Liezi (450- 375 BC), whose name is Lieyukou, was born in Zheng in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Liezi has eight articles and many fables are preserved. Most of these stories are based on folklore. It is also said that Liezi was not written by Liezi, but was disguised by later generations.
1, Yishan, Gong Yu
Legend has it that long ago, there were two mountains in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang. One is called Taihang Mountain, and the other is called Wuwangshan. These mountains are as high as/kloc-0.000 miles, and Fiona Fang has 700 miles.
In the north of this mountain, there lived an old man named Gong Yu. He was almost 90 years old. The front door of his house faces these two mountains, so it is not convenient to go out for business. Yugong made up his mind to dig these two mountains.
One day, he called the whole family together and said to them, "These two big mountains are blocking our way out. Everyone Qi Xin dug them out together and opened a direct road to Yuzhou. What do you think? "
Everyone agreed, but only his wife raised questions. She said, "Where are the stones and mud dug up from such a high mountain as Taihang and Prince Wu?"
Everyone said, "It's easy. Just throw soil and stones on the edge of Bohai Sea! There is no place to pile up. "
At first light the next day, Gong Yu led his family to start digging mountains.
His neighbor is a widow. She has a seven-or eight-year-old son who just changed his deciduous teeth and jumped to help.
Everyone works hard and seldom goes home to rest all the year round.
An old man lives by the Yellow River. He is so clever that people call him Zhizuo. Seeing Yu Gong's hard work in digging mountains and transporting earth all the year round, he felt ridiculous and went to persuade Yu Gong: "You are such a fool. How many days can you live at this age? " You can't pull up a few grasses on the mountain with all your strength. How can you move such a big mountain? "
Yu Gong sighed deeply and said, "I think you think you are smart, but you are actually stubborn. You are worse than a widow child! " Yes, I'm old, and I won't live many years. However, when I die, I still have a son, a son has a grandson, and a grandson has a son; Children and grandchildren, handed down from generation to generation, endless. But these two mountains won't grow any higher. Why can't we dig them up? "
Hearing these words, the wise old man who thinks he is smart has nothing to say anymore.
The mountain god knew about it, and he was afraid that Yugong would continue to dig, so he reported it to the mountain god. The spirit of Yugong touched God, so he sent two Hercules to the world and moved two mountains, one in the east of Shuofang and the other in the south of Yongzhou. From then on, there is no mountain to stop the south of Jizhou and the north of Hanshui River.
Moral: As long as you have tenacious perseverance, firm determination and unremitting struggle, no matter how big the difficulties are, you can overcome them.
Original text:
Taihang Mountain and Wuwangshan Mountain are 700 square miles high in Wan Ren. Ben is in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang. Beishan fool, 90 years old, lives near the mountain and is punished for traffic jam in Beishan. He gathered in the room and made a plan. He said: "You and I are trying our best to overcome the danger, pointing directly to the south of Henan and reaching Hanyin. Is that all right? " Vague promises. His wife raised her question: "With your strength, you will never destroy the mountains of chief fathers such as Taihang and Prince Wu. And what about mud and stones? " Zayue said, "Throw yourself at the end of Bohai Sea and the north of hidden soil." Then lead the children and grandchildren to take charge of Sanfu, knock on the stone and cultivate the soil, and transport it to the end of Bohai Sea. Shi Jing, my neighbor's widow, left a man, so she began to help him. Cold and summer are easy to celebrate, and the beginning is the opposite. Hequ Zhicuo stopped laughing and said, "What a shame! With the strength of age, you can't destroy a hair on the mountain. What are things like dirt and stones? " The foolish old man in Beishan said, "Your heart is unbreakable and you have never suffered from widowhood. Although I am dead, I have a son. Children have grandchildren, and grandchildren have children; A son has a son, a son has a grandson, and his descendants are infinite. If the mountains don't increase, why bother? " Hequ died knowing his mistake. The snake-drying god heard this and was afraid, so he told the emperor. Feeling sincere, the emperor ordered Kwae's second son to take charge of two mountains, one is Shuodong and the other is Yongnan. Since then, the south of Hebei and the yin of Han have never been broken.
