Xi Leng (1) is a branch of the school, including ten Xi Leng, such as Chai Shaobing, Zhang Dan, Chen Tinghui, Mao, Wu,, Yu Huangwu. They are both poets and poets, and they have long occupied a dominant position in the ci circles in central Zhejiang in the early Qing Dynasty. The Poems of Qin Ting written by Zhang Dan has 12 volumes, and its style is sad. The name of the word is Cong Ye Tang's poem, also called Qin Ting's word. Shen Qian wrote the collection of Dongjiang Caotang in three volumes, with miscellaneous words 1 volume and rhyme 1 volume. Ding Peng has three volumes of Lifu Ci, Ci Compilation 1 volume.
There are also Zhou Maoyuan, Zhou Lun, Zhou's grandparents, and Ji Nanyang, Wu Qi, Zhang, Tian Maoyu and so on. After the primary election in Qingping, Zhang and Tian Maoyu edited the anthology of 10. In the late Qing Dynasty, the original name of Yin was Miao Ci, which was a large-scale anthology of Yun Jian Ci School.
(2) Liuzhou Ci School refers to the area of Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, and its extension can still be attributed to parts of Jinshan and Songjiang in Shanghai. Liu Zhou's works were compiled by Qiantang, Ge, Qian Shiben and Dao as Selected Poems of Liu Zhou, with a total of 6 volumes. In addition to 4 1 person in Ming dynasty, there were 1 17 people in Qing dynasty. The main poets are rich, Wei Xuequ, Cao Erkan and others.
Money, real name,no. Ju Nong. In the ninth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1636), he served as a juror. He is the author of "Ju Nong Ci", with novel ideas and distinctive styles. Wei Xuequ was a juren in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648) and was in charge of the Department of Official Punishment. He wrote 4 10 Qingcheng Ci. Cao Erkan (16 17- 1679) was named Gu 'an. After nine years of Shunzhi, he became a scholar, edited by Guan Hanlin Academy and promoted to a bachelor's degree as a lecturer. He is the author of Nanxi Ci. His ci style is from beautiful to heroic. There are many brothers, sons and nephews who are good at Ci in Cao Erkan, such as Cao Erfang, Cao, Cao Erduan, Cao Jianping and Cao. In the 4th year of Kangxi (1665), Cao Erkan, Song Wan and Wang Shilu sang in Hangzhou, and each wrote 8 pieces of Manjianghong, totaling 24 pieces. Later, dozens of poets from the North and the South answered. The chorus named Jiangcun became a great event in the early Qing Dynasty.
(1) west cold, place name, called Hangzhou today.
(3) Yang Xian Ci school Yang Xian is in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province today. Chen Weisong is the leader of Yangxian Ci School. In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), singing with Zou Zuomo and Dong Yining was the starting point of the formation of Yangxian School, and it lasted more than 40 years until Jiang died in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695). The negative word of Yangxian Ci school is the concept of Tao, which holds that the ontological function of Ci is the same as that of classics and history. Advocating words is heartfelt, and feelings are more expensive than truth. They either express the sorrow of people's livelihood or sigh the pain of their homeland. Hundreds of poets gathered around Chen Weisong. There are not only descendants of the Ming dynasty, but also people who abandoned their posts in the Qing dynasty. , Wan Shu, Chen, Jiang and others have made great achievements in Yangxian Ci School.
Chen Weisong (1625- 1682) was born in Yixing, Jiangsu. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), students in the early Qing dynasty gave lectures, gave a review to the Hanlin Academy, and participated in the compilation of Ming history. He wrote as many as 1629 words in his life, which is unprecedented for poets in ancient and modern times. He is the author of 54 volumes of the Complete Poems of Huhailou, among which 30 volumes are Ci. Chen Weisong's early ci poems were mostly charming, while his middle and late ci poems were mostly bold, close to Su Shi and Xin Qiji in Song Dynasty. Chen Tingzhuo's White Jade Zhai Thorn said: In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jia Ling was regarded as a giant. Jia Ling's ci is extremely bold, powerful and lyrical, both ancient and modern. Chen Weisong's ci can reflect the social reality, how can he be happy? The poem of the handyman reflects the scene where the Qing court forced the young men to go: the warships were discharged into the estuary. On the horizon, the real king is printing, and jiaozi is flat. 100,000 ships, the ranks are stormy. Sigh left, coquettish chicken dog. The front group urges the insurance, and the empty warehouse is tied behind the lock. Shake your head and shake your hand.
Rice fragrance is just called frosty day. There are Ding Nan, Qi Linjue and the sick woman in the grass. This trip to Sanjiang draws a hundred feet, and the snow waves roar at night. Is it resistant to back and bullwhip? I leaned under the maple tree in the backyard and poured wine for Cong Ci and Janice. God bless me, back in the game.
Chen Weisong's poems are magnificent, colorful, unique in conception and strong in brushwork. Such as "point crimson lips? Stay-at-home station: separated by a clear bun, Taihang Mountain looks like a tadpole. Barnyard grass is full of flowers and covered with an inch of frost. Zhao Wei Han Yan, I can turn around. Very angry, Yi Ming Kou, Zhongyuan Yellow Leaf.
