deep, deep grass and could not be seen. Now they are found to be much taller than weeds. Those trees that don't recognize that they can soar into the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is tall.
3. Grasp the special connotation of the image.
In China's ancient poems, poets often express their themes and feelings with some concrete things, which have been endowed with certain connotations in the long historical process. The analysis of ancient poetry can start with the unique connotation of these things. Here is an example.
(1) with the crystallization of ice and snow metaphor loyalty, noble character.
2 homesickness for the moon-causing parting and homesickness.
(3) Fold the willow to bid farewell.
(4) to cicada metaphor noble moral character. The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character.
(5) contrast desolation with the prosperity of vegetation to express ups and downs.
⑥ Chrysanthemum-loyal and noble quality.
⑦ Plum blossom-proud of frost and snow, not afraid of setbacks, pure and white.
⑧ Pine tree-loyal and noble pine tree is a model to fight frost and snow.
⑨ Lotus-Express love because "Lotus" and "Pity" have the same pronunciation.
⑩ Indus-a symbol of desolation and sadness. Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness.
Cuckoo-a symbol of desolation and sadness
12 partridge bird-parting from sorrow
13 Hongyan-homesick wanderers' affection for their loved ones and sadness during their travels.
In poetry, people who express their feelings with scenery often have certain fixity, such as: conveying "homesickness" with "the bright moon of hometown"; Communicate "seclusion" with "pine wind and mountains and moons"; Convey "the poet's sorrow" with "the cold forest and the waning moon"; Communicate "acacia bitterness" with "Mid-Autumn Festival full moon"; Convey "forever in my heart" with "falling flowers in the wind and rain, two swallows flying alone, and a heavy pavilion and jade pillow"; Convey "farewell feelings" with "folding willows in a long pavilion"; Convey "the pain of the poet's journey" with "a boat in the rivers and lakes, tears in the moon"; Convey "sadness and joy" by "waking up from a dream, heartbroken willow, cold rain, setting sun and residual candle crying"; Convey "the sigh of the vicissitudes of life" with "the glory of the past is not in sight, and the sunset glow is a few degrees red"; Convey "lamenting the decline of national conditions and loving national conditions" with "empty city falling flowers"; Wait a minute.
Third, appreciate the characters in poetry.
Hunting (Don)
In the wind, the horn sounded and the general was hunting outside the borehole. The grass is yellow in autumn, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk.
It has passed Xinfeng City in a blink of an eye and soon returned to sunny Liu Ying. Looking back at the eagle wilderness, thousands of twilight clouds spread to the horizon.
Fourth, appreciate the image of the lyric hero in poetry.
The lyric hero in a poem generally refers to "I", that is, the poet himself.
(1) Know the world and pay attention to the background.
Cicada (Tang Yu Shi Nan) hangs down to drink clear dew, and the sound is like sparse tung. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.
Chen Yong (Don Robin Wang)
Cicadas sing in the west, and guests think of the south. I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
It's hard to get in, and his pure voice is drowned in the wind world. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ?
Cicada (Tang Li Shangyin)
The pure heart is hungry because of this, and you sing in vain all night. Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! .
Yes, I am like a driftwood. I have made my garden full of weeds. I thank you for your sincere advice and live a pure life like you.
② Grasp the lyric hero's language expression, movements and psychology.
On the Youzhou Tower (Don Chen Ziang)
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it. Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness.
Section 2 Evaluation of Ideological Content
First of all, start with poetic eyes. The so-called "poetic eye" often refers to the most concise and vivid word in a poem.
Passing Ji Xiang Temple (Tang Wangwei)
I don't know where Ji Xiang Temple is, so I climbed several miles into the clouds and peaks. Ancient trees are towering, but there are no pedestrian paths, and there are bells in the mountains in the temple.
The spring water in the mountains hits the dangerous rocks, and the sun in the pine forest is cold. In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon.
Note: An Chan, a Buddhist term, refers to sitting quietly with eyes closed, without distractions; Dragon: refers to secular desires.
Second, start with allusions.
Ancient poetry is rich in content and concise in words, and many words can be omitted from an allusion. Therefore, understanding allusions is an important way to grasp the thoughts and feelings of ancient poetry.