Liezi Tang Wen tablets
2. Suspect neighbors of stealing axes
Once upon a time, a countryman lost an axe. He suspected that the neighbor's son stole it, and observed the way the man walked, like stealing an axe; Look at the man's face and expression, it's like stealing an axe; Listening to him is more like an axe thief. The man's words and deeds are like an axe thief.
Later, when the man who lost his axe was digging in the valley, he dug it out. Then he looked at his neighbor's son carefully and didn't walk like an axe thief. He doesn't look like an axe thief; His words and deeds are even less like an axe thief, and that man's words and deeds are not like an axe thief.
Moral: Don't doubt people casually. If you are too suspicious, good people will be regarded as bad people.
Original text:
People who have lost their husbands are interested in their neighbors' sons and steal their husbands depending on their behavior; Color, stealing a husband; Words, stealing husbands; Attitude, doing nothing without stealing. Suddenly, he dug up his valley and found his husband. He saw his neighbor's son again and again, and his actions and attitudes were no different from stealing his husband.
Liezi Fu Shuo
3. Yang Bu hits the dog
Yang Zhu's younger brother is called Yang Bu. One day, he went out in a white dress. It was raining, so he took off his white clothes and went home in a black suit. His dog didn't recognize Yang Bu, so he called him and barked at him. Yang Bu was so angry that he picked up a stick and wanted to hit the dog.
Yang Zhu saw it and said, "Stop hitting the dog, you will be like this yourself. Can you not be surprised if your dog goes out white and comes back black? "
Liezi Fu Shuo
Moral: When friends misunderstand themselves, don't get hot-headed and angry; Instead, we should put ourselves in the other's shoes.
Original text:
Yang Zhu's brother, Ella, came out dressed in white. When it rained, the clothes were taken off and turned upside down. His dog didn't recognize him and rushed forward to call him. Yang Bu will pounce angrily. Yang Zhu said, "I can't jump, but I'm still alive. No wonder your dog is all white and all black. "
4. Xuetan Xuege
There is a young man named Xue Tan who sings with Qin Qing. Before he really learned Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had, so he said goodbye to his teacher and went home.
Qin Qing didn't stop him, sent him to say goodbye to him on the way out of town, and sang a very beautiful song with a soft beat.
The high-pitched singing shook the trees in the forest, and the wonderful voice resounded through the sky.
Xue Tan quickly apologized to the teacher and asked to go back to study. Since then, he has never dared to talk about going home in his life.
Moral: Learning needs a modest and prudent attitude, and there can be no complacency and pride.
Original text:
Xue Tan learned from Qin Qing. At the end of his life, he said that he had tried his best, so he resigned. Stop and concentrate on Xiaoqu, stroking the sad songs, trembling the trees, very sonorous. Tan Xue's request is just the opposite. I dare not say anything all my life.
Liezi Tang Wen
5. Don't worry about anything.
There was a man in the state of Qi who was worried all day that the sky would fall, and he had no place to live, could not sleep and could not eat.
A man saw that he was so sad and worried about him, so he went to enlighten him and said, "The sky is just a thick accumulation of gas, and there is no place where there is no gas." Your every move, breath and breath from morning till night live in the center of the sky. Why worry about the sky falling? "
Hearing this, the anxious person said again; "If the sky is thick, won't the sun, moon and stars fall?"
The person who came to enlighten me said, "The sun, the moon and the stars are all made up of luminous gases. Even if it falls, it is impossible to hurt people. "
The anxious person asked again, "What if the ground collapses?"
The person who enlightened him replied, "The earth is made of clods. It is full of all fields and everywhere. You can just walk and jump on it and live on it all day. How can you worry that it will collapse? "
The man was relieved and very happy after listening to his friend's words. The person who came to persuade him was relieved and happy.
Moral: As long as you tell the truth thoroughly, you can help people relieve their worries and troubles.
Original text:
In the state of Qi, there are people who are worried about the collapse of the sky, people who are sent away by death, and people who forget to eat and sleep.
