In feudal society, patriotism must be loyal to the monarch, and loyalty to the monarch is patriotism. Therefore, "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism" is the core idea of Du Fu. An Shi Rebellion broke out, and he was caught by the rebels when he fled, and was taken to the ruined Chang 'an. The prosperity of the past is now beyond recognition. The poet was heartbroken and had nowhere to tell. He wrote with anxiety: "Although the country is broken, mountains and rivers remain forever, and all plants are in spring. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. " After he narrowly escaped from danger, he came to Fengxiang day and night and defected to Suzong, showing his loyalty and patriotism to the monarch.
Du Fu is loyal to the monarch and loves the people. He was "worried about Li Yuan when he was poor, and his bowels were full of heat", especially his years of hunger and cold, which deepened his sympathy for the people and gave him a feeling of caring for others. However, due to the limitations of the times, Du Fu could not deny the emperor. Moreover, he has always had illusions about the emperor, hoping to realize his political ambition of "paying tribute to the monarch and then purifying the customs" by "ordering tax reduction and exemption".
All of the above are reflected in the poet's works, thus forming an artistic style of "depression and frustration, euphemism and implication".
Example 1:
The Military Vehicle Shop was written in 752 AD, which reflected the social situation of the Tang Dynasty before the Anshi Rebellion. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was politically idle and preferred traitors. Opening Xinjiang to the outside world, expanding its territory, and using troops year after year have led to the decline of national strength and the intensification of social contradictions, but he is still ignorant and arrogant. Du Fu described in his poems that years of war destroyed people's families and separated their wives and children.
"Car rickety, Ma Xiaoxiao, each of you has a bow and an quiver on your belt. My parents and wife will say goodbye to each other until the dust buries the bridge outside Chang 'an. They shouted as they ran and pulled your sleeve, and their sad voices floated into the sky. " The brigade of chariots and horses prowled forward, and their wives and children rushed to see them off, crying loudly: those who sent their fathers away were afraid that their children would have to be raised, not waiting; Those who send children are afraid that white-haired people will send black-haired people; Those who send their husbands are more worried about "looking at the royal family from a distance and seeing more pines and cypresses" (Han Yuefu's "Fifteenth Conscription"). Even if they were lucky enough not to die, I'm afraid they were "enlisted in the 15th and returned in the early 1980s". Those boys who were "hooded by the mayor when they started their career" still have to "be at the border now because their hair is white". It seems that the poet still sees the side yard flowing into the sea, which is already "in thousands of villages, nothing grows except weeds", although "although the strong woman has bent down to plow the land, the furrows of everything have been broken?" . The field is barren, with ten rooms and nine empty rooms, which is a desolate atmosphere. Feudal society has always favored sons over daughters, especially peasant families in urgent need of strong labor. However, nowadays, "we know that having a son will bring bad luck, and having a daughter will be much better." Because "who can get married and live in the neighbor's house", they often see their parents, and "when we bury our boy under the grass" ends up in a lonely grave with nowhere to talk. Everyone knows that the war is extremely cruel: "Old Bai's bones are abandoned at all costs". Even if he didn't see it with his own eyes, he could imagine the tragic scene that "the new ghost complains that the old ghost cries the loudest in the dark sky on a stormy day". In the hearts of the people, they fought bloody battles only for the rulers to conquer the world. They don't want to be heroes, they just want their loved ones to return safely. Oh! Just like the world is sad and the grass is crying.
The poet showed deep sympathy for the people. He certainly knew that the root of all this was the ruler's ambition to expand his territory, but how could he point the finger at the king? No amount of sadness, sadness and resentment can directly express their feelings. You can only compare the Tang Dynasty with Han, and replace the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The words "and Emperor Wu's heart is beating" are all in it, which is really profound and euphemistic. The viewer knows it well, so there is no need to ask.
Example 2:
The narrative poem "Li Shihao" describes the encounter between the poet "throwing stones at Haocun at dusk" and "officials catching people at night". The poet spoke in an unusually calm tone, and everything seemed to be in front of him, which made people feel as if they had seen it with their own eyes: "The old man walked over the wall and the old woman went out to see it." Readers can't help asking: Why? Wait a minute, "listen to what the woman said before: three men are guarding Yecheng, one man is attached with a book, and two men are newly killed." It turned out that her three sons went out with the army, and two of them had died in battle. Nowadays, "there is no one in the house, only grandchildren." Sun Youmu doesn't go, and the skirt has no end. "The sons are gone and dead, leaving only the old couple, a grandson who is still nursing, and a daughter-in-law who dare not go out to see people because she has no complete skirt. -the family lived to this point, and the evil official forced the old man to act as a strong man. After the old man left, they took the old woman to the front to cook for the officers and men. It's really terrible, blood and tears every word. Needless to say, darkness and cruelty are all in it.
The whole poem does not loudly rebuke the cruelty of evil officials, nor does it shout because of the injustice of the world. It just stands on the sidelines from the objective and calm perspective of outsiders, telling stories in a simple and clear way and in almost vernacular language. However, it is this seemingly calm narrative that is actually the poet's forbearance of inner grief and indignation, the restraint of excited hearts, and the deliberate exposure of the atrocities of the politicians. In a gloomy and subtle way, people feel that "tyranny is fiercer than tigers", which has a stronger artistic appeal. This narrative technique, which combines subjectivity and objectivity, melts the poet's subjective consciousness, thoughts and feelings into objective and concrete description, which is really exquisite but penetrating.
In a word, the times created Du Fu, and also created the poet's poetic art of "gloomy and euphemistic".