(A) the types of allusions
1. Quote the previous statement.
(1) Direct quotation: directly quote the poems and sentences of predecessors as the sentences in your own poems. Exodus: There are many ups and downs throughout the ages, endless and endless. (Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia at Jingkou Gu Beiting")-To quote Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain", "The fallen trees are endless, and the Yangtze River is rolling in."
Use: change some sentences of predecessors into your own poems. Exodus: The guest came from Nane and left me a pair of carp. (Du Fu)-To paraphrase the phrase "Guests come from afar and leave me a pair of carp" in Han Yuefu.
2. Quote myths and legends. Jiang Yue sang The Sorrow of Motome, while Ping Li played the piano China. (Li Heyong Yin by Li He)-The legendary goddess of Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Motome.
3. Quote historical stories.
(1) Ming quotation: Example: Duke Zhou is afraid of gossip, but Wang Mang is humble and not usurped. (Bai Juyi's Yan Fang)
2 dark quotation: fame figure Kirin. (Du Fu's frontier fortress)-Emperor Xuanhan painted Huo Guang and other eleven heroes in Qilin Pavilion.
Back quote: The poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. (Jia Sheng of Li Shangyin)
(B) the method of analyzing allusions
1. Understand the purpose of the poet's allusions. What is important to understand allusions is not the content itself, but the poet's purpose of using allusions, because it is closely related to the ideological content expressed in poetry.
2. Understand the poet's allusion intention. The poet's recollection of the past must have realistic reasons or a medium that triggers feelings. In other words, the poet's allusions are aimed at reality. Only by combining reality can we understand the poet's feelings.
Section 3 Appreciation of Language Art
First, appreciation of language art
(A) the style of language
1. Language features of concise and beautiful poetic style: grotesque, charming, flashy, gorgeous and exquisite. Language features of simple poetic style: light and simple, refined and fluent, concise and concise. "Clear water produces hibiscus and natural carving" is the most vivid summary of Li Bai's poetic language.
2. The straightforward and implicit poetic style is more simple and plain than the general simple poetic style. Poets use almost all spoken language in their poems, and some poems are also mixed with slang words and folk songs, so this kind of poetry is also called vernacular poetry (almost limerick). The linguistic features of this poetic style are simplicity, simplicity, simplicity and conciseness.
3. Depressed and heroic Among many poets, there are cynics, those who have no choice but to serve the country, those who have tried and failed repeatedly, those who have been relegated repeatedly, those who plead for the people and lament the people's livelihood. Their poems express their grievances, touch the social reality and reflect the class phenomenon. Representative poets such as Du Fu, Han Yu and Li Shangyin. The linguistic features of this poetic style are: gloomy and desolate, slow in pace, strong in appeal and close to life (mostly idioms and dialogues). For example, in Du Fu's "Car Shop", the sentence "My parents and my wife are going to bid farewell" and "They are running after you, crying, and they are pulling your sleeve" uses common sayings to increase the authenticity of the poem.
The linguistic features of heroic poetic style are mainly embodied in romantic poems (including frontier poems), which are often closely related to the poet's ambition. The reason why poets are full of enthusiasm may be because they live in a prosperous time of political clarity and are influenced by beautiful mountains and rivers (for example, when Li Bai was young, he made a big wish to "strive for his cleverness and help him to make the Atlas area stable and Hai Xian County clear"); Or because of the frustration of official career, depending on the meritorious frontier fortress to find a way out (such as Gao Shi); Or die voluntarily because of national disaster (such as Su Shi). Therefore, the poems they wrote are full of heroic words and show a kind of lofty sentiments.
The language characteristics of this poetic style are vigorous and powerful, vigorous in brushwork, lively in rhythm and high in tone.
(B) the temper of language
The ancients paid attention to refining words and paying attention to the meaning of keywords. For example: Huazigang (Pei Di)
The sun is setting, the breeze is blowing, and the grass is exposed at home. Cloud light invades shoes, and mountain green clothes brush people's clothes.
Second, the appreciation of expression ability.
(A) the clever use of rhetoric
1. Metaphor can not only make the images depicted in poetry more vivid, but also reflect the modality characteristics of images.