Wanshu (1630- 1688) is also known as Hongyou, Huanong and Mingshan Weng. Wan Shu's own poem "Selected Poems of Xiangdan" has 6 volumes and 500 poems. His greatest achievement in the construction of Ci poetry is the compilation of 20 volumes of Ci Poetry.
* * * Collect 660 tones of Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Ci, with 1 180 styles.
Chen (1636- 17 12), real name, later name, third brother. The author of Red Salt Ci. Chen's poems were beautiful in his early years, but later they turned bleak. The poem is full of yearning for brothers and sisters and laments the great changes in the home country.
Jiang (1659- 1695), whose prefix is Jing, was later changed to Jing Shao (also known as Jing Shao). Jiang's own poetry collections include wuyue Ci and Qihua Ci. Before his death, he entrusted the manuscript to Jiang for safekeeping. In Tianlige, Jiang edited and arranged 12 volumes of Chen Pingci Qian and Selected Poems and Notes. This is an important version of Chen Zongshi's Collection of Lakes and Seas. Jiang's most outstanding contribution to Ci poetry is the compilation of the 22-volume Hua Yao Collection, a large-scale collection of Ci poetry. 2467 words were selected and 507 were saved.
① Yan: History of Qing Ci, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1990, pp. 40-46.
(4) Zhu Yizun, Zhu Yizun (1629- 1709), an early school of Zhexi Ci, was born in Xiushui, Zhejiang (now Jiaxing). In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), he was recruited as a famous cloth, won the first place and the seventeenth place, and was awarded a review by the Hanlin Academy to participate in the compilation of Ming history. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi allowed him to ride horses in the Forbidden City and gave him a residence east of Jingshan. Zhu Yizun's poems are as famous as Wang Shizhen's at that time, and he is known as the king of southern Zhu and northern Zhu. He was the pioneer of Zhexi Ci School (also known as Zhexi School) in the early Qing Dynasty. In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), he began to write lyrics under the Guangdong Political Department in Cao Rong, and wrote "Meijiang Ci" in the early years of the second year of Kangxi. From the third year of Kangxi to the seventeenth year of Kangxi, he wrote Jing Zhi Qin Ju Qu, Nine episodes in Jianghu and Jin Fan Ji, among which Nine episodes in Jianghu was the most important. His words "news?" "Crossing Yanmenguan" tells the thoughts of the old country: a thousand miles pass, whoever walks around, the geese hold reeds? Turbulent water is rushing, layers of snow are covered, and birds are whispering. Painting corners blows sorrow, yellow sand blows face, and there are still pedestrians coming and going. Ask the long way, lean on the horse in the setting sun, and go through the tree from the pavilion. General ape arm, son of crow, is difficult to distinguish heroes. Stealing the true king of the country, talking about the drunken captain, the world is like this! Spring clothes are limited, there is no mountain shop, and drunkards become empty talk! The old man hangs over the young, regardless of the east wind, and it is rainy.
The eighteenth year of Kangxi to the thirty-first year of Kangxi was the late period, and the collection of tea and tobacco kiosks was basically the late period. In Kangxi, Zhu Yizun still emphasized the theme of expressing meaning and expressing ambition for about ten years. For example, the preface to red salt says that although the words are small, the giants who used to understand Confucianism often do it. People who are full of poems are hard to speak and unwilling to follow the sound. The less they talk, the farther their purpose is. Good words are false children's words, which are related to the meaning of changing from coquettish to elegant. This is especially not suitable for people who are interested in time. However, in the 25th year of Kangxi, when Zhu Yizun wrote "Preface to Ziyun", he said: Ci is suitable for banquet and singing, and this bachelor's doctor coexists without abolishing it. His view of ci tends to be conservative. Lu Shu Ting contains more than 500 poems by Zhu Yizun.
In the early stage, the writers of Zhexi Ci School and Zhu Yizun were called six schools: Li Liangnian wrote "Autumn Golden Mountain House Ci"; The author of Lei Bian Ci is Li Fu; Shen Youri wrote the words of Jingshe in western Zhejiang; Shen An wrote The Tide of Black Butterfly Zhai Ci; Gong Xianglin is the author of Honglianzhuang Ci. In addition, Wang Sen is the author of Xiao Fang Lake Village, Tongkou Ci, and Anthurium of Insect Celebrities, and co-edited thirty volumes of Ci with Zhu Yizun. Zhou Qing is the author of Cai Shan Tang Ji. The author of Yaping Ci is Lu Yi; In the early stage, there were Jin Shen of Jiaxing, Shen Erjing of Wucheng, Ke Chongpu and Wei Wei of Jiashan, and Shao Xie of Daxing of Shuntian (now Beijing). Zhexi Ci School praised the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan, elegant and ethereal, and made great contributions to cleaning up the delicate and complicated style since the Ming Dynasty. But they tend to focus on mellow tones and exquisite sentences, which makes the content poor. Later, the trend of chanting things became more and more fierce, and the school of Ci in western Zhejiang showed a trend of decline.