Those who are worried about others, because they know it, say, "God, gas accumulates in the ears and grieves at the place of death. If you bend over and stretch and stay in the sky all day, why worry about falling? " The man said, "The sky is full of air, and the sun, the moon and the stars are everywhere. Why not be evil? " The knower said, "The sun, the moon and the stars are also full of glory, so they can only fall, not slander." The man said, "What happened to Naidi?" At dawn, he said, "A spike in the ground will make up for the four deficiencies, and if it dies, it will die. If you hesitate to keep your feet on the ground all day, why worry? " The man gave up, but he was happy. People who know are also happy.
Liezi Tian Rui
Later generations summed up the idiom "worrying about the sky" to describe unnecessary or unfounded worries.
6. It's too late to cross the street now
Yang Zhu's neighbor lost a sheep. He not only led his relatives and friends, but also invited Yang's boy servants to chase it.
Yang Zhu said, "If a sheep is lost, how can there be so many people chasing it?" The neighbor said, "Because there are too many forks."
When they came back, Yang Zhu asked, "Did you find the sheep?"
The neighbor replied, "No, I lost the sheep."
Yang Zhu asked again, "With so many people chasing after it, how can the sheep be lost?"
The neighbor replied, "There are many forks in the middle of the fork. We don't know which way the sheep went, so we must return. "
Liezi Fu Shuo
Moral: lost sheep are hard to find because there are too many forks in the road. There are also many forks in the road between learning and doing things. Without a certain goal, you will lose your way and get nothing.
Original text:
Andy's neighbor lost his sheep, so he led his party and asked Andy about his vertical pursuit. Andy said, "Hey! A sheep is dead, why chase the crowd? " The neighbor said, "There are many different roads." Instead, he asked, "Did you get the sheep?" Yue: "I'm dead." Yue: "Wu Hu?" He said: "There are differences in the Tao, and I don't know what it is, so the opposite is true."
7. Liezi learns to shoot
Liezi has learned archery and can already hit the target. He happily went to Guan Yinzi for advice.
Guan Yinzi asked him, "Do you know why you can hit the target?"
Liezi answered honestly: "I don't know."
Guan Yinzi said, "So, you haven't learned well yet!"
Liezi went back to practice seriously for three years, and then came to Guan Yinzi for advice.
Guan Yinzi asked, "Do you know why you can hit the target now?"
Liezi replied, "I see."
Guan Yinzi nodded and said, "Well, you succeeded. You should always remember the truth. Not only archery, but also governing the country. "
Moral: To do things, we should not only know why, but also know why and master its laws. Only by consciously obeying the rules can things be done well.
Original text:
Liezi learned to shoot and he won. Please go to find Guan Yinzi. Yin Zi said, "The son knows the son, so who wins?" Right: "Fu Zhiyi." Guan Yinzi said, "Impossible." Retire to rule for three years and repay Guan Yinzi. Yin Zi said, "Why did Zi Zhi Zi win?" Liezi said, "I know." Guan Yinzi said, "Yes. Keep it and don't lose it! Not only for one person, but also for the country and the body. "
Liezi Fu Shuo
Profits make people dizzy.
Once upon a time, there was a man in Qi who wanted to make a fortune and get a lot of gold.
Early this morning, he dressed up, went to the market and went straight to the place where gold was sold. When he saw gold in Huang Chengcheng, he reached for it and left.
The official caught him and asked, "There are so many people in the market, why do you openly take other people's gold?"
The man replied, "When I took the gold, there was no one in my eyes, only gold."
Moral: If a greedy person steals his heart, he will do something stupid to make him dizzy.
Original text:
In the past, there were people in Qi who wanted gold. Dressing was suitable for gold. They went because of their gold and officials caught them. They asked, "Where are the people?" Yes, he said, "when you get gold, you can't see anyone, you only see gold."
Liezi Fu Shuo
Nine tall horses.
Bole is a master at identifying horses. However, he is old and exhausted.
One day, Qin Mugong said to Bole, "You are old. Can you send your descendants to find a swift horse?"
Bole said, "One."
A good horse can be seen from its figure, appearance and skeleton. There seems to be no fixed standard for finding that special swift horse in the world, and it can't be expressed in words. Horses like this have light feet and hooves when they run.