Lanxi Acura (Dai Shulun) hangs Liu Wanmei in the cool moon, and the more you look at Zhongshan mirror. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight.
Look at the mountains (stones) on the river.
Look at the mountains and take a boat, and a hundred regiments pass by. The front mountain is suddenly different, and the back ridge is like running.
Looking up, the path is oblique and there are pedestrians on the street. Raise your hand and talk on the boat and sail south like a bird.
2. argot (homophonic) and pun
In some poems, especially folk songs, in order to express a euphemistic and implicit emotion, the author often uses argot and pun rhetoric.
Spring thoughts (Tang Libai) The grass in your north is as blue as jade, and the mulberry here is curved and green. When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago. Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I separate the silk curtain beside my bed? ? Zhuzhici (Yuxi, Liu Tang)
The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
(2) Expression skills
Expression techniques, also known as expressive techniques and artistic techniques, refer to the composition and techniques of poetry.
1. Symbol is a common technique in poetry, and its main function is to use objects to symbolize people's moral integrity. For example, "Mei" symbolizes nobility, beauty, elegance and simplicity; "Chrysanthemum" symbolizes nobleness, Ao Shuang and strong resistance to snow, which is called "flower of seclusion"; "Lan Zhi" symbolizes preciousness, loneliness and loftiness; "Peony" symbolizes wealth; Wait a minute.
I didn't find Lu Hongxian at home (anxious)
He moved his home to the city wall and the country road to Sang Ma's residence. The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn.
There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west. Report to Dashan and don't return before sunset.
2. It is an artistic technique for the author to express his personal thoughts with the help of the symbolic meaning of things, which is also called feeling things and expressing feelings. Expressing poetry with things is also called writing poetry with things. For example:
Mowangmeimian, the first tree in my West Wild Goose Lake, has a faint ink mark. Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
3. The common ways to borrow scenery to write scenery are:
(1) Side contrast When a poet writes a scene, he starts with the related side scenery instead of the front scenery, and achieves the effect of reflecting the theme by describing the side scenery, that is, side contrast. For example:
Stone City (Tang Yuxi) is surrounded by mountains and the old country is in the body, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace.
(2) Setting off feelings with scenery (scenery) Poets often use scenery to render and set off feelings when describing subtle songs, obscure emotions or deep feelings.
[Double Tone] Qingjiang Yinqiuhuai (Bird carved wine)
Zephyr came to Wan Li and asked me if I would come back. Wild geese crow in red leaves, people get drunk in yellow flowers, and banana rains in Qiu Meng.
Chai Lu (Don Wang Wei) There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the green moss.
(3) Dynamic and static scenes or the combination of dynamic and static scenes or the mutual contrast between dynamic and static scenes.
In some landscape poems, there are often still scenes, such as mountains and the moon. Moving scenery, such as water flow, wind shaking and so on. According to different emphases, the author sometimes writes only dynamic scenes or static scenes, sometimes both dynamic scenes and static scenes, sometimes writing dynamic scenes to set off, and sometimes writing dynamic scenes to set off. For example, Wang Wei's "Chai Lu" sets off the silence of the "empty mountain" with "full of people"; One autumn night in the deep mountains, the silence of the empty mountain was set off by the noise of bamboo and the movement of lotus, expressing a kind of leisure.
Dai Shulun's Lanxi Bangge combines dynamic scenery (the first two sentences) with static scenery (the last two sentences). In Ming Che's beautiful picture scroll, it vividly shows beautiful landscapes, refreshing moonlight and fishermen's joy.
(4) Shaping artistic conception, rendering atmosphere and expressing emotions.
In ancient and modern poetry, there are many poems that write scenery first and then love or panorama. Poets often use scenery to render a strong atmosphere, paving the way for the following lyricism or melting into the scenery. According to the nature of the scenery, it can be divided into happy scenery and sad scenery.
(1) Happy scenes set off happy feelings, while sad scenes set off sad feelings.
"Emotion makes you happy, but emotion makes you sad". The beauty of the poet lies in integrating emotions into the scene, conveying his emotions through the scene, and achieving the blending of the scene. Such as: Gordon (Tang Du Fu) and a night-mooring near maple bridge (Zhang Ji)
(2) Happy scenes with sadness write sad music scenes, and see more of their sadness.
