1. Yue Fei:
Yue Fei (March 24, 1103 - January 27, 1142), courtesy name Pengju, was born in Tangyin County, Xiangzhou, Song Dynasty (now Tangyin County, Henan Province) )people. A famous military strategist, strategist, calligrapher and poet in Chinese history, a famous general who fought against the Jin Dynasty and a national hero, ranking first among the four generals of the Zhongxing Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei surrendered to the army at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. From the second year of Jianyan (1128) when he met Zongze to the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), he led his Yue Family Army to fight against the Jin Army. Hundreds of battles, big and small. In the first year of Jingkang (1126), Yue Fei was recruited to join Zhao Gou's army in Xiangzhou as the generalissimo.
When the Jin army went south to the south of the Yangtze River, Yue Fei stood out in his own way, insisting on resisting the Jin army and regaining Jiankang. In the third year of Shaoxing (1133), he was appointed as the envoy along the river. He never forgot to recover the Central Plains. In the spring of the following year, Yue Fei regained the six counties of Xiangyang. In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1136), he led the Northern Expedition and successfully captured Yi, Luo, Shang, Guo and other prefectures. People in the two rivers rushed to tell each other, and rebels from all over the country responded.
In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140), Wanyan Wushu destroyed the alliance and attacked the Song Dynasty. Yue Fei sent his troops to the northern expedition and recovered Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places. He also defeated the Jin army in Yancheng and Yingchang and marched into Zhu. Fairy Town. However, Zhao Gou and Qin Hui insisted on seeking peace and ordered Yue Fei to lead his troops with twelve "gold-character plaques". He was framed by Qin Hui, Zhang Jun and others and imprisoned.
In January 1142, Yue Fei was killed along with his eldest son Yue Yun and general Zhang Xian on trumped-up charges. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty, Yue Fei was rehabilitated and reburied in Qixialing by the West Lake. He was given the posthumous title of Wu Mu, and later he was given the posthumous title of Zhong Wu and was granted the title of King of E.
Yue Fei attached great importance to the people's strength to resist the Jin Dynasty and created the "Linking Heshuo" strategy, advocating that the civilian anti-Jin Dynasty rebels north of the Yellow River and the Song army cooperate with each other to attack the Jin army to regain lost ground. Yue Fei managed the army with clear rewards and punishments, strict discipline, and he was also considerate of his subordinates and led by example. There is a popular saying among the Jin people: "It is easy to shake a mountain, but it is difficult to shake Yue's army."
Yue Fei's representative poem "Man Jiang Hong"? is a famous patriotic poem that has been passed down through the ages. Later generations compiled another collection and handed it down.
2. General comments on characters:
Yue Fei’s achievements are indelible. He expressed the demands of the violated nation, upheld his lofty national integrity, persisted in the just struggle against gold under difficult conditions, and knew how to care for the people's anti-gold strength.
The anti-Jin army and the people worked together to protect half of the rivers and mountains of the Southern Song Dynasty, saving the people of southern China from the ravages of the Jin people, thereby preserving the highly developed Chinese economy and culture and allowing it to continue to develop.
2. Wen Tianxiang:
Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 1236 - January 9, 1283), was originally named Yun Sun, also named Song Rui and Lu Shan. The Taoist name is Fuxiu Taoren and Wenshan. A native of Luling, Jizhou, Jiangxi (now Futian Town, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province?), he was a politician, writer, patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan official, and national hero in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Jay".
In the fourth year of Baoyou's reign (1256), he ranked first in Jinshi. In the first year of Kaiqing's reign (1259), he was granted the additional title of Chengshi Lang and Signing Letter Ning Haijun, Judge of Jiedu. In April of the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), he served as war inspector and concurrently as Quanzhi Academy. He was dismissed from office because he drafted an imperial edict that satirized Quan Xiandao.
In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army marched eastward along the Yangtze River. Wen Tianxiang spent all his wealth on military resources and recruited 50,000 soldiers to defend Lin'an. Xuan served as an envoy for western Zhejiang and Jiangdong and also knew Pingjiang Prefecture. He sent generals to help Changzhou, but because Huai general Zhang Quan saw the danger and refused to save him, he was defeated and retreated to Yuhang. Xuan was appointed You Prime Minister and Privy Council Envoy, and was ordered to go to the Yuan army to negotiate peace. He was detained for denounced the Yuan Prime Minister Boyan, and was escorted to the north to escape.
In May, in Fuzhou, together with Zhang Shijie, Minister of Rites Lu Xiufu, and Right Prime Minister Chen Yizhong, they supported Zhao Shi, the king of Yi, as emperor. They proposed a plan to take the sea route north to recover Jiangsu and Zhejiang. However, Chen Yizhong blocked it, so he went south. Jianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian) gathered troops to fight against the Yuan Dynasty. In May of the second year of Jingyan's reign (1277), they attacked Jiangxi again, but were eventually defeated and retreated to Guangdong alone.
In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). The following year, Zhang Hongfan, the marshal of both the Mongolian and Han armies of the Yuan Dynasty, escorted him to Yashan (today's Xinhui South) and ordered Zhang Shijie to be surrendered. Wen Tianxiang refused and wrote the poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" to clarify his ambition.
He was later transferred to Dadu (now Beijing) of the Yuan Dynasty. Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, personally persuaded him to surrender and promised him the post of prime minister. Wen Tianxiang was upright and would rather die than surrender. He died in Dadu on the ninth day of December in the nineteenth year of Yuan Dynasty (January 9, 1283). Aged 47. He is the author of "Wenshan Poetry Collection", "Guanzhi Lu", "Guanzhi Houlu", "Zhengqi Song", etc.
