There are various musical expression factors in the process of tune, but there are two essential basic elements that constitute tune: the rhythm of tune line (or pitch line). On the spatial aspect of sound: in the continuous melody process, the process of forming various straight lines or curves due to the pitch direction is similar to the extension or fluctuation of lines in the picture, so it is called melody line; About the time of sound: Only when sounds with different pitches (i.e. melody lines) are issued one after another, and combined with the expressive functions of various musical rhythms, such as length, speed and pause, can melody form various syntax and structures of music. Vivid language rhythm and rich life rhythm are the natural basis of melody rhythm; The rhythm formed by the tone of language, the level of voice, the priority of language situation and the cadence of tone is the natural basis of tune line. The organic combination of mode, line and rhythm, and reflected through a certain musical structure, is a complete piece of music. However, the basic elements of all kinds of music have different functions in different music or different parts of music. Sometimes rhythm and beat are more significant; Sometimes the meaning of pitch and timbre is more prominent; Sometimes modal expressions have special meanings. It's all intact anyway.
Art is unified and subject to the artistic expression of tunes.
Because vocal music and instrumental music have their own characteristics, the classification of tunes is different in the form of tunes. Vocal music tunes are closely related to humanistic conditions and language habits. Generally speaking, vocal music tunes have a narrow range, and singing is its main feature. Instrumental tunes are directly related to the performance characteristics of specific instruments and vary with different instruments. Generally speaking, it has a wider range than vocal music tunes, and there are more big intervals to jump into, and the speed and intensity of music change greatly, which is full of rhythm and skill.
Judging from the development law of tunes themselves, due to the differences in the nature of musical thinking, they can be roughly divided into two types, namely, singing (recitation) tunes and playing (recitation) tunes. The former emphasizes the logic of music, the smoothness and stability of tunes, and the balance, symmetry and integrity of tune structure. Good at expressing feelings like songs and depicting the inner activities of characters. The latter emphasizes the characteristics of language, and its melody expression, pitch fluctuation and rhythm arrangement are also close to the laws of oral expression and expression in people's lives. In terms of vocal music tunes, some recitative tunes written by European composers have corresponding requirements for the melody of words because of their light and heavy rhythms; The light tone of words must match the light tone of music. The rhythm used is relatively free, even not limited by the bar line with the beat as the unit; Melody lines are relatively simple, which can be intermittent or even homophonic. China's recitation has its own unique style: of course, it pays attention to the light and heavy tone of language, but it is not as strict as foreign recitation; But there are strict requirements for the pronunciation of words, which should be plain and clear. This is an important standard for China people to recite music.
Generally speaking, the smallest structural unit of a tune is motivation. As the motive at the beginning of a piece of music, it should have its own characteristics in interval and structure, usually hiding the internal harmony factors, forming a distinctive form, which runs through the development of the whole piece of music. So people say that the basic motivation of music is the "seed" of melody development. But not all music tunes are based on motivation, especially the tunes of songs. Because a song is composed of words and songs, it takes syllables of a language as the basic unit of words, and the basis of a song is a musical vocabulary similar to a festival called aria.
There are many ways to develop motivation and melody, and they are still developing with the update of music creation methods. There are four basic skills: repetition and change. Repetition is often used to promote the presentation and development of music and deepen the memory of listeners. It can be a simple repetition, or it can just repeat its rhythm and part of the pitch, which is called variation repetition; It can be the repetition of motivation or phrases, or the repetition of the whole music theme. This technique can be used to develop or expand phrases; It can also be used as >>
Question 2: The prosodic feature of phonetics is also called suprasegmental feature, which is also called suprasegmental feature traditionally. This is the characteristics of all pitch, sound intensity and sound length except vowels and consonants and their relationships. In phonetics, they are characterized by tone, intonation, stress and rhythm. Besides vowels and consonants, tones are also the main components of speech. Tone is expressed by the change of tone. The vibration of vocal cords is controlled and slow, making the tone high or low. In natural language, the range of pitch fluctuation is generally stable. World languages can be divided into non-tonal language and tonal language. The tone without tonal language has the function of mood, while the tone with tonal language (expressed by the tone of words) has the same function of distinguishing meaning as the consonant vowel. For example, "Ma" mg, "Ma" má, "Ma" mh and "Scold" mà in Mandarin have the same pronunciation, but their meanings are different due to different tones. There are two pitch patterns in languages with different tones. One is the scale type, which only uses the scale to distinguish the tone categories, and does not distinguish between rising and falling tones. The other is the curved tone type, which uses the rising and falling or tortuous tone shape to distinguish the tone categories (languages with curved tones generally have flat tones). If the range is wide, the difference of tone values will be larger, and if it is narrow, the difference will be smaller. Different people have different tones, and the tone of the same person with different tones also changes. Therefore, tone is a relative level rather than an absolute tone. The tone value of Mandarin was tested by Liu Fu and