Children don't raise dust, and they are quick. A flash, as if can't see the figure. My sons are all inferior talents. They can tell what a good horse is, but they can't tell what a swift horse is. I have a friend who collects firewood and sells vegetables.
My friend's name is Jiufanggao, and my flattery ability is not under me. Please let me recommend him to you. "
Mu Gong summoned Jiu Gaofang and sent him to look for Maxima. Three months later, Jiufanggao came back and reported: "It has been found, in the sand dunes."
Mu Gong quickly asked, "What kind of horse is it?"
Jiufanggao replied, "It's a yellow mare."
Someone was sent to lead the horse, but it was a black stallion. Mu Gong was very unhappy and called Bole and said, "It's terrible! The person you recommend to find a horse doesn't even know the color and sex of the horse. How do you know which horse in the world is a swift horse? "
Bole sighed with emotion: "Nine
Fang Gao has reached this point, which is why he is ten million times stronger than me. Q 9 saw it, and that's the secret! He pays attention to observing the spirit and ignores the appearance; Pay attention to its inside.
Quality, while ignoring its color and gender; Only see what he needs to see and ignore what he doesn't need to see; Observe only what he needs to observe and ignore what he doesn't need to observe. A horse like him is.
A swift horse that is more precious than the average good horse! "
The horse is here. It is really a rare swift horse in the world.
Moral: To truly understand a thing, we must grasp the essence through the phenomenon.
Original text:
Qin Mugong said that Bole said: "Zi Lao, can I be a horse seeker with my surname?" Bole said to him, "A good horse can be said to have the same bones and muscles. The horse in the world, if destroyed, if lost, if lost. If this person is completely clean. Ministers' sons are all talented. You can tell a good horse, but you can't tell a horse in the world. I have nine parties with people who are worried about food, for horses, not for ministers. Please look. " Mu Gong saw it and ordered him to beg for horses. Instead, it was March. The newspaper said, "I see. Just in the sand dunes. " Mu Gong said, "What horse is there?" Right: "It's yellow." It is convincing and embarrassing. Mu Gong doesn't talk. Call Bole and say, "Defeat! If the son makes a horse, how can he know the color? " Bole sighed and said, "What about this? Yes, that's why there are thousands of ministers and countless others So does Jorge's view of secrets. Get the essence and forget the roughness, forget the outside. See what they see, not what they can't see; See what they see, but leave what they can't see. If the height is a horse, then people are more expensive than horses. " When the horse arrives, it is the horse in the world.
Liezi Fu Shuo
10, Jichang learns to shoot.
Gan Fei was an ancient sharpshooter. As long as he bows and shoots arrows, birds will fall and animals will fall to the ground. His disciple's name is Wei Fei. Wei Fei learned from Gan Fei with great skill.
A young man named Ji Chang came to worship Wei Fei as a teacher again. Wei Fei said to him, "You must learn the skill of not blinking under any circumstances before you can talk about learning archery."
Ji Chang returned home, lying under his wife's loom, staring at the passing shuttle. Two years later, even the awl almost stung his eyes, and he didn't blink.
He told Wei Fei what he had gained, and Wei Fei said, "It's not enough. You have to practice your eyesight. When you can see the smallest object very big and the fuzzy target clearly, you can tell me again. "
Ji Chang came home,
Caught a louse, tied a cow's tail and hung it on the window, facing south every day, staring at the louse. After more than ten days, the lice in his eyes were even more ashamed; Three years later, it became like a wheel.
Size. Turn around and look at other things, all as big as hills. He used a bow made of Yan's horn, boarded the arrow made of crescent moon and winter canopy pole, and aimed at lice. The arrow went through the heart of the louse, and the oxtail was still hanging.
In the air.
Ji Chang ran to tell Wei Fei. Wei Fei said happily, "Well, you have succeeded!"
Moral: To master excellent skills, we must pay the price of superman and practice basic skills in a down-to-earth manner. If you are eager for success and afraid of pain, you can't succeed.
