The first scholar in the imperial examination history of China was Sun Fujia in the 5th year of Tang Wude (AD 622), and the last scholar was Liu Chunlin in the 3th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (194). There are 14 Chinese characters with three elements, and one Wu character with three elements.
Because literature, art and philosophy have always been the criteria for selecting talents, although there are many politicians and historians among these top scholars, most of them are writers. Among them, He Zhizhang, Wang Wei and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xiaoxiang and Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty, Hu Guang and Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty, Weng Tonghe and Zhang Jian in the Qing Dynasty. The number one scholar in the middle school is called "the greatest achievement in the world", which is the highest honor for scholars. However, because of personal factors or the constraints of the environment at that time, most of the number one scholars were unable to reach out and make a difference in their lives, and eventually they were lost in the torrent of history.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the most revered national hero in later generations was Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar of Bingchen in the 4th year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1256). With his lofty patriotism and national integrity, he is known as the "top scholar among the top scholars".
among the top scholars in past dynasties, Weng Tonghe, the top scholar of Bingchen in the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1856), played a significant role in China's political situation. He was an imperial teacher twice in his life, and he was the leader of the imperial party in the dispute between the emperor and the latter two parties in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he actively supported Kang Youwei's idea of political reform and recommended it to Emperor Guangxu, which eventually contributed to the "Reform Movement of 1898" and made great changes in the political situation at that time.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who became an emperor from the top scholar was Li Zunxu, the top scholar of Guihai Branch in the 1th year of Tianqing in Xixia (123). He was the son of Li Yanzong, the king of the imperial clan in the Xia Dynasty. He took part in the Xixia Imperial Examination in the 1th year of Tianqing (123), and won the first place in the court examination and became the champion. Attacked the king of Qi, and promoted the prefect. Later, in the second year of Xixia Emperor's establishment (1211), a palace coup was launched, which abolished Xia Xiangzong's independence and became the emperor for Xia Shenzong.
among the top scholars in past dynasties, it is well documented that Cui Yuanhan, the top scholar of Xinyouke in the second year of Tang Jianzhong (781), was the first scholar who won the "three yuan" in the imperial examination. He has been admitted to the Beijing Zhaofu Jietou (Xieyuan), the Scholar-like Head (No.1 scholar), the erudite macro-word subject, and the system subject.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who rose from the top scholar of martial arts to the prime minister was Guo Ziyi, the top scholar of martial arts in the early years of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty. He lived through the four dynasties of Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong, and served as prime minister twice. At the same time, he is also the most outstanding martial arts scholar in the past dynasties.
in the imperial examinations of past dynasties, the number of people who got the "three yuan" test was the most in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there were six people, including Sun He, Wang Zeng, Song Yao (xiáng, that is, the suburb of Song Dynasty), Yang Jian (Zhi Li, the same as' Jia'), Feng Jing and Wang Yanmuo.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the Ming Dynasty has the largest number of officials to prime ministers (including officials with equivalent prime ministers, such as cabinet records and college students), and there are 17 people including Hu Guang and Shang Lu.
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Wang Wei, the top scholar of Xinweike in the 19th year of Tang Kaiyuan (731), achieved the highest achievement in poetry and painting. He is one of the outstanding representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his poetic art is considered to be "from Li (Bai) to Du (Fu) and should be the first". His paintings were promoted as "the ancestor of Nanzong paintings", and ancient literati paintings began from him.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Zhang Xiaoxiang, the top scholar of Jiaxu in the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, achieved the highest achievement in ci writing. His ci follows Su Shi, is full of spirit, and has a deep patriotic color. Together with Zhang Yuangan, he is also known as the pioneer of Xin Qiji, a great patriotic poet.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest achievement in calligraphy was Liu Gongquan, the top scholar of Wuzi in Tang Yuanhe in 88. He is good at regular script and cursive script, and he is also called "Yan Liu" with Yan Zhenqing, another great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. In history, he is also called "four masters of regular script" with Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Zhao Mengfu in the Tang Dynasty.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest historical achievement was Wang Pu, who was the top scholar in the subject in 949, the second year of Ganyou in the Five Dynasties. On the basis of Su Mian's founding of the conference in the Tang Dynasty, he compiled a hundred volumes of Tang Huiyao according to the conference compiled by Su Mian in the Tang and Nine Dynasties and Yang Shaofu's continuation books. Later, it was written into 3 volumes of the Five Dynasties Meeting according to the historical records of the Five Dynasties. Not only is the historical data rich and accurate, but also the style and method of classifying and compiling the main body are formally established, which is imitated by later generations. This contribution is called "great achievement" by the Summary of Siku.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Yang Shen, the top scholar of Xinweike in the sixth year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (1511), wrote the most abundant works. He not only works in poetry, but also can write, write and compose songs, and attaches importance to folk literature. He is an accomplished writer and famous scholar. There are more than 4 kinds of works in his life, although many of them are scattered, more than 1 kinds are still preserved, and there are about 2,3 existing poems, which are rich in works and ranked first in the future.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Wu Qijun (jùn, the same as' Jun'), the top scholar of Ding Ugly Family in the 2th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1817), achieved the highest botanical achievement. He served as the governor of many provinces all his life, and paid great attention to the relationship between the abundance and the people's livelihood. Based on what he heard, heard and illustrated, he compiled and compiled the relevant plant literature in ancient books, which became 22 volumes of Textual Research on Plant Names and Facts and 38 volumes of Textual Research on Plant Names and Facts. It was an important botanical monograph in the 19th century in China.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the most famous thinker was Chen Liang, the top scholar of the Academy of Guichou in the 4th year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1193). He advocated paying attention to career utility and supplementing the national economy and people's livelihood. He put forward the proposition that "those who benefit the universe are nothing but things, and those who use them for daily use are nothing but things", and had many debates with Zhu Xi on the relationship between righteousness and benefit and Wang Ba. His theory is unique, and he is the founder of Yongkang School. At the same time, he is a famous writer.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Zhang Youxin, the top scholar in the Nine-Year (814) Jiawu Division, was the most fond of tea and contributed to the study of tea ceremony in China. He wrote a volume of "Jian Cha Shui Ji", commenting on the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of spring-boiled tea, which is another important research work on tea ceremony in China after Lu Yu's "Tea Classic".