Zhao Yuanren in the early stage, and the tone value was more accurate after the acoustic instrument test. A sentence is divided into several words, and a word contains one or several phonetic units, which are called syllables and consist of more than one phoneme. For example, the word munication in English has five syllables, and the word e has only one syllable; In Chinese, a word is a syllable, and a word contains one to five syllables, but most of them are two syllables. It is difficult to define syllables clearly in one or two sentences. In the past, linguists had various definitions of syllables, such as "the theory of chest beat", and each syllable had a chest beat; "Peak theory", each syllable has only one peak; "syllable core theory", a syllable has only one strongest vowel or consonant as the core; "Muscle tension theory", when speaking, muscle tension and weakening become one syllable at a time, and so on. But these statements are not comprehensive. Because in the actual continuous speech, the results of syllable division according to these sentences may be inconsistent. Therefore, from the perspective of phonology, from the perspective of pronunciation and hearing, there will be differences in syllable division, and if analyzed according to phonetic description or phoneme classification, the differences will be more. However, from the general acoustic phenomena, we can think that: ① at least one vowel (sometimes a consonant) plays a central role in a syllable; ② There is a weak dividing point in sound intensity between syllables. However, if the two syllables are connected by vowels and no consonant is separated, the boundary is not obvious, such as "first" and "first" in Mandarin. One sound is connected with another, and due to the naturalness of pronunciation or other reasons, it often affects each other and changes the original pronunciation. This is assimilation. The influence of the previous sound on the latter sound is positive assimilation, and vice versa. Assimilate "Duck Egg" like Mandarin → → 【 Ji Dan 】. Reverse assimilation is like "South Gate" → [South Gate], and before and after assimilation is like "March 8" → [Samba]. When two similar syllables are linked together, in order to avoid repetition or monotony, one syllable is replaced by another, which is called alienation. As mentioned above, continuous reading of two upper tones makes the previous upper tone become the upper tone, which is a kind of alienation and weakening, such as Beijing dialect cotton [miεn xua]→[miεn xu? #9 1; Hanako becomes lighter and a → # 91; )。 The lightness of timbre is also a weakening phenomenon. In addition, there are sound changes such as amplification, attenuation, sound leakage, tone shift, substitution and conversion. Some of these phonetic changes are due to the preservation of pronunciation or rhythm, and some are the result of historical evolution or language errors. In the early 1950s, western phoneticians put forward a distinctive phonetic analysis theory in view of the fact that the norms used in previous phonetic analysis could not express the smallest differences in pronunciation. The founders are R Jakobson and others, who believe that all languages can be divided into several minimum pairs by dichotomy according to their physiological and acoustic characteristics. Such as: ① vowel/non-vowel, ② consonant /...> & gt
Question 3: What's the difference between pitch and rhythm? Pitch is the accuracy of pitch concept! Rhythm is the control of the duration of each note! You should know the three elements of music: melody, rhythm and harmony!
Question 4: What is the meaning of' rhythm' in aesthetic form? Rhythm is the concept of music. Together with melody and harmony, it becomes the three major elements of music, which embodies the beauty of order and coordination. Although product modeling design does not have a strong sense of time rhythm, it can also produce a sense of rhythm according to the movement of the line of sight. The rhythm in product modeling design refers to a periodic rhythm, regular repetition and organized change, which is an important manifestation of plastic arts. Rhythm is to give emotional appeal on the basis of rhythm, so that rhythm can provide strong, fluctuating and urgent emotional appeal, thus giving people a sense of beauty. Common rhythms mainly include: continuous rhythm, gradual rhythm, staggered rhythm, ups and downs rhythm and so on.
Question 5: Is harmony easy to learn? In the Conservatory of Music, harmony is a major. In fact, to put it more popularly, you can understand the harmony of pop songs as an arrangement. Arranging is very important, but it's a bit boring. It is necessary to have a very rational understanding of the relationship between sound and sound and create it rationally. It's hard anyway. First, look at the classical piano score to find a rational understanding. Then personally appreciate Jay Chou's arrangement, including his own composition. I hope the landlord will adopt it!
Question 6: What are the rhythms, melodies and timbres in plane composition? Can you give an example? Thank you! Is this it?
Question 7: What is the internal rhythmic poem of poetry?
Poetry is a literary genre with emotion as the main body. It reflects social life in a lyrical way, is highly concise and concentrated, and expresses thoughts and feelings in the form of rich imagination, rhythmic language and line arrangement. Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and colorful language art form, and it is also the oldest and most basic literary form in the world. Poetry originated from ancient social life and became a rhythmic and colorful language form because of labor production, sex and primitive religion. "Shangshu Yu Shu": "Poetry expresses ambition, song expresses Tao, sound is eternal, law and harmony." "Book of Rites. Le ":"Poetry expresses ambition; Song, chanting its voice; Dance, move its capacity; The three are based on the heart, and then the instrument follows it. " In the early days, poetry, song, music and dance were integrated. Poetry is the lyrics, which are always sung with music and dance in actual performances. Later, poetry, song, music and dance developed independently and became independent adults. Poems and songs are collectively called poems.
Overview of poetic style
The classification of poetic style is a complicated problem. Now just from a general point of view, simply talk about the poetic style of the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties.
Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties are generally called archaic poems [/rl], including archaic poems of Yuefu in the Han and Wei Dynasties, folk songs of Yuefu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and literati poems in this period. Yuefu was originally the name of the official office. Yuefu songs are collected by Yuefu organs and sung with music scores. "Wen Xin Diao Long? Yuefu said: Where Le Yan is a poem, it sounds like a song. "From this, we can see the relationship between the three concepts of poetry, song and Yuefu: poetry refers to the lyrics made by poets, song refers to the music that matches poetry, and Yuefu refers to both. Later, the works written by copying the old theme of Yuefu or imitating Yuefu genre were also called Yuefu, although there was no soundtrack. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others started the new Yuefu movement, created new themes and wrote current events, so it was called the new Yuefu.
From the metrical point of view, the poetic style after the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into two categories: modern poetry and ancient poetry. Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, has certain meter. Classical poetry, also called archaic style, is written according to the practice of ancient poetry, and its form is relatively free, and it is not bound by metrical rules.
Judging from the number of words in poetry, there are four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. Four words are four words, five words are five words and seven words are seven words. After the Tang Dynasty, there were few four-character poems, so they were usually divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems. Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven ancient poems; The use of three, five and seven characters at the same time is generally considered as seven ancient characters. Five-character rhythmic poems are referred to as five laws for short, and are limited to eight sentences and forty words; Seven-character metrical poems are abbreviated as seven laws, and are limited to eight sentences and fifty-six words. More than eight sentences are called long method, which is also called exclusive method. The long method is generally a five-character poem. Only four sentences are called quatrains; Five lines * * 20 words, seven lines * * 28 words. There are two kinds of quatrains: absolute and ancient. The law should be restricted by Pingqimi, and the ancient law should not be restricted by Pingqimi. The ancient absolutely is generally limited to the five absolutely.
1953 used the name "Modern Poetry Society" for the first time-it was established when Ji Xian founded the "Modern Poetry Society". The significance of modern poetry;
1. The form is free.
2. The connotation is open.
3. Image management is more important than rhetoric.
Comparison between "classical poetry" and "modern poetry": poets are all formed by feeling things and are the reflection of their hearts. "Classical Poetry" expresses tenderness, tenderness, sadness and no resentment with the poetic view of "thinking innocently", emphasizing "between solvable and unsolvable". "Modern poetry" emphasizes the spirit of freedom and openness, and communicates "between the sensible and the intangible" with straightforward situational statements.
Poetry mainly has the following parts:
(A) the origin of poetry
Poetry is the oldest and most literary style. Labor songs and folk songs, which originated from ancient people, were originally the floorboard of poems and songs. At first, there was no distinction between poetry and song, but poetry and music and dance were combined into one, collectively called poetry. China's poems have a long history and rich heritage, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Han Yuefu and the works of countless poets. Poetry in western Europe was created by ancient Greek poets Homer and Sappho and ancient Roman poets Virgil and Horace.
(B) the characteristics of poetry
Poetry is a highly concentrated literary genre that reflects social life. Full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich imagination. Its language is concise and vivid, with distinct rhythm, harmonious rhyme and rich musical beauty. The sentences are generally in rows and pay attention to the beauty of structural form.
He Qifang, a modern poet and literary critic in China, once said: "Poetry is the literary style that most strongly reflects social life. It is full of rich imagination and feelings, and it is often expressed in a direct lyrical way. Moreover, in the exquisite and harmonious degree, especially in the bright rhythm, it is ... >:>
Question 8: What is the temperament of poetry? What is the relationship between a poem's flat meter and its tonal characteristics? Ask for a detailed answer! factory
Question 9: What is body rhythm? Dalcross believes that music is the art of asking questions, and music itself is based on auditory experience. Music education should be based entirely on listening. Therefore, his body rhythm not only teaches music theory, solfeggio, harmony and other courses, but also pays attention to training students to use hearing sensitively and effectively at all times, and uses various parts of his body as musical instruments to express various factors of music (including speed, rhythm, strength, phrases and emotions, etc.). ) cooperate with various actions with your inner feelings. And all these movements to express music are taught through the game teaching method carefully designed by the teacher. Dalcross asked for the body to respond to the music, which is different from the dance movements in our concept. There is no need to have a graceful posture, but students are required to be absolutely relaxed, coordinated and confident. In teaching, if teachers find that individual students are lax, they should change the way of explanation or change the content in time, so that students are always in a fresh state.
Dalcross emphasized that students' self-expression and creativity can be improved by improvisation. Teachers should use less ready-made music in the initial class and use more improvisational vocal music and instrumental music. This is convenient for teachers to freely arrange various musical ideas in various ways to adapt to different styles and various pronunciation States.
Now people usually associate the name Darkross with the word "body rhythm", but the teaching method of Swiss educators is actually a whole composed of three aspects, not only "body rhythm", but also training auditory memory and improvisation.
Dalcross's teaching viewpoint is: awaken innate instinct, cultivate a sense of rhythm that is extremely important to human body, establish physical and mental harmony, make feelings more delicate and sensitive, make students more healthy and lively, stimulate imagination and promote learning in all aspects. In music education, he uses music to listen, to create re-impressions, and to reproduce music with body movements, so that students can experience music directly.