Original text:
The ancient archer Gan Fei drew his bow, and the wild animal crouched under the bird. Disciple Wei Fei learned to shoot flies, but he was more skilled than his teacher. Ji Changzhe also learned to shoot at Wei Fei. Wei Fei said: "I can't learn it instantly before I can shoot." Ji Changgui, lying under his wife's machine, took the lead with his eyes. Two years later, although the cone tail fell off, it was not instantaneous. Tell Wei Fei. Wei Fei said, "Not yet, but I can wait and see. See the big with the small, see the small with the small, and then tell me. " I often hang lice on scorpions and look from the south. Between ten days, the sense of immersion is also great; Three years later, it's like a wheel. If you want to see the rest, you can see the hills and mountains. Therefore, the arc of the swallow's horn, the () of the new moon, shoots it, penetrates the heart of the louse and hangs it, in order to tell Wei Fei. Wei Fei danced and said, "You made it!"
Liezi Tang Wen
1 1, seagull
There is a man by the sea who likes seagulls very much. Every morning, he came to the seaside to play with seagulls, and hundreds of seagulls flew to him, one after another.
His father said to him, "I heard that seagulls like to play with you." Please catch one for me! " "
The next day, the man came to the seaside again. Seagulls only flew over his head and refused to fall down to play with him again.
Moral: You must be honest with your friends. If you are treacherous with ulterior motives, you will lose your friendship and friends.
Original text:
People at sea have good birds, and every denier swims from birds at sea. Those who reach the top of the bird will not stop. His father said, "I heard that all the birds swam past you, so you took them to play." In tomorrow's sea, ostriches can dance without falling down.
Liezi Huangdi
12, chop and change
There was a monkey farmer in Song State who liked monkeys very much and raised a large group at home. He can understand the meaning of monkeys, and monkeys are good at pleasing him. The monkey owner would rather reduce the food ration at home and let the monkeys eat it.
Soon, his family was poor, and he planned to limit the monkey's food intake, but he was afraid that the monkey would no longer obey him, so he lied to the monkey and said, "Is it enough to give you three chestnuts in the morning and four chestnuts in the evening?"
Hearing this, the monkeys all stood up and lost their temper.
After a while, the monkey keeper asked again, "Is four chestnuts in the morning and three chestnuts in the evening enough?"
Hearing this, the monkeys all lay down happily.
Moral: If you are confused by the superficial phenomenon of things, you can't see the essence of things clearly.
Original text:
In the Song Dynasty, there were people who loved to be killed, and they supported each other. They could understand the meaning of being killed and won the hearts of the people. Hurt their families and satisfy their desire to be killed.
If you are in a hurry, you will be restricted from eating, for fear that many people will not obey you. First, you will say, "If you are (), is that enough?" All the snipers are angry. Suddenly, he said, "If (), that's enough. Keep changing?" All the people are squatting happily.
Liezi Huangdi
13, Children's Day Debate Competition
Confucius went to the East to lobby. On the way, he met two children arguing, so he came forward and asked, "What are you arguing about?"
A child said, "I think the sun was close to people when it first came out, and it was far away from us at noon."
Another child said, "I think the sun is far away from people when it first comes out, and it is close to us at noon."
Confucius asked with interest, "Can you tell me your reasons?"
A child said, "When the sun just came out, it was as big as the roof of a car;" At noon, it is only the size of a plate and a bowl. Doesn't this mean that people who are far away from us look small and people who are close to us look big? "
Another child said, "When the sun first came out, it was a little cold.": At noon, it was as hot as soaking in boiling soup. Doesn't this mean that people who are far away from us feel cold and those who are close to us feel hot? "
After listening to their words, Confucius couldn't tell who was right or wrong for a moment.
The two children smiled and said, "Who says you have much knowledge?"
Moral: There is no end to knowledge. Even a knowledgeable person has many things he doesn't understand.
Original text:
When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon. A son said, "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a hood, and in the middle of the day, it is like this. "
Pan Yu, isn't this for people far away, but for people near? "A son said," It's cool at the beginning of a day, just like exploring soup in a day. Isn't it near hot and far cold? "Upon hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart? " ? "
Liezi Tang Wen