Answers to the reading "Mandarin Trees Planted in the Northwest Corner of Liuzhou City"
"Mandarin Trees Planted in the Northwest Corner of Liuzhou City" Reading Answers The poem expresses the poet's love for the orange tree and the quality of upholding integrity. The following is the original text of the poem, as well as translation appreciation and reading answers. Welcome everyone to read for reference~!
Original text:
Planting tangerine trees in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City
Author: Liu Zongyuan
Two hundred yellow tangerines are planted by hand, and spring comes. Leaves are everywhere in the city.
Fang Tong, the guest of Chu, pitied the emperor's tree, but did not learn from the Limunu of Jingzhou.
How old are the blooms and the smell of snow spraying? Who picks the real hanging pearls?
If you sit and wait for a long time, it will be as good as supporting an old man.
Mandarin trees planted in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City. Phonetic: shǒu zhǒng hu?ng gān ?r bǎi zhū, chūn l?i xīn y? bi?n ch?ng y?.
fāng t?ng chǔ k? li?n hu?ng sh?, b? xu? jīng zhōu l? m? n?.
jǐ su? kāi huā w?n pēn xuě, h? r?n zhāi sh? ji?n chu? zhū?
ru?jiāo zu?d?i ch?ng l?n r?, zī w?i h?i kān yǎng lǎo fū.
Mandarin trees planted in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City Reading answers:
(1) Briefly analyze the expression techniques used in poetic couplets and the thoughts and feelings expressed.
(2) Does the word "sitting and waiting for Lin Ri" in the last couplet express the author's broad-minded feelings, or does he have a different feeling in his heart? Please share your opinion based on the whole poem.
Answer:
(1) The poet uses allusions and comparisons to show that he loves tangerines because he was inspired by "Ode to Oranges" by Chu Ke Qu Yuan, rather than because he loved tangerines in Danyang during the Three Kingdoms period. Like the prefect Li Heng, he wanted to make a fortune by growing oranges. It not only expresses the poet's love for orange trees, but also expresses his steadfast quality that is different from popular customs.
(2) I think it expresses the author's broad-mindedness. Whether the first couplet depicts the greenness and lushness of the orange tree, or the neck couplet's imagination of the orange tree blooming and bearing fruit, both express the poet's love for oranges; the jaw couplet also expresses his ambition through allusions and comparisons, and thus longs for oranges. The trees that grow into forests to nourish themselves are the author's broad-minded expression of sticking to his integrity after being demoted.
Planting tangerine trees in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City Translation:
I personally planted 200 tangerine trees. When spring comes, the branches and leaves are green, and the northwest corner of the city is full of green.
Like Qu Yuan, I love this naturally beautiful tree, and I don’t follow Li Heng’s example of using tangerine trees as wood slaves for profit.
How many years will it take to smell the fragrance of flowers as white as spraying snow? Who will pick the fruit that looks like a hanging bead?
If I wait until the day when citrus trees grow into forests, its deliciousness will nourish and benefit an old man like me.
Mandarin trees planted in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City. Word explanation:
⑴Liuzhou: Today it belongs to Guangxi. Liu Zongyuan served as the governor of Liuzhou. Yu (y?): corner. Gan: That is tangerine, a kind of tangerine.
⑵ Huanggan: yellow tangerine. A kind of tangerine. Guo Pu's note in "Shanglin Fu" by Sima Xiangru of the Han Dynasty: yellow and sweet, orange and monosodium glutamate.
⑶City corner: corner of the city. Mostly refers to the remote and open places at the root of the city. "The Book of Songs? Beifeng? Jingnu": Jingnu and his concubine are waiting for me in the corner of the city.
⑷ Chu Ke: refers to Qu Yuan, the great poet of Chu State during the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan loved oranges and once wrote "Ode to Oranges", which passionately praised the beauty of orange trees. Imperial tree: the orange tree.
⑸Munu: refers to citrus fruits. Tang Yuanzhen's poem "Reward Lotte Travels to the Southeast": Green rice dumplings with new water chestnuts, golden pills with small wooden slaves. Unlearned Sentence: It’s about Li Heng growing tangerines for profit. According to "Shui Jing Zhu? Yuanshui", during the Three Kingdoms period, Li Heng, a native of Jingzhou, was the governor of Wu Danyang. He once sent people to Longyangzhou in Wuling (now Changde County, Hunan) to plant thousands of tangerines. Before he died, he said to his son: I have a thousand wooden slaves in the state, which are enough for me. He treated the tangerine trees as slaves and could make profits, so he called them wood slaves. This sentence is said from the opposite side.
⑹Puffing snow: describes the white flowers blooming in anger.
⑺Dang beads: hanging beads. This is a metaphor for tangerine fruit.
⑻ Sit and wait: wait gradually. Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem called "West Garden in the Same Year in Tengxian County": Everyone grows elms and willows and sits in ten acres of shade.
⑼ Taste: delicious. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period? Shiyin": The taste of lust in the mouth. [
Background of planting citrus trees in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City:
Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Liuzhou as governor in the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819) ) died of illness while serving as the governor of Liuzhou and stayed in Liuzhou No. 1 for four years. This poem was written during the period when he was demoted to Liuzhou.