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only diplomatic envoy who has been to eastern European countries is Hong Jun, the top scholar of Wuchen in the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1868). In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), he was ordered to be an envoy to Russia, Germany, the Netherlands and Austria for three years. He used western materials to write a supplement to the translation of Yuan history, which initiated a new era of using western works and materials to study Yuan history.
19. among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who was recruited by the emperor as Xu Ma was Zheng Hao, the top scholar of Renxu Branch in the second year of Tang Huichang (842). He was the first scholar and seven years later, that is, the third year of middle school (849), and was recommended by Prime Minister Bai Minzhong as a candidate for Xu Ma to Tang Xuanzong, the daughter of Emperor Xuanzong.
2. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who was ordered to be executed by the emperor immediately after and immediately after was Chen An, the top scholar of Ding Chou's South List (or Spring List) in the 3th year of Ming Hongwu (1397). Because all the students admitted to palace examination were southern scholars, they were dissatisfied with the northern scholars. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, was so angry that he suspected that the admission was private that he ordered the examiner and Chen An and others to be executed.
The only female champion in China's history was Fu Shanxiang, the top female scholar in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (in 1853, the third year of Qing Xianfeng).
in the history of China, the first person who took the imperial examination in minority languages won the first prize. In the 13th year of Dading in Jin Shizong (1173), the first scholar of Guisi Jurchen Jinshi (also known as the strategy scholar) was a Jurchen. He took the imperial examination in jurchen script.
The last scholar in the history of China was Liu Chunlin, the scholar of Jiachen in the 3th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (194). He won the imperial examination and the following year, that is, in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (195), Empress Dowager Cixi issued a letter to stop the imperial examination, so he became the last scholar in the history of China.
The largest number of top scholars in the past dynasties was the Tang Dynasty. During the period of 285 years, from the fifth year of Gaozu Wude (622) to the fourth year of Aiditian (97), the imperial examination was held almost once a year, resulting in about 27 champions. There are more than 14 famous examinees in the ancient books, such as "Examining the Entrance to the College" and "Talking about Hui in Yuzhitang".
In the history of China, it happened in the second year of Jianwen in the Ming Dynasty that the same region swept the top three in one imperial examination. Hu Guang, Wang Gen and Li Guan from Ji 'an Prefecture in Jiangxi Province swept the top three in the first class, the second place and the flower exploration. In the second year of Yongle, an even more jaw-dropping miracle of the imperial examination was born: the same talented people from Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province swept the top seven in the imperial examination!
In the history of China, Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty produced the largest number of top scholars. From the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Lu Gong, the champion of Ding Haike's Wujin nationality, to Zhang Jian, the champion of Nantong nationality in Guangxu's twentieth year (1894), in 247 years, * * * produced 49 champions.
Note: There should be 43 authentic Jiangsu top scholars in the Qing Dynasty. The reason why there are 49 people is that four people, including Dai Youqi (No.1 scholar in the 3th year of Kangxi), Wang Jingming (No.1 scholar in the 52nd year of Kangxi), Qin Dacheng (No.1 scholar in the 28th year of Qianlong) and Xu Hao (No.1 scholar in the first year of Tongzhi), should strictly belong to Shanghai, when Shanghai belonged to Jiangsu. Wu Xinzhong (the champion in the 13th year of Jiaqing) and Huang Siyong (the champion in the 6th year of Guangxu) were originally from Xiuning, Anhui, and were domiciled in Jiangsu. Even if these four people are excluded, the 43 people in Jiangsu are still far ahead of the 19 people in Zhejiang, the second place (if 18 people are not counted).
in the history of China, Suzhou prefecture in Qing dynasty produced the largest number of top scholars, with 24 top scholars.