The quatrains (Du Fu) Jiang Bi birds are too white, and the mountains are blue and white. I watched it again this spring. When is the year of return?
(5) Combination of reality and excess
Listen to the flute on the fortress (Tang Gaoshi)
Snow-clean horses graze in the daytime, and Qiangdi guards the building in the moonlight. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over Tianshan Mountain overnight.
(6) Poets who died in Zhang Xianzhi often express their feelings at the end of their poems. For example, the sentence at the end of Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" says, "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" It expresses that the poet's thoughts are free and carefree, rather than bending over for a bucket of rice. Another example is the ending sentence "I will ride the wind and waves one day, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea" in Difficult Travel, which expresses the open-mindedness to realize my ideal.
(7) Empathy Empathy is to transfer people's emotions to things, so that foreign things share joys and sorrows with people. For example, there is also a saying in "Yangzhou Slow" that "abandoning trees is still boring soldiers". Trees still hate war, let alone Yangzhou people.
Two farewell songs (Don Mutu) are sentimental but always heartless, and I just feel that I can't laugh before I die. The candle on the table lit the heart, and it also saw the parting; You see, it shed tears for us and flowed to the morning.
(8) The contrast method is to "see the moon through the clouds" and highlight the main object by depicting other things.
Farewell in the Rain at Night Li Zhou (Don Wei Wu Ying)
The Chu River is shrouded in thin rain, and the companion city rings in the dusk. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly.
The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Farewell to my old friend, I love infinity, and tears fall down on the river.
On the poet's silhouette, "sails, birds, sea and trees" are written, which sets off the fineness of the sunset rain and the poet's deep sadness and parting.
(9) Clever structure In the structural arrangement of poetry, the poet is also ingenious. Commonly used structural modes are:
(1) Layer by layer plastering and paving. Look at the mountains on the river (Su Song)
Looking at the dry cliffs on the river, the barren village is red. A hundred miles back at dusk, the sunset draws a new picture alone.
Qian Shan is newer and darker, but it's cute now. Only the strongest show in Wushan still bears the burden from afar.
Complaining about your feelings (Song Luyou)
Recalling that year, in order to find opportunities to make contributions, I went to Liangzhou, the border guard, alone. Where is the dream of closing the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur. The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry. In this life, who knows, my heart is in Tianshan, and I am always in Cangzhou!
③ Structural contrast is widely used in poetry because of its hierarchical features and strong structure.
The thrush (Song Ouyang Xiu) moves at will, and the mountain flowers are red and purple. I just know that it is better to crow freely on the earth in a golden cage.
There are many expressive skills of poetry, such as realism and romanticism, and the skills of wanting to promote first and then suppress.
Classification appreciation of the third ancient poetry
Section 1 Appreciation of Landscape Words
First, grasp the characteristics and implications of the image.
This is what we often say to grasp the poetic image. For example, in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, I see guests off on the Xunyang River. At night, maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. The three images of "maple leaf", "flower" and "autumn" do not highlight the scenery and seasons, but render the environmental atmosphere and the sad mood of the poet when he leaves through the unique attributes of these three images. The images of ancient poetry often combine complexity and simplicity, and combine everything into one, which induces imagination with highly concentrated artistic images and produces peculiar aesthetic effects.
Second, appreciate the artistic conception of poetic scene blending.
Scenery and lyricism is a major feature of China's classical poems, especially his pastoral poems. Once the natural scenery is absorbed by the poet, it will inevitably bring the poet's emotional color and play a role in expressing the specific feelings of poetry. The methods of scene blending include scene blending, borrowing scenery to express emotion and scene blending.
Third, understand the feelings expressed by the poet's scenery writing.
Generally speaking, it is easy to grasp the feelings between the lines when writing landscape poems, but some landscape poems that are purely landscape poems on the surface are not so easy to understand. This requires us to have a certain understanding of the author's life experience and background at that time, that is, to know people and discuss the world, so as to accurately understand the feelings expressed by the poet's scenery writing. This involves a question of emotional sustenance. When analyzing poetry, we should carefully judge the depth of emotional sustenance and avoid arbitrarily exaggerating the ideological connotation of the work.