Appreciation of the tangerine trees planted in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City:
Su Dongpo once said that Liu Zongyuan's poems were dry on the outside but creamy on the inside, which seemed light but actually beautiful (Volume 2 of "Dongpo's Inscriptions and Postscripts"), It can convey the taste of indifference ("After the Collection of Poems by Huang Zisi"). This poem is just such a good poem.
The title of the poem indicates that it was written during the period when Liuzhou was demoted. The content of the poem is to express the feelings of planting tangerine trees. The beginning is written in a general narrative: two hundred yellow tangerines are planted by hand, and new leaves are everywhere in the city in spring. The first sentence specifically states the species and number of citrus trees, which shows the poet's love and attention to citrus trees. The second sentence uses the word "xin" to describe the tender green of the citrus leaves, and the word "wen" to describe the prosperity of the citrus leaves. It not only reflects the phenological tense, blending and flowing, like now, but also secretly expresses the poet's interest in watching tree by tree and looking around the city. Click out.
Regarding the reason why he has such deep affection for the citrus trees, the poet said this: Fang Tongchuk pities the emperor's tree, but does not learn from Jingzhou Limunu. It turns out that he loved citrus because he got inspired by reading Chu Ke Qu Yuan's "Ode to Orange", rather than wanting to make a fortune by growing tangerines and leave some property to his descendants like Li Heng, the prefect of Danyang during the Three Kingdoms period. (See the third quotation from "Taiping Yulan" in the fruit part of "Xiangyang Ji") He has close friends with ancient sages, loves orange trees, is leisurely and contented, and does not care about honor and gain. The poet's heart is very indifferent. However, through the indifferent appearance, we can get a glimpse of the poet's inner turmoil. Qu Yuan loved and pitied orange trees at that time. He believed that orange trees have the qualities of being cautious, never making mistakes, and being virtuous and selfless. He once wrote a poem to encourage himself. Today, I am virtuous and selfless, but I am banished to Yanhuang. No one can express my feelings and intentions. Only these dumb citrus trees are my soulmates. The duality of this couplet uses opposition rather than direct opposition, injecting complex thoughts and feelings into two allusions with opposite meanings, achieving not only symmetry in form, but also tactful expression in content, and can It arouses inner contrasting associations, and makes people feel profound and profound when reading it, with a lingering aftertaste.
Then, the poet thought about the blossoming and fruiting of the young tangerine tree: How old are the flowers and the smell of snow spraying, and who picks the actual weeping pearls? How old are you and who are you? The pity is deep, so we long for it. Since the tangerine tree has become the only close friend around the poet, the more deeply he expresses his pity for the tangerine tree, the more he can express his high feelings and ease, and show that he is trying his best to forget the world. This couplet uses spraying snow to describe the blossoming of citrus trees. The next word "wen" describes the wonder of spraying snow and the fragrance of citrus flowers in one stroke, exaggerating a lively atmosphere; using hanging beads to describe the abundant fruits, it shows a world full of hope. prospects. But this is based on imagination after all. Returning from imagination to reality, the lively atmosphere just reflects the loneliness in front of me. The implication of these two sentences is: Do I really want to stay here until the citrus blossoms and bear fruit?
The last couplet could have gone straight to the heart and expressed emotion, but the poet still used a gentle tone to pretend to be optimistic: If you just sit and wait for the sun to grow in the forest, you will be able to support an old man. The literal meaning is: If I wait until the orange trees grow into a forest, the taste of its fruits can still support me as an old man. But this is an excuse. What it actually means is that I feel sad that I have been exiled for a long time, and I am afraid that it will continue until the yellow orange trees grow and I can taste it myself.
The entire tone of this poem is gentle, but behind the gentle tone, the poet's restless heart is hidden. This is an important reason for the formation of an artistic style that looks dull but is actually beautiful. The beauty of it, to borrow Ouyang Xiu's words, is that it is like eating olives at first, and the true flavor will get better over time (Volume 2 of "Ouyang Wenzhong Gongji"). The whole poem has a light meaning and a profound charm.
Later generations’ evaluation of the tangerine trees planted in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City:
1. "Ying Kui Lv Sui": Empress Jia Shu, in Qu Yuan's language, picked out the two characters to describe the wood slave, Very strange. The final chapter is meticulously written.
2. "Yimen Reading Notes": The conclusion is that I have seen that I have no hope of returning to the north. Pass it on in sorrow.
3. "Review of Ying Kui Lü Sui": Ji Yun: The language is also clear and clear, but the style is not high-pitched.
4. "Notes on Five-Seven-Character Modern Poems": The concluding sentence is that I have been relegated to exile for a long time, and I am afraid that I will become a forest if I am willing to do so.
5. "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan": The second half of the truth is illegal.
Literary works of Liu Zongyuan:
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems and essays in his life, and his achievements in literature were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred pieces of parallel prose, and the ancient prose can be roughly divided into six categories.