In the history of China, Yongfu County (now Yongtai, Fujian) in the Southern Song Dynasty produced the largest number of top scholars in a short period of time. From the second year of the main road (1166) to the eighth year of the main road (1172), there were three champions, Xiao Guoliang, Zheng Qiao and Huang Ding.
The Tang Dynasty produced the largest number of brothers' champions in history, with 19 brothers' champions such as Zhang Shi (brother) and Zhang Zhengfu (brother).
3. The Northern Song Dynasty produced the largest number of father-son champions in history, with 6 father-son champions including Zhang Quhua (father) and Zhang Deye (son).
among the brothers' top scholars in the past dynasties, the shortest distance between them is that in the 14th year of Tang Xiantong (873), the top scholar of Guisi Branch was Kong Xun (brother), and in the 3rd year of Tang Ganfu (876), the top scholar of Bingshen Branch was Kong Mi. The time between the two brothers' winning the top prize is only three years apart.
among the top scholars of fathers and sons in the past dynasties, the shortest distance between them and the time is Andeyu (father), the top scholar in the second year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (969), and An Shouliang (son), the top scholar in Renshenke in the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (972). The time between the father and son's two champions is only three years apart.
among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Zhang Jian, the top scholar of Jiawu in the 2th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, started to engage in industrial activities and made great achievements. He engaged in industrial activities in and the following year (1895), and successively set up dozens of enterprises and a large number of social undertakings, which influenced all over the country and was known as "the great educator and industrialist in China".
among the top martial arts scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who took two exams, first to explore flowers and then to be the top martial arts scholar, was Ma Quan, the top martial arts scholar in Gengchen in the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (176). Ma Quanchu was named Ma Wang Quan. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), he took a martial arts Jinshi exam and won three places in palace examination. Later, due to conflicts with colleagues during his tenure, he was stripped of his official position. In order to wash away his shame, he changed his name to Quan, determined to win fame again, and finally won it in palace examination, a martial arts scholar, for twenty-five years (176).
among the top scholars in past dynasties, Su Gui, who ascended the throne in the seventh year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong (656), and Guo Yuanzhen, who ascended the throne in the fourth year of Xianheng (673), were both 18 years old.
among the top scholars in past dynasties, Yin Shu, the oldest scholar on record, was in the Tang Dynasty. He didn't become the top scholar until he was over 7 years old. During the Jiaqing period, Wang Yan, a native of Hangzhou, took the pilot test at the age of 8, but died before palace examination, otherwise he might have broken Yin Shu's record.
The only time in history that the top two scholars in the same year were both from the same place, which happened in the ninth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (176). Xu Duo and Xue Yi of Xinghua Army in Fujian Road (now Putian City) were top scholars in Chinese respectively. When Song Shenzong learned that the top scholars in the world were fellow villagers, he couldn't help but make a poem to give him a gift. The poem said, "One scholar wins the world and heroes from all over the world enter the country."
Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the one with the highest status today belongs to Chen Wenlong (a native of Putian, Fujian), the top scholar of Wuchen in the fourth year of Song Duzong Xianchun (1268), and the sixth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (149), and the court named Chen Wenlong as the "Minister of Water Affairs"; In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1782), the emperor made Chen Wenlong the king of Zhenhai, who was the temple god of Fuzhou.
The first and only top scholar in the past dynasties who was dismissed because of poetry and fu was Xu Yin, the top scholar in Putian in the first year of Liang Kaiping (AD 97). Because Liang Taizu pointed out that the sentence "One emperor and five emperors will return if they don't die" in his Geometrical Fu of Life, Xu Yin replied that "I would rather have no official, and the fu can't be changed", and Liang Taizu angrily cut his name.
The only imperial examination with four differences in the same subject in the past dynasties was in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), and Huang Gongdu, a native of Putian (119-1156), was the top scholar in palace examination. Chen Junqing (1113-1186) came second (second place); Lin Deng is seventy-three years old, and he is a list honour; Gong Maoliang (1121-1178) was eighteen years old and was the youngest in the list. It is said that "four differences" belong to the same family. Also, Huang Gongdu and Chen Junqing, also known as "Kuiyazhan double standard".
Xu Tai: The only martial champion in China history who was knighted, adopted by the emperor as his adopted son and given the country name (Zhu)-Xu Tai, the martial champion in the seventeenth year of Ming Hongzhi (154).
Zhang Sanjia: the last martial arts champion in China's imperial examination history-Zhang Sanjia, the martial arts champion in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898).
Zhu Huchen: Zhu Huchen, the youngest martial arts champion in China's imperial examination history, was only nine years old when the emperor gave him the martial arts champion.
Li Zunxu: the only person in China history who became emperor from the top scholar-Li Zunxu, the top scholar in the 1th year of Yuan Qing in Xixia (123).
Zheng Guan: the only person in the history of China who was the first to win the top prize in literature and the highest prize in martial arts-Zheng Guan, the top prize in liberal arts in the third year of Changqing in the Tang Dynasty (823) and the top prize in the second year of Daiwa in the Tang Dynasty (828).