Fourthly, analyze the writing skills and language characteristics of poetry.
There are many ways to write landscapes in pastoral poems. When appreciating pastoral poems, we should mainly pay attention to the common methods and skills of writing landscapes.
1. Pay attention to the author's position of observing the scenery and the angle of describing the scenery, such as the change of height, reclining and reclining.
2. Master and analyze the author's methods of describing scenery, such as drawing, sound and color. Such as "throwing stones in the air, hitting the shore and rolling up thousands of piles of snow."
3. Understand and explain the skills of describing scenery, such as the combination of reality and reality ("Xiao sees the red wet place, and the flowers on Jinguan City are heavy"); Calm down by moving ("the bird is surprised when the moon rises, and the spring stream rings"); Contrast between light and shade ("all the wild clouds are black, and the river boat is only bright"); See the big from the small ("the window contains autumn snow in Xiling, at the gate of Wu Dong Wan Li boating"); Sketch is combined with detail description (There are no birds in the mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths) and "A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in Leng Jiang-snow"; The application of bi xing technique.
In the use of language, we should not only learn to appreciate the magnificent scenes described by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei's "Lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen", but also be good at understanding the poet's meticulous observation, capture and description, such as Du Fu's "Fish in the drizzle, Swallow in the breeze".
Section 2 Appreciation of Object-chanting Poetry
Chanting things and expressing ambition poetry is to express a person's spiritual quality or ideal by appreciating unique things. Appreciation can start from the following aspects:
First, grasp the characteristics of what you are singing. Since it is a poem describing the object, of course, we should write the shape, color and characteristics of the things we sing, and pursue appropriateness and realism. But if it is only an objective description, it is not a good poem to describe the object. That is to say, it should not only be similar in shape, but also similar in spirit. Such as "the pure heart is hungry because of this, and you sing in vain all night." Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! . Yes, I walked like a drifting log. I made my garden full of weeds. I thank you for your advice and let you live a pure life like you. " (Li Shangyin's Cicada) This is a poem about things, which uses cicadas as a metaphor for the author himself. The first four sentences are about the plight of cicadas: because they pretend to be lofty, they always have no food to eat; Although I tried to scream, it was all in vain and I couldn't get sympathy. This is actually the poet himself. The following four sentences are straightforward. In the triple sentence, I said that my official position is humble and there is no shelter; The next sentence says that the countryside is deserted, so what are you doing as an official? Reveal the intention to resign and retire. Tai Lian also linked her fate with cicada, got a warning from cicada's cry and realized that she was as poor as cicada. The author writes about cicadas with reverence and sympathy, and warns himself that he should be as lofty and upright as cicadas, and he will never change his original intention even if the political environment is bad.
Second, understand the poet's feelings when describing things.
Tao Yuanming chanted chrysanthemums, expressing a leisurely mood; Lu You in Yongmei shows that he is kitsch and sticks to the integrity of justice. Because of the author's different experiences, hobbies and even observation angles, even if he writes the same thing, he often has different feelings and expresses different feelings. Of course, not all poems about objects contain the sustenance of the poet's sober consciousness. However, an excellent object-chanting poem always attracts readers with its vivid image and strong aesthetic feeling, and intentionally or unintentionally reveals the poet's attitude towards life, or entrusts with a beautiful understanding, or implies the truth of life. This is something we should understand carefully when reading.
For example, "Flowers grow in the eyes of grass and vines, and small white flowers grow red on Yue Nv's cheeks. Poor sunset fragrance, marry Dongfeng without media. " (Li He's Thirteen Songs of Chu) This is what Li He did when he resigned and returned to his hometown to live in Changgu. The first and second sentences in the poem are about the blooming of new flowers, the third and fourth sentences are about the falling of late spring flowers, and the whole poem personifies flowers. When the flowers bloom, they look like Yue Nv's watery eyes and her beautiful face, which is beautiful. However, the good times did not last long. At dusk (late spring), the flowers withered and fell red all the way. "Cherish" is the feeling of cherishing flowers and hurting spring, and it is also the poet's word of self-injury and self-mourning. The last sentence uses anthropomorphic techniques to write the state when the fallen flower is unable to save itself. On the surface, "marrying Dongfeng" is voluntary, and "no media" proves this. In fact, Jiaohua is willing to leave the branch. "Marrying Dongfeng" is still an involuntary thing, although it "does not need the media". Don't marry when flowers are in full bloom, but marry when they are dying, which adds to the melancholy. In fact, this is a tragic atmosphere, but it is written from a happy mood. Seemingly abnormal, but also in line with the theme of the poem. Considering the poet's situation at that time, he was only in his twenties and was in his prime, but he was not used by the authorities. He has no ability, so he can only die. A careful study of this situation will reveal the poet's good intentions in writing this poem.