(1) Discussion: including philosophy, political commentary and other essays mainly focusing on discussion. The writing is sharp and the argument is precise. "Tian Shuo" is a representative philosophical treatise. ("On Feudalism" and "On Punishment" are representative works of long and medium-length political commentaries. "Jin Wen Gong Wen Shou Yuan Yi", "Tong Ye Feng Di Bian", "Yi Yin Wu Jiu Jie Zan" and others are representative short political commentaries. ) has a simple materialistic component in his philosophical thought. His political thoughts are mainly manifested in the progressive social and historical view of heavy power and the people-centered thought of Confucianism. But they are also influenced by Buddhism, especially when they are politically frustrated, they often look to Buddhism for spiritual relief.
(2) Fables: inherited and developed the tradition of "Zhuangzi", "Han Feizi", "Lü Shi Chun Qiu", "Lie Zi", and "Warring States Policy", and were mostly used to satirize and criticize the ugly phenomena of society at that time. . He is innovative and creative, making good use of various animal anthropomorphic artistic images to convey philosophy or express political opinions. (Representative works include "Three Commandments" ("The Elk of Linjiang", "The Donkey of Guizhou", "The Rat of Yong Mou"), "Biography", "Zhuo Shuo" and other chapters.
) laughed and cursed, and showed a high degree of humor and satire.
(3) Biography: It inherits the tradition of "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", and also makes some innovations (representative works include "The Anecdotes of Duan Taiwei", "Zi Ren Biography", "Hejian Biography" ", "Snake Catcher's Story", etc.), some works are exaggerated and fictional based on real people and real events, like fables and novels (such as "The Story of Song and Qing Dynasties", "The Story of Planting Trees and Guo Lituo").
(4) Landscape travel notes: the most popular ones, all written after he was demoted, and the ones written by Yongzhou are even better. (Exemplary works include "The Journey to Xishan Banquet", "The Cobalt Pond", "The Cobalt Pond West Xiaoqiu", "The Story of the Xiaoshi Pond West Xiaoqiu", "The Yuan Family's Desire", "The Shi Canal", "The Stone Pond"). "Journey" and "Little Rock Mountain") works not only use beautiful scenery to express one's own experiences and resentments; there are also descriptions of the author's quiet state of mind, showing that he turned to pursue spiritual sustenance in extreme depression. As for directly depicting landscapes, they may be steep and majestic, or may be clear, profound and beautiful, using exquisite language to reproduce the natural beauty.
(5) Poetry and Sao Fu: unique (representative works such as "Punishment Fu", "Min Sheng Fu", "Meng Gui Fu", "Prisoner Mountain Fu", etc., all use "Li Sao", "Nine Poems" "Chapter" style. Some express one's feelings directly, or refer to ancient times to express self-inflicted wounds, or express allegorical expressions, meditative and bitter words, which are deeply rooted in the essence of Qu Sao. Modeled after "Tian Wen" and "Qi Fa", the language is unique and profound. In addition, Liu Ji also contains many Buddhist steles, inscriptions, prefaces, poems and other works, involving Zen, Tiantai, Vinaya and other doctrines. ) There are more than 140 Liu poems in existence, all of which were written after he was demoted. The predecessors called him King Meng Weiliu together with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu. Some of its Five Ancient Thoughts are close to Tao Yuanming's poems in content, the language is simple and natural, the style is elegant and meaningful. Other Wugu poems were influenced by Xie Lingyun. They composed exquisite words and mixed with mystical principles. They even learned from Xie's poems when writing titles. But Liu's poems can contain resentment in their beauty, showing similarities but differences. Liu Shi also has rhythmic poems that are known for their generosity, sadness and health. (For example, "Climbing the Tower of Liuzhou and Sending to Zhangting to Connect the Four States" is a famous seven-rhythm poem of the Tang Dynasty, and "Snow on the River", "The Fisherman" and "Living in the Brook" are also rare works in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty).
(6) Collection of works: Liu Yuxi began to compile the collection "Collection of Mr. Hedong". There were many annotated editions in the Song Dynasty, and Han Chun's "Collected Works of Mr. Liu Xunxun" is the earliest extant edition of Liu's collection. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang Zhiqiao compiled and annotated Liuhedong Collection. His deeds can be found in Han Yu's "Liu Zihou's Epitaph", the new and old "Tang Shu" biographies, and Wen Anli's "Mr. Liu's Chronicle".
Personal information of Liu Zongyuan:
Liu Zongyuan (AD 773-AD 819), named Zihou, Han nationality, was from Hedong (now Yongji, Yuncheng, Shanxi), and one of the eight great families of the Tang and Song Dynasties 1. The writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker of the Tang Dynasty was known as Mr. Liuhedong Hedong. He was also known as Liuliuzhou because he died as the governor of Liuzhou. Liu Zongyuan was called Han Liu together with Han Yu, Liu Liu together with Liu Yuxi, and Wang Mengweiliu together with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu.
Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose pieces. The prose is highly argumentative, sharp and satirical.
Travel notes describe the scenery, and many of them are based on "The Collection of Mr. Hedong". His representative works include "River Dwelling", "Jiang Snow", and "The Fisherman"
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