① Yan: History of Qing Ci, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1990, p. 2 15-2 16.
(5) Three Wonders of Jinghua Ci Garden Three Wonders of Jinghua Ci Garden refer to Cao, Nalan Xingde and Gu Zhenguan, who were all in Beijing at that time.
Cao (1634- 1698) was born in Anqiu, Shandong. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), he was a scholar and was a doctor of official ceremony. Cao's poems are all good, with bold and unconstrained style and deep and steady style.
He is the author of Xue Ke's Ci in two volumes. The general catalogue of sikuquanshu evaluates his writing: it is generally covered by elegant and profound sustenance. In the ancient music, the weft is new. On Cao's ci, he advocated originality, opposed imitation, and would rather lose his boldness than describe it. He wrote Man Fang Ting? Pass with people, majestic and boundless, feeling the war and looking forward to peace: Taihua hangs down, the Yellow River sprays snow, and the fairy Qin hundred cities. Thousands of feet dangerous building, Diao Dou silent.
The red flag at sunset is half-rolled, the autumn horse is in a hurry, and the horse groans. Idle mourning, the rise and fall of the eyes, the decline of the grass, the death of the tomb. The mud ball is not sealed, and the Yuyang drum rings into Huaqing. The bonfire at the beginning is not as good as Xijing.
Since ancient times, princes have set risks and it is difficult to rely on them. When, when, you can see spring ploughing like a palm.
Nalan Xingde (1655- 1685) is a Manchu poet. Formerly known as Chengde, Rong Ruo was born in Lengga Mountain. His father is a pearl, and he is tired of being a college student and a teacher. In the fifteenth year of Kangxi, he was born as a scholar in the court examination. Choose a third-level bodyguard and be promoted to the first level. He is good at calligraphy, riding and shooting and writing poems. Make friends with Gu Zhenguan, Zhu Yizun, Jiang, Yan, Qin Songling, etc. Wu Zhaoqian defended the Gu Ning Tower in the imperial examination hall. After pleading with Gu Zhenguan, he asked his father to redeem him. He is the author of Tong Tang Zhi Ji and Jing Jie. The name of the collection was first the side hat, and then it was added as the drinking word. There are about 350 words today. He is good at line drawing, and his eulogy is sincere and sincere; The frontier fortress sings desolation and clears up grievances. For example, "Sauvignon Blanc": the mountain is a journey, the water is a journey, the body is facing Guan Yu, and the lights are everywhere at night. When the wind changes and the snow changes, it is impossible to break the dream of hometown, and there is no such sound in the garden.
Gu Zhenguan (1637- 17 14), whose real name is Huafeng, is from Wuxi, Jiangsu. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), he was a scholar in the official cabinet. He once worked in the class of Prime Minister Naran Mingzhu and had a close relationship with Naran Xingde. He is the author of "Finger-flick Writing" and "Jishan Rock Collection" in three volumes. The First Collection of Modern Words, edited jointly by Gu Zhenguan and Nalan Xingde, contains the works of 184 poets in the 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Gu Zhenguan's theory of Ci pursues freshness and naturalness and expresses his own spirit. He doesn't want to learn from the ancients and advocates change and innovation. He once wrote "Golden Melody"? I sent a book to Ningguta, Wu Hancha (Wu Zhaoqian), and used words instead of books. Ice Dust's Winter Writing in the Ice and Snow of Qianfo Temple in Shi Jing is a famous work in the Ci Garden of Qing Dynasty. The first song: Is Ji Ziping safe? I will come back and do everything in my life. How can I turn back? Who can comfort you when you travel long distances? Mother's hometown is poor and her children are small. I don't remember a glass of wine. If you get used to fighting with people, you will always lose him. The ice and snow have been around for a long time. Tears will not drip through the cow's clothes. Counting the world, it is still the same flesh and blood. How many can there be? Life is thinner than beauty, not to mention today. Only congestion, biting cold and discomfort. I am willing to take care of my promise, and I hope that the bird's head and horse's horn can finally save me. You wear sleeves to buy this letter.
Chen Tingzhuo commented in Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci: These two words are purely written by sexual complex, which is so sad and comforting. Ding Ning warned that every word from the heart can make the gods cry!
Wu, a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote two volumes of poems in Meicun. Jinbao (now released to Luo Gui)
He is the author of A Collection of Walking in the Hall. Song Wan wrote Anya Tangji and Erxiang Pavilion Ci. Gong Dingzi wrote "Xiang Yan Ci", also known as "Ding Shan Tang Poetry"; The author of Yu Ci is; Xu Can, a poetess, has three volumes of poems in Humble Administrator's Garden. Wang Fuzhi's works include the second set of drums and Xiaoxiang resentment; Mao Qiling wrote 6 volumes of Guizhi Ci; Qu Dajun is the author of Daoyuan Tang Ci, also known as Sao Jie; Peng is the author of Song Guitang Collection, Yan Lu Ci and Jin Su. Wu Zhaoqian is the author of "Autumn Collection" with 8 volumes; Wang Shizhen wrote Yan Bo Ci and Ruan Yu Pavilion Poems.