Third, analyze the writing skills of chanting poems.
The writing skills of chanting poems include personification, metaphor, positive description and side contrast.
Section 3 Appreciation of Historical Memory
First of all, find out the historical facts. To understand the historical facts and characters involved in the works, we need to accumulate some historical knowledge. When reading a poem, you must read the notes, which is also a key to understanding the material.
Second, there must be realistic reasons or media to trigger emotions, in order to understand the sentimental feelings of future writers about the dusty past. For example, in Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou and visited a local place called Chibi, which is said to be the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms. This red cliff can also be said to be the medium that triggers the poet's feelings. In Xin Qiji's "Gubeiting in Jingkou, Nostalgia for Forever Happiness", the poet boarded Gubeiting in Jingkou, and historically insisted on taking Jingkou as a stronghold to fight against the northern enemy, linking it with the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was the medium that triggered the poet's feelings. The realistic reason for the poet's poetic feeling is that the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty managed to steal peace and could not serve the country.
Third, poets who understand feelings cherish the past and praise it. There are roughly several situations:
One is to think about history calmly and rationally, and the poet himself is not among them. For example, Du Mu and Wang Anshi both wrote the poem Wujiang Pavilion. Du Mu regretted Xiang Yu's suicide: "Jiangdong disciples are versatile, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback." However, Wang Anshi felt the inevitability of Xiang Yu's failure history: "Although Jiangdong disciples are here today, I am willing to make a comeback for you."
Two kinds of situations are distorting historical facts and reality, or experiencing feelings personally, or fighting against social reality. This is the case with two Song Ci poems I learned in middle school, Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia and Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia. The third situation is to seize the shadow of history and deliberately exploit loopholes. For example, Jia Sheng by Li Shangyin is such a masterpiece that satirizes the present and the present.
Fourth, the analysis and writing method can be described as a hundred flowers blossom and there are scenes to set off feelings, such as Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia; There are also discussions. For example, the Six Wonders Classic was written by Chen Pingji, and Wang's bait was heard by Jia. Dare to go back to a foreign country, Han parents and. "("Wang Zhaojun "), made a bitter satire on the incompetence of the Han and Yuan emperors. In terms of composition, it is either a front contrast or a side contrast.
The fourth part is about the poetry appreciation of this incident.
The ancients often wrote poems on the topic of "things", expressing their feelings because of something, such as caring for relatives, seeing friends off, homesickness, giving people away, life feelings and leisure.
First of all, find out the reasons for the poet's mood. This kind of poetry is often used for a little reason, so to appreciate this kind of works, we must understand the reasons why poets feel. For example, the same homesickness: Du Fu's Moonlit Night misses his wife in the scene of war-torn and deserted moonlit night; Li Yu's "Langtaosha Order" mourned the motherland when the country broke the prison and woke up from a happy dream. Zhu bian's "The Sound of Spring" stayed at home in the middle of a cold environment. The emotional reasons caused by this are different, the reasons why poets express their feelings are different, and the feelings and brushwork expressed by poets are also different.
Second, appreciate the combination of "things" and "bosom". Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night": "Whose Yu Di flies secretly?" The poet's homesickness was triggered by a poem "Broken Willow". First, he wrote the flute dancing all over the city, and then he wrote homesickness. The combination of "things" and "nostalgia" is close and natural.
Third, appreciate the poet's profound and touching "mind". In particular, the masterpieces of homesickness, missing relatives, cherishing friends and parting will be touching and never artificial. For example, Du Fu's On Going Downstream is not uncommon in Qi Palace, and Cui has heard it several times before. It's a beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and I meet you when the flowers fall. "