3. Lin Zexu:
1. Character introduction:
Lin Zexu (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850), a Marquis of Fujian He was born in the county with the courtesy name Yuanfu, Shaomu, and Shilin, and his later names were Qicun Lao Lao, Qicun Retired Old Man, Seventy-two Peak Retired Old Man, Pingquan Jushi, and Lishe Sanren, etc.
He was a politician, thinker and poet during the Qing Dynasty. He was a first-rank official. He served as governor of Huguang, Shaanxi-Gansu and Yunnan-Guizhou, and was appointed imperial envoy twice. Because of his advocacy of strictly banning opium, he is known as a "national hero" in China.
When Lin Zexu banned opium in Guangdong in 1839, he sent people to investigate and secretly investigate, forcing foreign opium merchants to hand over opium, and the confiscated opium was destroyed in Humen on June 3, 1839.
The destruction of opium in Humen plunged Sino-British relations into a state of extreme tension and became the first Opium War and an excuse for Britain to invade China.
Although Lin Zexu devoted his whole life to resisting Western invasion, he was open to Western culture, technology, and trade, advocating learning from its best and using it. According to documentary records, he was at least somewhat fluent in English and Portuguese, and he focused on translating Western newspapers, periodicals, and books.
The late Qing thinker Wei Yuan compiled the documents translated by Lin Zexu and his staff into "Hai Guo Tu Zhi". This book inspired the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and even Japan's Meiji Restoration.
On November 22, 1850, Lin Zexu died of illness in the old county of Puning.
2. Character evaluation:
Lin Zexu has been in politics for 40 years and served in 13 provinces. He is a famous feudal politician and a representative figure of the reform faction of the landlord class. Although as a feudal official, he had the idea of ??"loyalty to the emperor" and suppressed uprisings of ethnic minorities, but at the critical moment when the Chinese nation was faced with being reduced to a semi-colonial state, he stepped forward and "ignored misfortunes, blessings, honors and disgrace."
Resolutely implement the smoking ban, resist foreign armed aggression, and safeguard national sovereignty and territory. It also advocates learning advanced Western technology and developing national industry and commerce. This was the mainstream of his life's activities and thoughts. Lin Zexu deserves to be China's first national hero in modern times.
4. Zhu Ziqing:
1. Character introduction:
Zhu Ziqing (November 22, 1898 - August 12, 1948), formerly known as Zi Hua , nicknamed Qiushi, later changed his name to Ziqing, with the courtesy name Peixian. Modern Chinese essayist, poet, scholar, and democracy fighter.
Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he was born in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province (now Pingming Town, Donghai County, Lianyungang City). Later, he settled in Yangzhou with his grandfather and father, claiming that "I am a Yangzhou native." He graduated from high school in 1916 and was successfully admitted to the preparatory course of Peking University. He began publishing poetry in 1919. In 1928, the first collection of essays "Back" was published.
In July 1932, he served as director of the Department of Chinese Literature at Tsinghua University. In 1934, "Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel" and "Miscellaneous Notes on London" were published. In 1935, he published a collection of essays "You and Me". He died in Peiping due to gastric perforation on August 12, 1948. He was only 50 years old.
2. Character evaluation:
(1) "Zhu Ziqing's prose can be filled with a kind of poetic flavor." (Commentary of modern poet Yu Dafu)
(2) ) "Zhu Ziqing's works established a pure and simple fresh style from the beginning." (Comments by modern essayist Li Guangtian)
(3) "Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive relief from the United States. "We should write odes to Wen Yiduo and odes to Zhu Ziqing. They express the heroic spirit of our nation." (Mao Zedong's comments)
(4) "Talk to Zhu Ziqing or read his articles." , the impression is that he is sincere, humble, gentle and simple... His writing is like his person, his elegance comes from simplicity, his humor comes from his loyalty, and his shyness comes from his plainness." (Comments by Yang Zhensheng, a modern educator and writer)
5. Tan Sitong
1. Character introduction:
(One of the "Six Gentlemen of 1898") Tan Sitong (1865.3.10-1898.9.28), male, courtesy name Resurrected, nicknamed Zhuangfei, a native of Liuyang, Hunan, a famous politician, thinker and reformist in modern China. His book "Ren Xue" is the first philosophical work of the reformists and an important work in the history of modern Chinese thought.
In his early years, Tan Sitong initiated the establishment of the Current Affairs School and the Nanjing Society in his hometown of Hunan, sponsored the "Xiang Daily", advocated the opening of mines, built railways, publicized reforms and reforms, and implemented the New Deal.
In 1898 AD (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Tan Sitong participated in leading the Reform Movement of 1898. He was killed after the failure. He was only 33 years old and was one of the "Six Gentlemen of 1898".
2. Character evaluation:
(1) Xinhuanet:
Although the Reform Movement of 1898 failed and Tan Sitong was also killed, he was willing to take blood from his neck The spirit of slandering the government and treating death as if it were home not only pointed directly at the corruption and darkness of the Qing government, but also established an immortal monument for the people that future generations will forever admire.
(2) Guangming Daily:
(Tang Cichang and Tan Sitong) The two men's vows to "live together and die together" have inspired generations of Chinese people.
(3) Sina News:
Also from Hunan, Zeng Guofan was also a scholar who saved the country. Earlier, Zeng Guofan reached the highest stage of the traditional "human minister" path, while Caishikou Tan Sitong, who was waiting for death, had a tragic feeling of martyrdom. This tragedy ended the efforts of Hunan scholars on the traditional path of "managing the world for practical application" and opened up a new path for Hunan patriots to save the country.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Yue Fei
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Wen Tianxiang
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Lin Zexu
Reference Information: Baidu Encyclopedia: Zhu Ziqing
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Tan Sitong